Objective To investigate photo-protective effect of NS398 on above cells damaged from UV irradiation.Methods HaCaT cell and HaCaT keratinocytes were incubated in the culture medium supplemented with different concentration of NS398 for 2h before diffierent dosages of UV irradiation.MTT assay was used to detect cell proliferation and cellular activity:Fluorospectrophotometer assay was used to measure the change of ROS level in the cells which were UV-mediated.Resuits After irradiation with UV,proliferation and cellular activity of HaCaT cells were decreased(P＜0.05);NS398 reduced the generation of ROS in cells induced by UV irradiation apparently and the cell apoptotic rate was dependent on the concentration of NS398. Conclusion NS398 might play an important role in the treatment of UV irradiation injury by decreasing the generation 0f ROS in cells after UV irradiation and increasing the survival ability of HaCaT cells.

Objective To report the surgical approach for the treatment of giant or extensive skin lesions due to the infection of human papilloma virus (HPV). Method Surgical treatment was performed for 10 patients with verruca vulgris, 20 with condyloma acuminatum, and 8 with epidermodyplasia verruciformis, whose giant or extensive lesions were poorly responsive to routine non-surgical therapy. Results Recurrence of lesions was found in 2 of 10 patients with verruca vulgris and 5 of 20 condyloma acuminatum in 6 months after operation, with a total recurrent rate of 25%. The extensive skin lesions were removed and the functions of affected limbs were recovered in patients with epidermodyplasia verruciformis after operation, however, the long-term topical retinoids was needed to control the recurrence of the lesions. Conclusion Surgical approach is effective for the treatment of the giant or extensive skin lesions due to HPV infection.

AIM: To evaluate the relationship between coexpression of EGFR and ERK2 on the level of protein and mRNA and activation of ERK2 in lung squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). METHODS: Twenty cases of lung squamous cell carcinomas and their paired normal lung tissues were studied. The expression of mRNA and protein of EGFR and ERK2 was measured by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and Western blotting, respectively. The activity of ERK2 was detected by immunoprecipitation and kinase reaction. RESULTS: The results showed that the expression of EGFR mRNA and protein in paired normal lung tissues was hardly detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively, but in 20 cases of lung SCCs their expression was upregulated significantly. Compared with normal lung tissues, the expression of ERK2 mRNA and protein in lung cancer tissues was also upregulated significantly, the latter increased about 3-5-fold, and the activity of ERK2 in lung SCCs was also markedly activated. CONCLUSIONS: These data highlight that the overexpression of ERK2 and EGFR protein occurs simultaneously in lung SCCs, which mainly results from the increasing level of gene transcription, the increased activity of ERK2 in lung cancer tissues perhaps attributes to the upregulation of coexpression of EGFR and ERK2. [

AimTo study the effect of extracts of ginkgo biloba leaves(GbE) on apoptosis in neuronal cells. Methods Primary cerebral cultures from rat fetus were used to observe the activity of neuronal cells and to determine the release of LDH and DNA gel electrophoresis. Results Gb E enhanced the activity of neuronal cells, decresed the release of LDH,and relieved the structural changes of nucleus and DNA fragmentation. Conclusion GbE can inhibit apoptosis in neuronal cells.

AIM: To investigate the frequency and pattern of deletion of p53 gene in primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its clinical significance. METHODS: The interphase dual fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) technique was applied to detect loss of p53 gene in HCCs. RESULTS: The deletion of p53 gene was found in 68.0% of HCCs whereas no loss of p53 gene was detected in 40 mated normal liver specimens. Loss of p53 gene was closely related to tumor size and serum ?-fetoprotein(AFP) level in HCC patients ( P 0.05). The 2-year survival rate of postoperative HCC patients was significantly lower in the HCC cases with p53 gene deletion (25.6%) than those without p53 gene loss (69.6%) ( ? 2=11.463, P

AIM:To explore whether histamine can regulate the expression of early growth response factor-1 (Egr-1) in the cerebral cortex astrocytes.METHODS:Normal wild-type (WT) mice, histidine decarboxylase knockout ( HDC-KO) mice and histamine treated HDC-KO mice were sacrificed for extracting the total RNA of the cerebral cortex. Primary cultured rat cortical astrocytes were treated with histamine at concentrations of 10 -8 , 10 -7 , 10 -6 , 10 -5 or 10 -4 mol/L for 15, 30, 60, 120 or 240 min.H1 or H2 receptor antagonists were pretreated for 15 min before histamine treat-ment.After histamine treatment, the cell total RNA or protein was extracted.The expression of Egr-1 at mRNA and protein levels was determined by real-time PCR and Western blot.RESULTS:The mRNA level of Egr-1 in cerebral cortex of HDC-KO mice was significantly lower than that in WT mice, while exogenous histamine induced the mRNA expression of Egr-1 in HDC-KO mice.In cultured astrocytes, histamine induced the mRNA expression of Egr-1.The maximum increase in the mRNA level of Egr-1 was produced by histamine at concentration of 10 -5 mol/L.In addition, histamine-induced Egr-1 mRNA accumulation peaked at 30 min after commencing stimulation, while histamine significantly increased Egr-1 protein expression at 60 min.Furthermore, histamine-induced Egr-1 expression was inhibited by H1 receptor antagonist but not H2 receptor antagonist.CONCLUSION:Histamine up-regulates the Egr-1 expression in cerebral cortex and cultured astrocytes, which may attribute to H1 receptor activation.

Objective To explore whether 5 to -7-day of folic acid supplementation prior to pemetrexed therapy is needed. Methods We retrospectively evaluate the outcomes of non-small cell lung cancer patients received less than the advised folic acid premedication. Seventy patients with Ⅲ-Ⅳ NSCLC were randomly divided into two groups: patients who initiated vitamin supplementation on 7 days before the first dose of pemetrexed (group A) and patients who initiated vitamin supplementation on the day of the first dose of pemetrexed (group B). Results In group A and group B, CR 0 and 0, PR 10 and 8, the response rates of 28.6% and 22.9% were observed, respectively. There was no statistically significant differences between these two groups. No significant differences were observed in the incidence of hematologic and non-hematologic toxicities. Conclusions The initiation of pemetrexed-based chemotherapy does not need to accommodate a vitamin supplementation schedule.

Objective To investigate the CT perfusion imaging and the pathological features on the disturbance of regional cerebral microcirculation in a pre-infarction period, and to evaluate the relationship between the astrocytes and regional cerebral microcirculation. Methods Dynamic CT perfusion imaging of the models with regional cerebral hypoperfusion and astrocytic swelling in rats was performed to assess the presence or absence of the disturbance of regional cerebral microcirculation. Then, the histopathologic examination was made for both models, respectively. The ratios of side-to-side were measured at hypoperfusion areas in the models of regional cerebral ischemia. Results Regional hypoperfusion was revealed by regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and mean transit time (MTT) maps in the group of hypoperfusion for 6 hours. Regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV) and time-to-peak (TTP) maps were normal in that group. The ratios of rCBF, rCBV, MTT and TTP were 0 39-0 55, 0 92-1 00, 1 20-1 50 and 1 00-1 00 respectively. Astrocytic swelling pressing the capillary wall was obvious and subtle neuronal reversible degeneration was occasionally found. TTC stain was normal. In the tACPD group of astrocytic swelling, the abnormal hemodynamic regions on rCBF and MTT maps were found. The rCBV maps of 3 rats in the tACPD group showed the area of reduced rCBV. In 2 rats of tACPD group, the areas of delayed TTP were also found. The ratios of rCBF, rCBV, MTT and TTP were 0 25-0 44, 0 70-1 01, 1 20-2 00 and 1 02-1 45 respectively. TTC stain was negative. Electron microscope study revealed remarkable swelling of astrocytes, especially endfoot processes of astrocytes around capillaries. The abnormal hemodynamic region on rCBF and MTT maps matched with abnormal extent on histopathologic examination. The rCBV and TTP maps appeared normal. Conclusion The astrocytes can react in a way faster than the neurons in the pre-infarction period, viz. astrocytic swelling. The swelling of astrocytic foot, which pressed capillary vessel, induced the disturbance of regional cerebral microcirculation, and then aggravated hypoxic ischemic state in regional brain parenchyma. Perfusion CT and its parameters' analysis may play an increasing role to delineate the reversible hypoperfusion areas in pre-infarction period. Analyzing the relationship of rCBF and rCBV is very helpful to know the status of the capillary vessels in regional cerebral hypoperfusion area.

AIM To study the effect of bioactive compounds from entomogenous fungi (BCEF0083) on sleep-wakefulness cycle and behaviour in chronic unpredictable stress model of depression in rats. METHODS The effect of BCEF0083 on sleep-wakefulness cycle and behaviour was examined in the chronic unpredictable stress model of depression in rats. Stereotaxic and polysomnography were used to record the sleep-wakefulness cycle. The behaviour of rats was tested in the open field. RESULTS BCEF0083 increased ambulation and rearing score of chronic unpredictable stressed rats in the open field. BCEF0083 attenuated REMS percent and latency in chronic stressed rats obviously. CONCLUSION BCEF0083 can ameliate sleep-wakefulness cycle and behaviour in chronic unpredictable stress model of depression in rats.

Biomarkers, Tumor ; Humans ; Kidney ; Kidney Neoplasms ; Neoplasms