Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Lacrimal Apparatus ; immunology ; Lymphocytes ; immunology ; Male ; Mucous Membrane ; immunology

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Complement C3 ; metabolism ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A ; blood ; Male ; Silicosis ; blood ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood

Adolescent ; Anti-Asthmatic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Asthma ; blood ; drug therapy ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Glucocorticoids ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Infant ; Interleukin-23 ; blood ; Male

Problem-based learning(PBL)is an important part of creative education in medical colleges.Choice and design of cases are of the vital importance to success or failure of PBL course.To enhance students' ability of independent,creative thinking,and their ability of analyzing and solving problems,the roles of primitive cases and model cases as well as interrelation between them were discussed respective- ly.Moreover,five basic principles to be followed in model case design for PBL in Medical Microbiology and Human Parasitology,i.e.objec- tivity,flexibility,consistency,illumination and relevance,were proposed in this study.

0.05).Conclusion Three Hybridoma cell lines which secrete the target antibodies with satisfied affinities and specificities have been successfully raised,which provides a basis to produce a domestic-made HCMVpp65 antigen diagnosis kit.

OBJECTIVETo explore the therapeutic effect of qi benefiting blood activating method (QB-BAM) on acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) patients with blood stasis syndrome (BSS) by observing its effect on plasma fibrinogen (Fg) and D-dimer (D-D) levels.

METHODSSixty AECOPD patients with BSS were randomly assigned to the treated group and the control group, 30 in each group. All patients received conventional therapy for AECOPD. Those in the treated group were additionally injected with Shengmai Injection and Tanshinone IIA Injection. Clinical efficacy and indices including levels of Fg, D-D, PaO2, and PaCO2 were measured and compared before and after treatment.

RESULTSThe effective rate was 93.3% (28/30 cases) in the treated group, higher than that of the control group [73.3% (22/30 cases) , P < 0.05]. There was no significant difference in all indices between the treated group and the control group before treatment (P >0.05). After treatment all indices were significantly improved in the two groups (P < 0.01). But in the treated group levels of Fg and D-D decreased more and levels of PaO2 increased more (P < 0.01). Plasma levels of Fg and D-D levels were negatively correlated with PaO2 (r = -0.493, r = -0.438, P < 0.01) before treatment, and also negatively correlated with PaO2 (r = -0.452, r = -0.325, P < 0.01, P < 0.05) after treatment, but they were not significantly correlated with PaCO2 before and after treatment (P >0.05).

CONCLUSIONSQBBAM could play a therapeutic role in improving prethrombotic states of AECOPD patients with BSS. Plasma levels of Fg and D-D were related to the severity of AECOPD.

Acute Disease ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products ; Fibrinogen ; Hemostatics ; Humans ; Plasma ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; drug therapy ; Qi

OBJECTIVETo investigate the cost-effectiveness of fish oil in patients undergoing major surgery and those with systemic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS).

METHODSA retrospective study was conducted in patients undergoing major surgery and those with SIRS on admission in the Zhongshan Hospital from January 2008 to December 2011. Fish oil group was enrolled and matched to control group by 1:2 for gender, age, diagnosis, and surgical procedure. There were 220 pairs of patients who were not admitted to ICU, 102 pairs of patients admitted to ICU, and 66 pairs of patients with SIRS. The clinical outcomes and costs were measured and cost-effectiveness analyses were conducted.

RESULTSThe clinical outcomes and costs showed no significant difference between the fish oil group and the control group in those patients who were not admitted to ICU(P>0.05). Fish oil fat emulsion supplementation significantly reduced the length of total hospital stay, postoperative hospital stay, ICU stay, re-operation rate, infection rates, perioperative mortality in patients admitted to ICU and those with SIRS(P<0.05). The cost-effectiveness ratio of non-reoperation rate, non-infection rate, and survival rate were lower in those patients receiving fish oil fat emulsion as compared with those without fish oil administration. Fish oil fat emulsion supplementation could reduce cost-effectiveness ratios of non-reoperation rate, non-infection rate and survival rate by 105 RMB, 160 RMB, and 89 RMB respectively in major surgical patients who admitted to ICU, and by 670 RMB, 280 RMB, and 220 RMB respectively in SIRS patients.

CONCLUSIONSAddition of fish oil fat emulsion to clinical nutrition may have positive effects on critically ill patients. It seems that the effects of fish oil fat are strongly related to the severity of patient's underlying disease. Fish oil fat emulsion supplementation shows acceptable cost-effectiveness ratio and pharmacoeconomic value.

Aged ; Cost-Benefit Analysis ; Fat Emulsions, Intravenous ; economics ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Fish Oils ; economics ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parenteral Nutrition ; economics ; methods ; Postoperative Care ; Retrospective Studies ; Surgical Procedures, Operative ; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome ; therapy

Rutaecarpine (Rut) is a type of indole quinazoline alkaloid exracted from Ruticarpum. Studies showed that Rut has a wide range of pharmacological effects, such as anti-hypertension, anticancer, anti-inflammation, anti-thrombus formation. Currently, many scholars are committed to developing it into a new antihypertensive and anti-inflammatory drug with all new mechanisms. But studies found that Rut is a highly fat-soluble drug with low water and oil solubility. Its high insolubility is the main obstacle in its oral absorption and application, which greatly reduced its bioavailability. Therefore, hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD) was used as the inclusion material to prepare Rut-HP-beta-CD inclusion complex in this experiment, in order to increase its water solubility and bioavailability. In this experiment, the inclusion complex was prepared by the stirring-freeze-dry method. The preparation process was optimized by the orthogonal test, with the inclusion rate as the index, and molar ratio between host and guest molecules, inclusion temperature, time and stirring speed as the impacting factors. Moreover, the inclusion complex was verified by detecting the apparent solubility, thin layer chromatography, microscopic identification, melting point detection and dissolution study. The results showed that under the conditions of the molar ratio between Rut and HP-beta-CD of 1: 1, temperature at 60 degrees C, inclusion time of 4h and stirring speed at 600 r x min(-1), the inclusion rate of Rut-HP-beta-CD reached 91.04%. Therefore, the preparation process of Rut-HP-beta-CD inclusion under the optimum conditions is simple and feasible, with a highest inclusion rate and reproducibility, and could significantly improve Rut's solubility and bioavailability, and provide a reliable experimental basis for its clinical application.
2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin ; Alkaloids ; chemistry ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Drug Carriers ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Rutaceae ; chemistry ; Solubility ; beta-Cyclodextrins ; chemistry

Equipment Design ; Facial Injuries ; therapy ; First Aid ; instrumentation

Calcinosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Child ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Knee ; Male ; Skin Diseases ; pathology ; surgery