Autofluorescence has great advantage on detecting premalignant lesions and early cancers which are not detectable by conventional white light endoscopy (WLE). In this review, the recent advances in autofluorescence for diagnosis of precancerous lesions and early cancers are presented. Varieties of endogenous fluorophores in biological tissues, the potential mechanisms of the autofluorescence differences between normal and abnormal tissues, the selection of light source and optimal excitation wavelengths, and effective algorithms for processing autofluorescence data are highlighted. Finally, the shortages and improvement directions of autofluorescence technique for the diagnosis of precancerous lesions and early cancers are briefly discussed.
Early Detection of Cancer ; methods ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Fluorescence ; Humans

Objective To investigate the effect of internal fixative operation with special-shaped plate on Pi- lon fracture.Methods 84 cases of Pilon fracture were treated respectively by continuous skeletal traction of calca- neus,internal fixative operation with general steel plate or Kirschner wire,or internal fixative operation with special- shaped plate.Results All the cases were followed up for 6 months to 2 years postoperatively.The rate of being ex- cellent and fine of 3 groups treated by 3 different methods was 42%,61% and 72 % separately.Conclusion Inter- nal fixative operation with special-shaped plate is a good way to treat Pilon fracture for its less complication and more recuperation and retention of function for anklebone.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; genetics ; metabolism ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective To study the recent clinical efficacy of compound matrine injections combined with concurrent chemoradiotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced gastric cancer. Methods Totally 65 cases of untreated locally advanced gastric cancer were randomly divided into treatment group (33 cases) and control group (32 cases). The control group was treated by the conformal intensity modulated radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy. On the basis of the control group, the treatment group was given compound matrine injections 20 mL/time, once a day for 5 weeks. The recent curative effect, the quality of life and adverse reaction of the two groups were observed. Results The recent curative effect rate of the treatment group was 66.67% (22/33), the control group was 40.63% (13/32), the difference was statistically significant (P=0.031). On hematologic toxicity, leukopenia occurred in the treatment group was 30.30% (10/33), the control group was 65.63% (21/32), the difference was statistically significant (P=0.004). KPS of 26 cases (78.79%) improved in the treatment, and 18 cases (56.25%) improved in the control group. Conclusion The effects of compound matrine injections combined with concurrent chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced gastric cancer are good, they can improve short-term efficacy, reduce side effects, and improve the quality of life.

Objective To investigate the effect of nerve growth factor(NGF)in the process of muscular neurotization of denerva- ted vascularized skeletal muscle.Method By using NGF(0.5 ?g/d) to transplanted skeletal muscle,muscular neurotization was exa- mined with histological,histochemical,electron microscope and immunohistochemical methods at various time.Result NGF was effective in promoting muscular neurotization and diminishing denervated muscle atrophy in grafted denervated skeletal muscle.Conclusion NGF can promote the muscular neurotization and diminish denervated muscle atrophy.

Objective To evaluate the relative quantities of flt-1, KDR, endostatin mRNA in tissue specimens of human hemangioma and great saphfenous vein with the modified reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Methods Total RNA from human specimens by Trizol was reverse-transcribed and amplified by PCR in 4 deffirent tubes containing one of the primer pairs such as flt-1, KDR, endostatin or ?-actin. The target genes and beta-actin PCR products were about 200 bp in length. The ratio of the yield of the target gene PCR product to the beta-actin PCR product could be calculated after 35 cycles of amplification.Results These ratios were correlated positively ( P=0.014,P=0.019) in two groups, but no relationship in endostatine level was observed (P=0.436).Conclusions VEGFR may play a very important role in the pathogenesis of the congenital hemangioma in children. But the endostatin may take little effect on it.

Objective To produce humanized anti-keratin antibodies with high affinity. Methods Panning of phage antibody libraries against human epidermal keratin was conducted to select specific antibodies. Random mutation method and chain-shuffling technique for the gene of the antibodies were employed to improve antibody affinity. The binding activity, specificity and affinity of the obtained antibodies were de-termined and analyzed. Results Four clones of either IgG or IgM anti-keratin antibodies were seleeted from semisynthetic or natural antibody libraries. One of them was seleeted to undergo affinity maturation. Random mutation method for the gene did not result in any improvement in antibody affinity. By chain-shuffling technique, however, affinity level was markedly increased and an antibody with affinity of 8?1010/M was isolated. Conclusion It is feasible to generate humanized antikeratin antibodies using genetical engineering technique.

Objective To screen the genes differentially expressed in gene expression in human lymphoma cell line Jurkat cells treated with phosphonoformate (PFA). Methods cDNA microarray technique was employed to detect the mRNA expressed in Jurkat cells treated with PFA or 0.9 percent sodium chloride, respectively. Results Among 1 152 genes there were 94 genes with different expression, of which 38 genes were upregulated and 56 genes were downregulated in Jurkat cells treated with PFA compared with those treated with 0.9 percent sodium chloride. Conclusions cDNA microarray technique was successfully used to screen the genes with different expression in Jurkat cells treated with PFA, and the results brought some new clues for the study of the immune regulation mechanism of PFA.

Objective To investigate the effects of autologous blood transfusion on serum neopterin and IL-2 concentrations after radical gastrectomy. Methods Sixty ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients of both sexes (33 male, 27 female) aged 40-65 yrs weighing 51-70 kg undergoing radical gastrectomy for stomach cancer were randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 30 each):homologous blood transfusion group (H) and autologous blood transfusion group (A). The patients were premedicated with intramuscular diazepam 10 mg and atropine 0.5 mg. Anesthesia was induced with midazolam 0.1 mg?kg-1, fentanyl 5 ?g?kg-1, propofol 1 mg?kg-1 and vecuronium 0.12 mg? kg-1 and maintained with isoflurane inhalation (1 % -2 %) and intermittent i. v. boluses of fentanyl and vecuronium. In group H homologous blood 400 ml was infused during gastro-intestinal anastomosis. In group A 400 ml of blood was removed from radial artery after induction of anesthesia, before surgery. Blood volume was maintained by simultaneous infusion of succinylated gelatin 500 ml. The 400 ml autologous blood was infused also during gastrointestinal anastomosis. Venous blood samples were taken before operation (baseline) , at the end of operation and on the 5th postoperative day for determination of serum concentrations of neopterin and IL-2 (ELISA) Results The two groups were comparable with regard to sex (M/F ratio), age, body weight, duration of operation and total blood loss. The serum concentrations of neopterin and IL-2 were significantly decreased after operation compared to the baseline values before operation in group H (P

Objective To evaluate the necessity and feasibility of low-dose dual-source CT coronary angiography imaging in the evaluation of high body mass index (BMI) patients. Methods Sixty patients with BMI≥28 kg/m2 and heart rate 65-90 beats/min were selected, and they were divided into prospective electrocardiography gated scanning group and retrospective electrocardiography gated scanning group by random digits table method with 30 cases each. The image quality, CT dose weighing index (CTDI) and dose length product (DLP) were compared between 2 groups. Results There was no statistical difference in the score of coronary image quality between retrospective electrocardiography gated scanning group and prospective electrocardiography gated scanning group:(3.47±0.61) scores vs. (3.18±0.94) scores, P>0.05. The CTDI and DLP in prospective electrocardiography gated scanning were significantly lower than those that in retrospective electrocardiography gated scanning: (32.44 ±10.18) mGy vs. (45.86 ±15.34) mGy and (458.00±95.27) mGy/cm vs. (532.15±154.43) mGy/cm, and there were statistical differences (P<0.05). Conclusion For high BMI patients, different low-dose dual-source CT scanning, especially prospective electrocardiography gated scanning, can guarantee image quality and reduce the radiation dose and the radiation damage at the same time.