Objective To assess whether FICE or IC is more effective at detecting colonic diseases.Method We searched PubMed, CINAHL, CQVIP and the Cochrane Library databases for relevant papers published between January 2008 and August 2013 using the following keywords: lfexible spectral imaging color enhancement, indigo carmine, colonoscope, colonic lesions, colon tumor and chromoendoscopy. We included eight articles, and all data were subdivided for analysis.Results We used odds ratios (OR^s) with 95 % conifdence intervals (CIs) to assess correlations between the detection methods and detection rates. The detection rates did not signiifcantly differ between FICE and IC for colonic tumor lesions (OR^ = 0.90, 95 % CI: 0.76~1.08,P = 0.255), non-tumor lesions (OR^ = 1.09, 95 % CI: 0.92~1.30,P = 0.302), adenomas (OR^ = 0.87, 95 % CI: 0.72~1.07,P = 0.188), non-neoplastic polyps (OR^ = 0.84, 95 % CI: 0.67~1.06,P = 0.146), lfat lesions (OR^ = 0.87, 95 % CI: 0.71~1.08,P = 0.203), protruded lesions (OR^= 1.23, 95 % CI: 0.93 ~ 1.64,P = 0.153), right colon lesions (OR^ = 0.83, 95 % CI: 0.60 ~ 1.14,P =0.251), transverse colon lesions (OR^ = 0.71, 95 % CI: 0.48~1.05,P = 0.086), or left colon lesions (OR^ = 1.35, 95 % CI: 1.01 ~ 1.80,P = 0.045).Conclusions There were no signiifcant differences in the rate of colonic lesion detection between FICE and IC except the left colon. Therefore, providers should choose a suitable inspection method based on the resources of the hospital.

Objective To explore the ultrasonographic characteristics and methodology characteristics of fetal limb deformities . Methods A retrospective analysis was made on 6 336 pregnant women accepting systematic prenatal ultrasonography during the period of May 2010 to May 2012 in the General Hospital of Chengdu Military Region .The long bones of the upper and lower limbs were scanned by using the systematic continuous sequence approach (SCSA) and by adding the arc rotaryprocess for observing the hands and feet ,fetal limbs morphology ,structure ,posture and movement ,etc .were dynamically observed .The suspected position or fetal limb deformities were examined with three-dimensional(3D) ultrasonography as the supplementary .The prenatal ultrasound examination results of fetal limb deformities were analyzed .Results Among 6 336 pregnant women ,20 cases of fetal limb deformi-ties were confirmed by induced labor or after birth ,18 cases were diagnosed by the prenatal ultrsound ,including 5 cases of short limbs deformity ,3 cases of fatal dwarf ,1 case of phocomelia ,1 case of double radiuses absence ,1 case of unilateral hand missing ,1 case of double shank absence ,2 cases of polydactyly ,3 cases of foot varus and 1 case of overlapping finger .2 cases of missed diagno-sis were multiple fingers and overlapping finger .Conclusion The abnormality of terminal fingers(toes) number and posture is easy to be missed diagnosis ,which are the difficulty and the key point of examination .

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics and genetic mutation types of the Mediterranean anemia in Guangxi region in the early neonatal period.Methods The observation group was the children who hospitalized in the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomons Region during the period of January 2013 and November 2015,and diagnosed Mediterranean anemia were 85 cases.And 85 newborns that were in the hospital at the same time were selected as the control group.The matching condition between the observation group and the control group was the gestational age.We retrospectively analyzed the general situation (birth weight and gender) and the treatment procedure (the characteristic of blood routine examinations;the day-old of the onset of anemia;the endurance of jaundice;assisted ventilation;the time of oxygen therapy;the dayold of enteral feeding;the blood transfusion times) of the two groups.And the gene was detected in the observation group.Results The observation group's days of life [(13.00 ± 3.79) d] of the oral feeding were higher than that [(9.33 ± 1.95) d] of the control group's (t =2.730,P ＜ 0.05);the observation group's frequency [(3.0 ± 1.0) times] of the blood transfusion was higher than that [(1.0 ± 0.2) times] of the control group's (t =4.268,P ＜ 0.05).The observation group's days of life [(4 ± 1) d] of anaemic onset was shorter than that [(8 ± 2) d] of the control group's (t =-3.258,P ＜ 0.05).The mean corpuscular volume [(80 ± 12) fl] in the blood routine of the observation group was smaller than that [(91 ± 28) fl] of the control group (t =6.712,P ＜ 0.05).In the observation group,the mother's age of pregnancy was (29.19 ± 0.91) years,the birth weight of the newborns was (2.356 ± 0.748) kg,the service time of the ventilator was (7.11 ± 5.07) h,the time of continue positive airway pressure was (27.40 ± 15.17) h,the time of the oxygen provision was (84.98 ± 30.65) h,the time of duration of the jaundice last was (10 ± 3) d;and in the control group,the mother's age of pregnancy was (27.9i ± 0.88) years,the birth weight of the newborns was (2.507 ± 0.783) kg,the service time of the ventilator was (6.21 ± 2.55) h,the time of continue positive airway pressure was (9.64 ± 4.89) h,the time of the oxygen provision was(63.07 ± 21.87) h,the time of duration of the jaundice last was (15 ± 2) d.The parameters showed above were not statistically different between the two groups (all P ＞ 0.05).In 85 cases the detection of α-thalassemia in 60 cases,24 patients with β-thalassemia,1 cases of α-thalassemia combined with β-thalassemia.The logistic regression analysis showed that the age of the oral feeding completely (OR =0.233,95％ CI =0.081-0.673) and the times of blood transfusion (OR =6.621,95％ CI =2.777-15.784) were the independence factors of the Mediterranean anemia.Conclusion The early clinical performance of Mediterranean anemia is lack of specificity,and we must improve genetic testing and regulate blood transfusion as soon as possible to the one who has anemia and other clinical manifestations within a week immediately following birth or who is suspected of Mediterranean anemia patients by the blood routine examination.

Objective To investigate the effect of Octreotide on pancreatic head carcinoma patients with obstructive jaundice who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with pancreatic stent placement.Methods Niney-nine patients hospitalized in Department of Gastroenterology of Wuhan Central Hospital from Jan 2006 to Dec 2011 were included in this study.All the patients were diagnosed as pancreatic head carcinoma with obstructive jaundice.The patients were randomly divided into the Octreotide treatment group and the control group.Both groups underwent ERCP with pancreatic duct stent placement for malignant biliary obstruction.The patients in Octreotide treatment group were injected with subcutaneous Octreotide at a dose of 0.1 mg twice per day for more than 90 day till death.The changes of serum total bilirubin before and after treatment were compared.The improvement of symptoms of nausea,vomiting,abdominal pain,diarrhea and anorexia was compared.The complication rates and survival were also determined.Results Postoperative recurrence of jaundice was observed in six patients in control group,and the cause may be stent occlusion,and 3 of the 6 patients underwent a second ERCP and stent placement,then jaundice was relieved,the other 3 patients did not receive a second ERCP.The serum bilirubin level in the remaining 45 patients returned to basically normal value (below 2 times of the normal value).The prevalence of nausea,vomiting,abdominal pain,diarrhea and anorexia in the 2 groups was not statistically different before treatment,and after treatment the prevalence of symptoms in the 2 groups was significantly decreased except for diarrhea.The decrease in Octreotide treatment group was more obvious than that in control group,and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.01).In the control group,post-ERCP pancreatitis occurred in three patients,and all were cured after treatment.There was no post-ERCP pancreatitis occurred in the Octreotide treatment group.Minor pain at the injection site was noted in three patients in the Octreotide treatment group.Pain was relieved after changing the injection site.The survival was significantly longer in the Octreotide group than that in control group [(14.4 ± 8.7) months vs (7.3 ± 5.3) months,P ＜ 0.05),and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Octreotide can improve the quality of life and increase the survival of patients with pancreatic head carcinoma who undergo ERCP with pancreatic duct stent placement.

Objective To explore the change of serum insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF-2) and its relationship with clinical characteristics in patients with schizophrenia. Methods Fifty-one schizophrenic patients were recruited in the present study and 50 healthy volunteers served as controls. The serum IGF-2 level was measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) was used to evaluate the psychotic symp?toms of patients. Trail Making Test-A (TMTA), Digit-Symbol Coding Test (DSCT), Continuous Performance Test (CPT) and Stroop Color-Word Test (SCWT) were used to evaluate the cognitive function of both groups. Results There were sig?nificant differences in the results of TMTA, DSCT, CPT and SCWT between patient and control groups. The serum levels of IGF-2 were significantly lower in patients than that in controls [(202.7±40.7) ng/mL vs. (365.9±65.5) ng/mL, P<0.01]. The levels of serum IGF-2 were not significantly different between first-episode and recurrent schizophrenic patients (P>0.05). Furthermore, significant correlations were found between the serum IGF-2 level and the negative symptom sub?scale of PANSS (r=-0.397, P=0.004), CPT score (r=0.378, P=0.006), SCWT-word number (r=0.289, P=0.040), SC? WT-color number (r=0.327, P=0.019) and SCWT-word/color number (r=0.386, P=0.005) in schizophrenic patients. Con?clusion The serum IGF-2 levels of patients with schizophrenia are significantly lower than that of healthy controls, and the IGF-2 level is associated with the severity of negative symptoms and cognitive impairments in patients, indicating that serum IGF-2 might be an indicator of the severity of schizophrenia.

Objective To assess the diagnostic value of contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in liver metastases. Methods Thirty-six patients were examined with conventional ultrasonography, then underwent continuous real-time CEUS with low mechanical index. The size, location, number and perfusion patterns of liver metastases were evaluated. Results In 36 patients, 67 liver metastases were found with conventional ultrasound and 106 liver metastasis were found with CEUS. The perfusion patterns of lesions were in four types: ①Thirty-seven lesions (34.91%) showed as total enhancement during the early arterial phase and hypoechoic appearance during the portal venous phase and the late phase;②Fifty-six lesions (52.83%) showed a peripheral rim-like hyperechonic enhancement during the arterial phase and fast wash-out in the portal phase;③Twelve lesions (11.32%) showed as isoechoic enhancement during the arterial phase and the portal phase and was hypoechoic in the late phase;④One lesion (0.94%) showed hypoechoic appearance during all phases. The dimension of the lesions played an important role in the perfusion patterns. Conclusion The enhancement pattern and time of lesions are closely correlated with the tumor arterial supply. CEUS has high value in diagnosing liver metastases.

High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a highly conserved and evolutionarily non-histone chromosomal protein that is modified by different PTMs,such as acetylation,glycosylation,phosphorylation,ADP-ribosylation,methylation and oxidation,which induces HMGB1 translocation to the cytosol or releases to the extracellular secretion following various stimuli,and its biological function also changes with the location change.This review aims to summarize the structure,the effect of PTMs on HMGB1 location and function.

OBJECTIVETo observe the different extracts from Radix Isatidis on multiplication of mice lymphocytes.

METHODLymphocytes were separated and cultured. Immunological activities of different extracts from Radix Isatidis were studied by thermodynamics and the results were tested by the conventional pharmacological experiments.

RESULTThe results showed that the water extract and residue had significant immunological effects while organic solvent extracts had immunological activity to some extent.

CONCLUSIONThe comparison of immunological activity among the extracts from Radix Isatidis were as follows: residue after extracting > general extract > nBuOH extract > EtOAc extract > CHCl3 extract > P E extract.

Animals ; Calorimetry ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Isatis ; chemistry ; Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; Male ; Mice ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

Objective To investigate the influencing factors for the psychological burden of depressive patients' caregivers. Methods We enrolled the chief caregivers of depressive patients who were hospitalized in Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital as our subjects. We investigated them by Caregiver Burden Inventory, Social Support Revalued Scale (SSRS) , Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and Suicide Risk Assessment Scale, and learned influencing factors for the psychological burden of these caregivers by multiple linear regression analysis. Results We totally enrolled 101 subjects and collected 96 questionnaires (95.04%) . The 96 respondents scored (24.88±12.94) points in the psychological burden and 54 of which scored more than 20 points, accounted for 56.25%. The positive rate of mental pressure was 65.63%, which was the lowest; the positive rate of social burden was 93.75%, which was the highest. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the objective support (β=-1.856, P=0.002), subjective support (β=0.526, P=0.008) and high suicidal score of depressive patients (β=0.290, P=0.048) were the influencing factors for the psychological burden of depressive patients' caregivers. Conclusion More than half of the caregivers have psychological burden, which is associated with objective support, subjective support and high suicidal score of depressive patients.