Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Musculoskeletal Manipulations ; Periarthritis ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Tendons ; physiopathology

Objective: To investigate the effect of extracranial-intracranial vascular bypass graft on stroke prevention in patients with chronic ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Methods: The clinical data of 217 patients with chronic ischemic cerebrovascular disease whom underwent extracranial-intracranial bypass graft in Xuan Wu Hospital, the Capital Medical University from October 2000 to October 2009 were analyzed retrospectively. The angiographic data after the procedure, clinical symptoms, and xenon CT detecting the improvement of cerebral blood flow were followed-up. Results: Circled digit oneThe mean age of 217 patients was 42±13 years (86 females [39.6%], 131 males [60.4%]). All patients had ischemic symptoms six months before the procedure, including transient ischemic attack (117,53.9%), reversible ischemic neurological deficit (37,17.1%), and complete stroke (63,29.0%). All patients received hemodynamic evaluation before the procedure. It showed regional cerebral blood flow reduction in the affected vascular territory. Circled digit twoPreoperative angiography showed that there were 62 patients (28.6%) with moyamoya disease, 72(33.2%) with unilateral carotid artery occlusion, 57(26.3%) with unilateral middle cerebral artery occlusion, and 26 (12.0%) with carotid or middle cerebral artery severe stenosis which was difficult to be treated by intervention. Circled digit threeOf the 388 anastomoses, 380 was patent. The patency rate was 98.0%. After the procedure, 9 patients(4.1%) patients had intracranial hematoma, 1 (0.5%) died of intracranial hematoma caused cerebral hernia. Circled digit fourOf the 217 patients, 10(4.6%) were lost to follow-up. The mean follow-up period was 38±18 months in 172 patients. One year after the procedure, the clinical symptoms in 81 patients disappeared completely after the procedure. Circled digit fiveA total of 50 patients performed xenon CT for quantitative measurement of brain blood flow one month after the procedure. It showed that the regional cerebral blood flow was improved more significantly than that before the procedure (t = 3.312, P < 0.05). Conclusion: By the medium- and long-term clinical follow-up study for patients with chronic hemodynamic ischemic cerebrovascular disease after extracranial-intracranial bypass graft, it showed that the extracranial-intracranial bypass graft has better efficacy for patients with chronic ischemic cerebrovascular disease.

The partial segment of Marek′s disease virus (MDV) glycoprotein B (gB) gene was amplified by PCR. The segment was cloned into pET-28a vector to obtain the recombinant pET-gB plasmid. The recombinant plasmid was transformed into E.coli BL21,and expressed in very high level as inclusion body after induced with 1.0mmol/L IPTG. The inclusion body was solubilized in urea (8mol/L) . The purified protein was obtained by use of His?Bind affinity chromatography. Mice were immunized i.p. by the purified protein to make the polyclonal antibody. The titer of the antibody by indirect ELISA was 1?10~ -5 . Moreover, the analysis by western blot proved that antibody was specific to the recombinant protein. These works lay a favorable foundation for the study of the immune response by MDV gB.

Objective TostudytheextrahepaticinfectionandreplicationofhepatitisCvirusinthe patientswithhepatitisC .Methods HCVRNA ,intermediateofHCVreplication(minus strandofHCV RNA) ,andHCVantigensweredetectedbyreverse transcriptasepolymerasechainreaction(RT PCR) ,in situhybridization(ISH)andimmunohistochemistryin 38autopsyextrahepatictissuespecimens(including kidney ,heart,pancreas ,intestine ,adrenalgland ,spleen ,lymphnode,andgallbladder)from 9hepatitisC patients.Results ByRT PCR ,all 9patientswerepositiveforHCVRNAinkidney ,heart ,pancreas , andintestine .However,only 6 (6 6 .7% ) patientswerepositiveforintermediateofHCVreplication .The positiveratesofHCVRNAandHCVantigensinextrahepaticorgansotherthanspleenwere 5 5 .6 % (5 pa tients)and 6 6 .7% (6 patients)respectively .HCVRNAandHCVantigenswerepositiveinthefollowing cells:myocardialcells,epithelialcellsofintestine ,interstitialcellsofkidney ,epithelialcellsoftubulesand glomerulus ,pancreasacinarcellsandepithelialcellsofpancreaticduct,epithelialcellsofmucousmembrane sinusofgallbladder ,cortexandmedullacellsinadrenalgland ,andmononuclearcellsinlymphnode .Con clusion TheseresultsshowthatHCVreplicationexistsinvariousextraheptictissuecellsatlow level, whichmayhavecertainpathogeneticandclinicalsignificanceinthepatientswithHCVinfection .

Objectives To investigate fluoride in drinking waters and fluorosis status and evaluate the effectiveness of fluoride-reducing projects in Shaanxi Province from 2005 to 2007. Methods In the Shaanxi province-wide, the 10 endemic areas of fluorosis were chosen according to historical data as focusing areas for investigation. The village was considered as investigation spot, 5 water samples were collected from each village for investigating of fluoride content. Four water samples were collected from each fluoride-reducing project for evaluating its effectiveness. Fluoride concentrations in drinking water were measured by fluoride-selective electrode method or speetrophotometry. When fluoride content in drinking water was greater than 1.00 mg/L, the epidemical study wasd conducted to investigate fluorosis patients, focusing on investigating of dental fluorosis prevalence in 8 to 12-year-old children and skeletal fluorosis prevalence in adults. Dental fluorosis of children was diagnosed by using Dean's method, and adult skeletal fluorosis was diagnosed according to National Standard for Clinical Diagnosis of Endemic Skeletal Fiuorosis(GB 16396-1996). Results The fluoride content in drinking water from 6390 villages was measured. The fluoride content of drinking water of 2619 villages ranged from 1.0 to<2.0 mg/L, where 1 654 998 people exposed. Additionally, the fluoride content of water of 845 villages ranged from 2.0 to<4.0 mg/L, where 355 623 people exposed. Moreover, the fluoride contents of water of 272 villages exceeded 4.0 mg/L, where 111 466 people exposed. The median of fluoride content in drinking water was 1.15% in the whole province, and fluoride content in drinking water exceeded 1.00 mg/L in Weinan, Xianyang and Yulin where were concentrated distribution areas of high fluoride water. Among 3115 fluoride-reducing projects, the fluoride content of drinking water of 1269 projects ranged from 1.0 to<2.0 mg/L, where 1 415 877 people exposed. Additionally, the fluoride content of drinking water of 120 projects ranged from 2.0 to<4.0 mg/L, where 43 888 people exposed. Moreover, the fluoride content of drinking water of 14 projects exceeded 4.0 mg/L, where 5960 people exposed. The detectable rate of dental fluorosis of 8 to 12 year-old children and skeletal fluorosis of adults reached 37.4%(16 489/44 081) and 5.1%(15 877/310 993), respectively. Conclusions The widely distribution of high-fluoride in drinking water still contributes to the prevalence of fluorosis in Shaanxi Province. The quality of fluoride-reducing projects should be further improved.

Objective: To investigate the mechanism of butyrate,which is the by-products of diet fiber fermented in colon and induce the apoptosis of human colon cancer cell. Methods: The subculture of human colon cancer cell line SW1116 was cultured in medium with different concentration of butyrate(0、2 、3 、4、7 and 10 mmol/L).The mRNA and proteins of bcl-2 or bax in cell lines were detected respectively by RT-PCR and Western Blotting while the concentration of p53 protein and the activity of caspase-3 was detected by flow cytometer and fluorescent quantitative assay respectively after 6、24、48 and 72h cultivation.Results: There was no expression of bcl-2 mRNA and its protein in SW1116 cell during the study periods but the expression of bax mRNA and its protein,the p53 protein concentration and the caspase-3 activity increased gradually when the butyrate concentration was increased and the cultivation time was prolonged. Conclusion: By up-regulating the expression of bax mRNA and its protein,butyrate induce the apoptosis of colon cancer cell on a p53 dependent way.

Objectives: To investigate the effect of butyrate, the by-products of diet fiber fermented in colon, on the apoptosis of human colon cancer cell and its mechanism for colon cancer prevention. Methods: The subculture of human colon cancer cell line SW1116 was cultured in medium without or with different concentration of butyrate(2、3、4、7 and 10 mmol/L). The cell proliferation rate and apoptosis were measured by MTT and flow cytometer or electro-microscopy respectively after 6、24、48 and 72 cultivation. Results: By the increasing of butyrate concentration and cell culture time, the proliferation of SW1116 cell was inhibited gradually with a highest rate of 59.19% during the study period. The percent of G 1 cell was increased gradually whereas the percent of S cell was decreased. The apoptosis rate of SW1116 was increased gradually with a highest rate of 30.62% at the same time. The ultrastructure of SW1116 cell was changed after butyrate was added to culture medium. Conclusions: Butyrate could not only inhibit the proliferation of colon cancer cell line but also induce it apoptosis.

Hypoxia occurs in chronic and acute vascular diseases and tumor formation. The ability of tumor cells to maintain a balance between an adaptation to hypoxia and cell death is regulated by a family of transcription factors called hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1). Tumor hypoxia mediated by HIF-1 would facilitate the likelihood of resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, proliferation, metastasis and the invasive potential; all of which culminate in a decrease in patient survival. And HIF-1 alpha subunit decides the activity of HIF-1, which is regulated by oxygen. So understanding the role of HIF in signal pathway, drug resistance mechanism and its feature is crucial for developing novel anticancer therapies. In recent years, more attentions have focused on HIF-1 alpha inhibitors. It is expected that development of more potent and selective HIF inhibitors will provide an effective treatment of cancer and other HIF-related diseases. So we will focus on the biological characteristics and mechanism of HIF-1 to review currently studied HIF-1 inhibitors.
Cell Death ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Oxygen ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction

Animals ; Ginkgo biloba ; chemistry ; Lung ; blood supply ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; drug therapy ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

This article systematically summarizes the non-clinical safety studies, pharmacological studies and postmarketing safety studies of Xiyanping injection based on literature. These studies include acute toxicity test, long-term toxicity test, reproductive toxicity test, active and passive anaphylaxis test, curative mechanism study, clinical trials of effectiveness, active surveillance, security analysis of passive monitoring data, the real world analysis of hospital information system (HIS) data, literature analysis, etcetera This article also analysis the relationship of the different evidence, summarizes the strategy of the researches, in order to make it to be a reference for making a systemic research program of traditional Chinese medicine injection.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Injections ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Product Surveillance, Postmarketing