This study was carried out to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and free radical scavenging activities of flavans from flex centrochinensis S. Y. Hu in vitro and their structure-activity relationship. LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage was used as inflammatory model. MTT assay for cell availability, Griess reaction for nitric oxide (NO) production, the content of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6 and PGE, were detected with ELISA kits; DPPH, superoxide anion and hydroxyl free radicals scavenging activities were also investigated. According to the result, all flavans tested exhibited anti-inflammatory effect in different levels. Among them, compounds 1, 3, 4 and 6 showed potent anti-inflammatory effect through the inhibition of NO, TNF-alpha, IL-lp and IL-6, of which 1 was the most effective inhibitor, however, 2 and 5 were relatively weak or inactive. The order of free radical scavenging activities was similar to that of anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore, these results suggest that 3, 4 and 6, especially of 1, were,in part responsible for the anti-inflammatory and free radical scavenging activity of Ilex centrochinensis. Hydroxyl group at 4'-position of B-ring plays an important role in the anti-inflammatory and free radical scavenging capacities.
Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; immunology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Flavanones ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Free Radical Scavengers ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Ilex ; chemistry ; Interleukin-6 ; immunology ; Macrophages ; drug effects ; immunology ; Mice ; Nitric Oxide ; immunology ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; immunology

Objective To investigate the prevalence and the related factors of allergic rhinitis in Xinjiang College students.Methods Five universities'students in Urumqi were chosen as the research subjects,the question-naire survey was conducted by the method of cluster sampling,and the results were analyzed.Results 1 609 ques-tionnaires were valid from 2 000 questionnaires.The prevalence rate of allergic rhinitis was 36.8% in the five univer-sities in Urumqi.Prevalence rate increased with grade.The prevalence rates of drinking,regular cleaning nasal cavity, scrubbing their nose in allergic rhinitis were 43.2%,40.7%,53.8% respectively,which were higher than those in not drinking,not regular cleaning nasal cavity,not scrub nose,the differences were statistically significant (χ2 =6.945,9.679,100.845,all P <0.05 ).There was no significant differences in the prevalence of allergic rhinitis among college students and gender,nationality and BMI(all P >0.05).Conclusion Allergic rhinitis not only closely related to the grades and the environmental factors,but also has some connections with living habits(drink,clean nasal cavity and scrub noses).

Objective To study the relationship between homocysteine (Hcy) and hypersensitive c-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level and mental behaviors of Alzheimer's disease (AD).Methods During the period from 2014 January to 2016 January,20 subjects were selected from inpatients of the third hospital of yunnan porvince,before and after treatment,the plasma levels of Hcy and hs-CRP in patients with AD were tested by enzymatic methods.The pathological behavior rating scale (concerns-AD) was used to estimate the treatment effect.Results There were significant differences in the mental behavior score and Hcy and CRP levels between the before and after the treatment in AD patients (P＜0.01) Conclusion Plasma levels of Hcy and CRP have correlation with mental behaviors of patients with AD.

OBJECTIVETo establish determination method of formic acid, lactic acid, acetic acid and succinic acid in dental plaque with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

METHODSAfter the samples were centrifuged, 2 microL supernatant was transferred to a 1 mL centrifuge tube and diluted in water, then was determined with HPLC. The mixture of phosphate buffer and methanol (97:3) as mobile phase throughout the experiment. The determination of organic acid was performed on Phenomenex C18 column and at their maximum absorption wave.

RESULTSThe linear ranges of formic acid, lactic acid, acetic acid and succinic acid were 0.110-500, 0.049-500, 0.047-500, 0.084-500 microg/mL. The detection limits were 0.110, 0.049, 0.047, 0.084 microg/mL. The relative standard derivation were 9.5%, 7.9%, 4.3%, 4.2%. The average recoveries of samples were 82%-112%, 82%-102.5%, 90%-115%, 80%-110%.

CONCLUSIONThe method was simple, quick and adapt for analysis of organic acid in dental plaque.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Dental Plaque ; Formates

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of sensory neuropeptide substance P combined with epidermal stem cells (ESC) on wound healing and nerve regeneration in diabetic rats.

METHODSESC that had been isolated from SD rats were identified and cultured in vitro, and they were inoculated onto nourishing layer of amniotic membrane to construct amniotic membrane-ESC. Four full-thickness skin wounds were produced on the back of each of 48 diabetic rats. The resulted 192 wounds were randomly divided into ESC + substance P group, ESC group, substance P group, and control group according to the lottery method, with 48 wounds in each group. Wounds in ESC + substance P group and ESC group were transplanted with amniotic membrane-ESC, and those in substance P group and control group were transplanted with amniotic membrane. After transplantation, 250 µL substance P in the concentration of 1 × 10(-7) mol/L was injected around and into the middle of the wounds in ESC + substance P group and substance P group, 2 times a day, and continued for 4 days, while 250 µL PBS solution was injected in the above-mentioned position in ESC group and control group as control, 2 times a day, and continued for 4 days. On post injury day (PID) 4, 7, 10, 14, 17, and 23, the wound healing rate (with 8 wounds at each time point) was observed and determined, and changes in wound tissue structure were observed with HE staining. On PID 4, 7, and 10, collagen distribution in wound tissue was observed with Masson staining, and type I and type III collagen deposition in wound tissue was respectively observed after immunohistochemical staining. The distribution of protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) and regeneration of substance P positive nerve fibers in wound tissue were observed with immunohistochemical staining on PID 14 and 23. Data were processed with one-way analysis of variance and t test.

RESULTS(1) The wound healing rate in ESC + substance P group reached 100.0% on PID 14, which was obviously earlier than that in ESC group, substance P group, and control group, healing was respectively observed on PID 17, 17, and 23. The wound healing quality in ESC + substance P group was better than that in the other three groups as shown by HE staining. (2) On PID 10, collagen that was darkly stained and widely distributed was observed in wound tissue of ESC + substance P group and substance P group, while collagen in the other two groups was lightly stained and narrowly distributed. Deposition quantity of type I collagen gradually increased, and that of type III collagen gradually decreased in the wounds of each group over time. On PID 4, 7, and 10, distribution amount of type I collagen in wound tissue of ESC + substance P group was significantly higher than that in ESC group (with t value respectively 32.72, 118.21, 26.71, P values all below 0.01) and control group (with t value respectively 44.37, 22.76, 30.32, P values all below 0.01), while there was no significance between ESC + substance P group and substance P group. On PID 4, 7, and 10, distribution amount of type III collagen in wound tissue of ESC + substance P group was significantly higher than that in ESC group (with t value respectively 32.27, 28.68, 14.51, P values all below 0.01) and control group (with t value respectively 35.68, 22.52, 22.24, P values all below 0.01). (3) A large amount of PGP 9.5 and regeneration of substance P positive nerve fibers, and some peripheral nerve fibers in deep wound extending to epidermis were observed in wound tissue of ESC + substance P group and substance P group. A small amount of PGP 9.5 and regeneration of substance P positive nerve fibers without peripheral nerve fibers extending to epidermis were observed in deep wound tissue of ESC group and control group. On PID 14, 23, ratios of area of PGP 9.5 positive nerve fiber in the wounds of ESC + substance P group were (3.86 ± 0.25)% and (7.03 ± 0.28)%, and they were significantly higher than those of ESC group [(1.48 ± 0.30)%, (3.01 ± 0.43)%, with t value respectively 23.95, 30.27, P values all below 0.01] and control group [(1.46 ± 0.23)%, (2.84 ± 0.29)%, with t value respectively 27.35, 40.32, P values all below 0.01]. On PID 14, 23, ratios of substance P positive nerve fiber area in the wounds of ESC + substance P group were (2.01 ± 0.14)% and (1.19 ± 0.11)%, which were obviously higher than those of ESC group [(0.85 ± 0.17)%, (1.34 ± 0.21)%, with t value respectively 20.50, 2.60, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01] and control group [(0.74 ± 0.15)%, (1.30 ± 0.17)%, with t value respectively 23.98, 2.41, P < 0.05 or P < 0.01].

CONCLUSIONSJoint application of substance P and ESC can effectively promote healing of wound and nerve regeneration in diabetic rats.

Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; pathology ; Epithelial Cells ; cytology ; Nerve Regeneration ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; Substance P ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Wound Healing

One approach to apply precision agriculture to optimize crop production and environmental quality is identifying management zones. In this paper, the variables of soil electrical conductivity (EC) data, cotton yield data and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data in an about 15 ha field in a coastal saline land were selected as data resources, and their spatial variabilities were firstly analyzed and spatial distribution maps constructed with geostatistics technique. Then fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm was used to define management zones, fuzzy performance index (FPI) and normalized classification entropy (NCE) were used to determine the optimal cluster numbers. Finally one-way variance analysis was performed on 224 georeferenced soil and yield sampling points to assess how well the defined management zones reflected the soil properties and productivity level. The results reveal that the optimal number of management zones for the present study area was 3 and the defined management zones provided a better description of soil properties and yield variation. Statistical analyses indicate significant differences between the chemical properties of soil samples and crop yield in each management zone, and management zone 3 presented the highest nutrient level and potential crop productivity, whereas management zone 1 the lowest. Based on these findings, we conclude that fuzzy c-means clustering approach can be used to delineate management zones by using the given three variables in the coastal saline soils, and the defined management zones form an objective basis for targeting soil samples for nutrient analysis and development of site-specific application strategies.
Cluster Analysis ; Crops, Agricultural ; Electric Conductivity ; Soil

Diving medicine is one of the branches of military medicine, and plays an important role in naval development. This review introduces the progress of researches on undersea and hyperbaric physiology and medicine in the past few years in China. The article describes our research achievement in conventional diving and its medical support, researches on saturation diving and its medical support, submarine escape and its medical support, effects of hyperbaric environments and fast buoyancy ascent on immunological and cardiological functions. Diving disorders (including decompression sickness and oxygen toxicity) are also introduced.
China ; Decompression Sickness ; Diving ; physiology ; Humans ; Military Medicine ; Submarine Medicine

OBJECTIVETo analyze the complication rate and survival rate of the patients whose graft-recipient weight ratio (GRWR) less than 0.8% following living donor liver transplantation (LDLT).

METHODSThere were 92 consecutive LDLT patients from January 2001 to December 2007 in West China Hospital, Sichuan University. There were 85 males and 7 females aged from 18 to 65 years old (averaged, 42 years old) and among which 89 patients were involved in the study. There were 15 patients whose GRWR less than 0.8% (group 1), while other 74 recipients were in group 2. Comparing the two groups' complication rates and survival rates and finding out the potential influencing factor of small-size-graft recipients' survival rate.

RESULTSThe survival rates of group 1 and group 2 were 73.3% (11/15) and 71.6% (53/74), respectively. The grade II-V complication rates of group 1 and group 2 were 46.7% (7/15) and 48.6% (36/74), respectively. There were no difference in survival rates (chi(2) = 0.058, P = 0.811) and complication rates (chi(2) = 0.000, P = 1.000) between the two groups. Ascites volume of group 1 and group 2 were (1532 +/- 322) ml and (1466 +/- 110) ml, respectively (t = 0.234, P = 0.815). The condition of the graft's middle hepatic vein had significant influence on small-size-liver recipients' survival rates (chi(2) = 6.821, P = 0.009).

CONCLUSIONSGRWR < 0.8% is not the limitation of the living donor liver transplantation but the outflow tract of the graft must be unobstructed.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Graft Survival ; Humans ; Liver Transplantation ; Living Donors ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Analysis ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVESince 2011 EB-APS conference, we hypotheses that phase switching of inspiration-expiration is dominantly initiated by oscillatory information PaO2, PaCO2 and [H+] via fast peripheral chemical receptors. However, the evidence of the waveform of ABG is lack.

METHODSSix surgery patients with normal heart function and negative Allen test, had been placed the arterial catheterization directly connected to 3 x 1 000 mm pre-heparin plastic pipe for continuous collecting arterial blood. We counted the number of heart beat for the blood collecting time, and separated the blood pipe into the heart beat numbers' short pieces using haemostatic forceps, then put pipe into iced water at once fir analyzing PaO2, PaCO2, pH and SaO2 as soon as possible. We selected two breaths cycles of waveform from each patient for data calculations of magnitudes and time interval.

RESULTSThe heart beat numbers for filling blood into pipe were 16 ± 2, and all covered more than 2 breathing cycles. Each breathing cycle is cover 5 ± 0.6 heart beat. There were significant changes of PaO2, PaCO2, [H+] a and SaO2 (i.e. the highest high values compare to the next lowest values, P < 0.05). The time interval of changing PaO2, PaCO2, [H+]a and SaO2 magnitudes were 11.28 ± 1.13 mmHg, 1.77 ± 0.89 mmHg, 1.14 ± 0.35 nmol/L and 0.52% ± 0.44% respectively.

CONCLUSIONThis simple continuous beat-by-beat arterial blood sampling and ABG analyzing method is new and practicable. We obtain a clear evidence of periodic parameters ABG waveform, which following breathing cycle.

Arteries ; physiology ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Monitoring, Physiologic ; methods ; Respiration

OBJECTIVETo analyze risk factors of marginal donors in living donor liver transplantation.

METHODS98 living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) patients over the 7-year period from 2001 to 2007 in our transplantation center were retrospected. Potential risk factors, including donor age, gender-mismatch, steatotic donors and graft-recipient weight ratio (GRWR), and their relationship with 6-month patient survival rate were analyzed.

RESULTSThe 4 patients received livers with more than 30% steatosis died within 6 months, and 6-month survival rate was 91.7% in patients received livers with less than 30% steatosis. The 6-month survival rate was 86.9% and 87.8% in patients with grafts of GRWR more than 0.8% and in patients with graft of GRWR less than 0.8%, respectvely (x2=0.022, P more than 0.05), however, middle hepatic vein reconstruction significantly affected the survival rate of small-size-liver recipients (x2=10.612, P less than 0.01). Donor age and gender-mismatch were not associated with the survival rate of recipients (P more than 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSSteatosis is an important risk factor in living donor liver transplantation. Lower GRWR is not a limitation but we must reconsider its importance in liver transplantation. The donor age and gender-mismatch are not associated with the survival rate of recipients.

Humans ; Liver Transplantation ; Living Donors ; Organ Size ; Risk Factors