Rhamnolipid,an important biosurfactant,is reviewed with respect to chemical strocture,properties,physiological role and their fermentation production,especially focusing on the production with inexpensive raw materials,such as vegetable oils and residues from agro- industrial wastes.This can not only reduce the production costs,but also contribute to the reduction of environmental impact generated by the discard of residues,and the treatment costs.

Objective To establish an HPLC method for the determination of Aloeemodin,Rhein,Chrysophanol,Emodin and Physcione in Huangxiong Kangshuan Capsule.Methods The determination was performed on Kromasil-C18 column(250 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m) with mobile phase consisted of methanol-0.1% phosphoric acid(85:15) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min.Column temperature was 25 ℃.The UV detection wavelength was set at 254 nm.Results The calibration curves were linear in the range of 0.230～3.68 ?g(r=0.999 8) for Aloeemodin,0.224～3.584 ?g(r=0.999 9) for Rhein,0.223～3.568 ?g(r= 0.999 8) for Emodin,0.257～4.112 ?g(r=0.999 9) for Chrysophanol and 0.287～4.592 ?g(r=0.999 8) for Physcion.The average recovery was 98.48%,98.10%,99.08%,100.34%,97.52% and RSD was 1.39%,1.54%,1.44%,2.40%,2.03% respectively.Conclusion The determination method is simple,reliable,accurate,and it can be used for quality control of Huangxiong Kangshuan Capsule.

Objective:To determine whether there were alteration of miRNA expression in peripheral Treg cells,through the contrast between normal people and patients with ITP and to explore the pathogenesis of ITP.Methods:Peripheral blood was obtained from ITP patients and normal people ,and Treg cells were isolated by flow cytometry.RNA was extracted from Tregs in each group,then for miRNA arrays analysis through Solexa sequencing.Compare ITP group and normal control group microarray to identify differentially expressed miRNA.Differentially expressed miRNA were analyzed to find the abnormal signaling pathways.Results: We screened multiple miRNA abnormal expression in Treg cell of ITP patients,which has significant differences were miR-1976,miR-548ae-5p,miR-5096-p3,miR-548am-5p,PC-3p-63471,and PC-3p-96627.By enrichment analysis,we found two abnormal signaling pathways:ErbB signaling pathway and TGF-βsignaling pathway.Conclusion:Differentially expressed miRNA were found in peripheral Treg cell of ITP patients,which may be affected the normal functioning immune regulation of Treg cells,and involved in the pathogenesis of ITP.

Objective To know the prevalence rate of hypertension and the rates of illness-awareness,medication and blood pressure control in Wenzhou. Method With random cluster sampling,1 034 residents aged≥15 yrs were selected from the communities of Wenzhou,and investigated with the standard questionnaires. Results The prevalence rate of hypertension in Wenzhou was 38.97% and the standardized rate was 22.27%. Among the patients with hypertension,51.12% of them were aware,and only 40.69% of them took medication and 9.18% of them had their blood pressure controlled. Conclusion The prevalent rate of hypertension is higher,but the awareness rate,medication rate and controlling rate are lower in Wenzhou city. The comprehensive interventions are needed for the prevention and treatment of hypertension.

Objective:To establish the quality standard for Naolingsu Tablets.Methods: Applying the technique of TLC, Radix Ginseng and Herba Epimedii were identified. The content of icariin was determined by HPLC. Results: Radix Ginseng and Herba Epimedii can be determined by TLC. Icariin showed a good linear relationship in the range of 0.011 ～ 0.424 ?g and the average recovery is 102.1% , RSD is 1.0% . Conclusion: The methods are simple, sensitive and accurate with good reproducibility. The methods may be used for quality control of Naolingsu Tablets.

To describe a modified simple iris suture for pupillary dilation technique during vitrectomy in cases with a miotic pupil.Four translimbal incisions were created with a sharp straight blade at 1:30,10:30,4:30,and 7:30 o'clock,respectively.The straight needle of 10-0 polypropylene suture and a Sinskey IOL hook was used to displace the pupillary margin toward the limbus.In 3 cases,four sutures caused a 6-mm to 9-mm square-shaped pupil,and the pupil was allowed to return to a smaller size at the end of the operation.It is simple and may reduce postoperative complications.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; methods ; Adult ; Aged ; Catgut ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phlebotomy ; Trigeminal Neuralgia ; therapy

ObjectiveTo discuss the method and significance of concentric circumareolar approach in treatment of gynecomastia.MethodsThe incision was designed with the patient in a standing position.The location of the new nipple was determined,around which a outer cycle with the diameter of 5 cm was marked.And then a concentric inner circle with the diameter of 2.5 -3 cm was marked around the original nipple.The bilateral nipple position should be on the same level.A rim of tissue around the nipple-areola complex( NAC )was deepithelialized,excision of excess glandular tissue was performed subcutaneously and vascular network of dermis was preserved as much as possible.The purse string suture was applied in the circumareolar incision.Results 30 patients with gynecomastia were treated with this method.The result of the operation was pleasing with good aesthetic appearance,normal blood supply,and inconspicuous scars.Conclusion As a surgical approach of gynaecomastia,concentric circumareolar incision can remove excess glandular tissues and redundant skin,and has the benefit of concealing incision,simple procedure and satisfactory outcome.

Objective To understand the schistosomiasis prevention knowledge of middle school students from areas with dif-ferent endemic levels in Hubei Province. Methods The schistosomiasis endemic regions were divided into transmission con-trolled areas and endemic controlled areas in Hubei Province,middle school students from different types of areas were selected through stratified randomized cluster sampling and were investigated by questionnaire. Results A total of 3 204 students were se-lected and investigated. The awareness rate of schistosomiasis prevention and control knowledge among the students ranged from 65.1%-90.3%. Overall,the students from endemic controlled areas had higher knowledge rates of all the items than those from transmission controlled areas(all P<0.05). The middle school students acquired schistosomiasis prevention knowledge mainly from the teachers,parents,doctors and schistosomiasis staff. Conclusion Health education to students should adopt different ways targeting at different endemic levels in the future.

BackgroundSeveral cornea collagen crosslinking methods have been used to treat keratoconus.However,the safety of these methods is dissatisfactory.Glyceraldehyde is a very potent and highly reactive crosslinking agent,with little toxicity,but its effect on corneal biomechanical property is poorly clear.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical effects of glyceraldehyde collagen crosslinking on rats cornea.Methods Fifteen clean SD rats were randomly divided into 0.005 mol/L glyceraldhyde group,0.050 mol/L glyceraldhyde group and blank control group.Glyceraldhyde drops was topically administered in the right ryes 2 times per day for consecutive 7 days in the 0.005 mol/L and 0.050 mol/L glyceraldhyde groups,and no any eye drops was used in the blank control group.Seven days later,the rats were sacrificed.Transparency of corneal buttons in these different groups was evaluated.The central corneal strips of 2 mm×6 mm with 2 mm scleral tiasue were obtained for the biomeehanical stress-strain measurement,including ultimate stress ( MPa),ultimate strain (％) and 6％ elastic modulus (MPa).Corneal collagen fibril density was assessed by histological examination under a light microscopy.The use of the animals followed the Regulations for the Administration of Affair Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission.ResultsThe words could be clearly displayed transcorneally in all the three groups.When strain was 6％,the stress was (0.463±0.065 ) MPa in 0.005 mol/L glyceraldehyde group,(0.846±0.240) MPa in 0.050 mol/L glyceraldehyde group,both showing a significant increase in comparison with (0.195±0.103 ) MPa of the blank control group (P=0.029,0.000 ).Following the crosslinking treatment,the ultimate stress was significant elevated in 0.050 mol/L glyceraldehydes group compared with the blank control group ( ( 10.759 ± 3.337 ) MPa vs.(5.295± 1.313 ) MPa,P =0.007 ),but no significant change between the 0.005 mol/L glyceraldehydes group and the blank control group ( ( 6.043 ±2.084) M Pa vs.(5.295 ± 1.313 ) MPa,P =0.660 ).Corneal ultimate strain was lower in the 0.005 mol/L glyceraldehyde group and 0.050 mol/L glyceraldehyde group than the blank control group (36.57％ ±3.09％ vs.43.87％ ± 1.89％,P =0.009;28.53％ ±1.89％ vs.43.87％ ± 1.89％,P =0.000).However,significantly increased 6％ elastic modulus were seen in the 0.005 mol/L glyceraldehyde group and 0.050 moL/L glyceraldehyde group compared with the blank control group ( ( 7.718 ± 1.076 ) MPa,( 14.102 ± 4.011 ) MPa vs.( 3.252 ± 1.717 ) M Pa),with statistically significant differences ( P =0.029,0.000).Histological examination showed a increase of collagen fiber density in the 0.050 mol/L glyceraldehyde group.Conclusions Corneal collagen crosslinking induced by glyceraldehyde strengthens biomechanical intensity and increases the density of corneal collagen fiber.But the safety of glyceraldehyde crosslinking for keratoconus needs further study.