Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Fasciitis, Plantar ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged

Objective To study the effects of emodin on apoptosis and mRNA and protein of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) and Endonuclease G (Endo G) in human bladder cancer cells BIU87,and to investigate the anticancer mechanism of emodin. Methods The BIU87 cells were divided into 4 groups,control group,Z-VAD-FMK group,emodin group,emodin combined with Z-VAD-FMK group.The effects of different concentrations of emodin at different action time on cells proliferation of BIU87 in vitro culture were measured by methylthiazole (MTT) chromatometry,the cells apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry,and expression of AIF and Endo G were examined by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and Western blot.Results MTT assay demonstrated that the higher concentration of emodin and the longer action time,the more significant inhibition of tumor cell growth.Based on the IC50 value,80 μmol/L and 72 h of emodin intervention were selected as an intervention condition.The apoptosis rate in emodin group (44.57 ± 1.52 ) ％was significantly higher than that in emodin combined with Z-VAD-FMK group (35.58 ± 1.61 ) ％ ( P ＜0.01).RT-PCR and Western blot showed that the mRNA and protein of AIF in emodin combined with Z-VAD-FMK group,emodin group,control group,Z-VAD-FMK group were ( 1.74 ± 0.11 ) and (2.59 ±0.13),(1.36±0.08) and (1.89±0.14),(0.37 ±0.02) and (0.53±0.11),(0.42 ±0.06) and (0.44 ± 0.07),respectively.There were significant differences between emodin group and the other groups (P ＜0.01 ).The mRNA and protein of Endo G in emodin combined with Z-VAD-FMK group,emodin group,control group,Z-VAD-FMK group were (2.28±0.15) and (3.31 ±0.36),(1.85 ±0.13) and (2.15 ±0.27),(0.53 ±0.07) and (0.71 ±0.16),(0.61 ±0.04) and (0.67 ±0.22),respectively.The differences were significant between emodin group and the other groups ( P ＜ 0.01 ). Coneltusion Emodin can upgrade the expression of AIF and Endo G in bladder cancer cells BIU87,which can induce apoptosis through Caspase-independent pathway.

Objective To investigate epidemiological characteristics and differences in anklebrachial index (ABI) among the natural population in Shanghai and Inner Mongolia,and to observe the prevalence of lower extremity peripheral arterial disease (PAD).Methods A total of 2604 volunteers from Shanghai and Inner Mongolia were selected by stratified cluster random sample.ABI was measured and related data were collected.Results The A BI value in Shanghai was 1.074 ± 0.095,while it was 1.062 ±0.075 in Inner Mongolia (P ＜ 0.001).The prevalence of lower extremity PAD in Shanghai was 4.2％,while it was 1.9％ in Inner Mongolia (P ＜ 0.01).For males,the ABI value in Shanghai was 1.078 ±0.105,and it was 1.075 ± 0.080 in Inner Mongolia (P ＞ 0.05).For females,the ABI value in Shanghai was 1.073 ±0.089,while it was 1.052 ±0.070 in Inner Mongolia (P ＜0.001).For males,the prevalence of lower extremity PAD of the in Shanghai was 4.7％,while it was 2.0％ in Inuer Mongolia (P ＜ 0.05).For females,the prevalence of lower extremity PAD of in Shanghai was 4.0％,while it was 1.8％ in Inner Mongolia (P ＜ 0.05).The ABI values in age group of ＜ 50 years in Shanghai and Inner Mongolia were 1.037 ± 0.082 and 1.055 ± 0.068,respectively (P ＜ 0.05).The prevalences of lower extremity PAD in age group of ＜50 years in Shanghai and Inner Mongolia were 7.6％ and 1.2％,respectively (P ＜0.001).There were no significant differences in ABI value and the prevalence of lower extremity PAD between Shanghai and Inner Mongolia in both age group of 50-69 years and ≥70 years (all P values ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The ABI value in Shanghai is higher than that in Inner Mongolia and the prevalence of lower extremity PAD in both males and females in Shanghai is significantly higher than that in Inner Mongolia.But they are lower than the level of western countries.In different age groups,the difference of the prevalence of lower extremity PAD between Shanghai and Inner Mongolia is only displayed in the age group of ＜ 50 years,which may be related to the limited sample size.The natural population in Shanghai exposed artery atherosclerotic disease risk factors may increase and we need to pay more attention to the lower extremity PAD.

ObjectiveTo study the suppressive role of emodin on the growth and its effect on the proliferation cycle and apoptosis of human bladder cancer cell line BIU87.MethodsThe effect of different concentration of emodin at different time point on cell proliferation of BIU87 were measured with methylthiazole (MTT) chromatometry, the cell proliferation cycle were detected with flow cytometry, expressions of bc1-2 and caspase-3 were detected by SP of immunohistochemistry.ResultsWithin a certain range, the higher concentration of emodin (10 ～ 80 μg/ml) and the longer action time are positive related the more significant inhibition of tumor cell growth and the higher apoptosis rate [(9.84 ± 1.13)％, (18.32 ±2.14)％ ,(29.73+1.42)％ ,(42.13 +2.36)％ ,respectively].Compared with control group [(2.01 ±0.92)％], the differences were statistically significant(F =531.85, P ＜0.01).Emodin could inhibit the proliferation of human bladder cancer cell BIU87 by blocking BIU87 cell in G0/G1 stage, thus cut down cell proportion in stage of S [(33.27 +1.26)％ ,(29.17 ±1.39)％, (16.94 ±0.86)％ ,(10.85 ± 1.47)％,respectively], compared with the control group [(35.45 ± 0.38) ％], the differences were statistically significant(F =524.64, P ＜0.01).After 48 h of emodin treatment, the bc1-2 expression(Grayscale values:122.65 + 2.12,131.37 ± 1.62,134.81 ± 1.36,145.55 ± 2.01, respectively) was decreased and the caspase-3 expression(Grayscale values : 135.26 + 1.41,130.22 ± 1.74,126.11 ± 1.77,118.36 + 1.53, respectively) was increased in a dose dependent manner.Compared with control group (Grayseale values:108.42 + 3.73,149.35 ± 1.82, respectively), the differences were statistically significant (F = 216.23,224.83, P ＜0.01).ConclusionsEmodin could significantly inhibit the growth and induce apoptosis of BIU87 cells in vitro, which may be through down regulation of bc1-2, and up regulation of caspase-3, and blocking BIU87 cell in G0/G1 stage.

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of emodin on hetertransplanted human bladder cancer in nude mice and explore its mechanism.Methods Heterotransplanted models of human bladder cancer cell line BIU87 cells in nude mice were established.The mice were randomly divided into 4 groups during the experiment:blank control group,Z-VAD-FMK group,emodin group and emodin combined with Z-VAD-FMK group.The growth of tumors was observed and the growth curve was mapped.The nude mice were sacrificed 4 weeks later,the tumors were isolated and weighed.The pathological changes of tumor were observed after HE staining,the cells apoptosis were detected with flow cytometry,and the expression of AIF and Endo G were examined by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and Western blot.Results The tumor growth rate in emodin group was lower than that in the other three groups.The tumor quality in emodin group [(0.41 ± 0.05 ) g] and emodin combined with Z-VAD-FMK group [( 0.69 ±0.07)g]were lighter than that in the other two groups[(1.08 ±0.13,1.04 ±0.09)g,],and the differences were statistically significant( F =90.56,27.49,P ＜0.01 ).The quality difference in emodin group and emodin combined with Z-VAD-FMK group was statistically significant ( t =10.01,P ＜ 0.01 ).The apoptosis rate in emodin group [(42.71 ±2.69)％]was significantly higher than that in emodin combined with Z-VAD-FMK group[(34.38 ± 1.73)％] ( t =6.38,P ＜0.01 ).The expression of AIF and Endo G in emodin combined with Z-VAD-FMK group was significantly increased than other groups [( 1.65 ±0.12)vs(1.24±0.08),(0.51 ±0.07),(0.48 ±0.04);(2.12 ±0.16)vs(1.75 ±0.13),(0.57 ±0.06),(0.59±0.07);(2.42±0.13)vs(1.73 ±0.11),(0.78 ±0.07),(0.75 ±0.08);(3.13 ±0.25)vs(2.15± 0.18 ),(0.85 ± 0.09 ),(0.81 ± 0.14 )],and the differences were significant ( F =303.22,319.32,409.38,258.53,P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusions Emodin could significantly inhibit the growth of hetertransplanted human bladder cancer in nude mice.The mechanism might be partly due to the expression increase of AIF and Endo G in bladder cancer cells,which might induce apoptosis through Caspase-independent pathway.

Objective To investigate the teaching modes of the course of guide to learn in undergraduate nursing students in order to improve their quality of leaning.Methods Questionnaire survey and interview were conducted to collect the students'general appraisal on learning Science and teaching content and teaching modes as well as ingathering and suggestions of the course.Results Totally 79.5%among 117 students thought it necessary to open the course of Learning Science.96.6%students considered ten subjects of the course reasonable.83.8%students were satisfied with the alternate five-teachers'teaching modes.The most digestible teaching approach Was illustration,and the most valuable experience wag how to regulate the psyehology of learning.Conclusions The course of guide to learn in nursing undergraduate education has positive significance.Nursing educators should always explore and improve the teaching mode of this course so as to help students develop SOundly.

Objective: To determine plasma levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (sTRAIL) and its soluble death receptor (sDR4, sDR5) in essential hypertension (EH) patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Methods: Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure plasma levels of sTRAIL, sDR4 and sDR5 in 50 EH + LVH patients (EH + LVH group), 50 EH patients without LVH (EH group) and 50 healthy subjects (healthy control group), and the results were compared and analyzed among three groups. Results: ① Compared with healthy control group and EH group, there were significant increase in plasma levels of sTRAIL [(0.95±0.11) ng/ml vs. (1.12±0.86) ng/ml vs. (1.74±1.19) ng/ml], sDR4[(2.38±0.32) pg/ml vs. (5.63±1.05) pg/ml vs. (8.72±1.14) pg/ml] and sDR5[(< 6 pg/ml) vs. (39.19±8.23) pg/ml vs. (78.21±11.2) pg/ml] in EH + LVH group, P<0.01 all; and levels of sDR4 and sDR5 in EH group were significantly higher than those of healthy control group (P<0.01 both), but there was no significant difference in sTRAIL level between the two groups (P>0.05); ② Pearson correlation analysis indicated that there were significant positive correlation among levels of sTRAIL, sDR4 and sDR5 in EH + LVH patients (r=0.325~0.410, P<0.05 or <0.01). Conclusion: Plasma levels of sTRAIL, sDR4 and sDR5 may be valuable indexes for prediction of left ventricular hypertrophy in patients with hypertension.

BACKGROUND:Previous studies have confirmed the presence of bis-(3'-5')-cyclic dimeric guanosine
monophosphate signaling pathway in Streptococcus mutans, which construct the streptococcus mutans gcp gene knockout strains.
OBJECTIVE:To compare the gene expression differences between Streptococcus mutans wild strains and gcp mutant strains, and to screen the biofilm-related genes from them for the fol ow-up study.
METHODS:The total RNA of two kinds of strains were extracted and stained with cy3 and cy5 respectively after reverse transcription. The gene chip was scanned after hybridization and the differential gene were obtained
through the data analysis. The different expression genes were verified by real-time PCR.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Differential genes were mainly relative about glucose metabolism and biofilm formation. We selected two genes for real-time PCR verification. The PCR results were consistent with the
microarray results. After Streptococcus mutans gcp gene knockout, the gene expressions of gcp mutant strains were upregulated and the gene expressions of phosphotransferase system were downregulated, this result
suggested that two different genes were related with the c-di-GMP signal pathway downstream.

Objective To compare the epidemiological characteristics and differences in brachialankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV)among middle-aged residents between Shanghai and Inner Mongolia autonomous region (Inner Mongolia),and to observe the prevalence of arterial stiffness in the two populations.Methods A total of 922 volunteers aged between 45 and 59 from Shanghai and Inner Mongolia were selected by stratified cluster random sample method.BaPWV was measured and related data were collected.Results A total of 903 cases were enrolled in this study,including 441 from Shanghai and 462 from Inner Mongolia.The baPWV value of middle-aged residents in Inner Mongolia was higher than that in Shanghai [(1 548 ± 281) cm/s and (1 476 ± 254) cm/s,P ＜ 0.001].The abnormal rate of baPWV (baPWV ≥ 1 400 cm/s) in Inner Mongolia was also higher than that in Shanghai [67.5 ％ (312) and 57.4％ (253),P ＜0.001].The baPWV value of middle-aged men in Inner Mongolia was (1 568 ±299) cm/s,while it was (1 508 ± 260) cm/s in Shanghai,no statistical difference was found (P ＞ 0.05).The baPWV value of middle-aged women in Inner Mongolia was (1 534 ± 268) cm/s,which was higher than that of Shanghai [(1 468 ±252)cm/s,P ＜0.01].The abnormal rate of baPWV of middle-aged men in Inner Mongolia and Shanghai was 67.0％ (126/188) and 60.8％ (59/97),respectively (P ＞ 0.05).The abnormal rate of baPWV of middle-aged women in Inner Mongolia and Shanghai was 67.9％ (186/274) and 56.4％(194/344),respectively.Conclusions The difference of baPWV value and abnormal rate of baPWV of middle-aged residents between Inner Mongolia and Shanghai exists.Middle-aged people in Inner Mongolia should be more alert to the incidence of arteriosclerosis and cardio-cerebrovascular diseases.

Objective:To analyze and evaluate population health informatization development of China. Meth-ods:Through this investigation, 8 578 copies of a questionnaire designed for all levels of health administration and parts of primary hospitals were collected. These collected data, were analyzed to evaluate the population health infor-matization development of China through the evaluation index system established for population health informatization development and comprehensive evaluation model. Results:The results of this empirical study indicate that the popu-lation &Health Informatization overall has rapid development , but still has regional differences, and total score of the top 10 provinces are Zhejiang, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Beijing, Chongqing, Tianjin, Hunan, Henan and Gan-su. A statistical difference (p<0. 05) exists in regional development on population & health informatization of Chi-na, therefore serval provinces have obvious weakness or advantage in the construction of informatization. Discussion& suggestions:Government of China should pay attention to evaluation during the construction of informatization;pro-mote a balanced and sustainable development by strengthening financial support and optimizing the input pattern;up-grade regional population health informatization overall according to the information resources as the core;and develop the key priorities of population health informatization depending on practical situation and developing trend.