Objective To analyze the correlations between pediatric intersive cave unit (PICU) nurses′job satisfaction and their perception of job characteristics. Method One hundred and thirty-six PICU nurses from a women and children′s hospital of Guangzhou participated in the study and the job diagnostic survey (JDS) and Minnesota satisfaction questionnaire short-form (MSQ20) were used to investigate the relationship between the job characteristics and job satisfaction. Results The average score on general satisfaction was (3.57 ± 0.41). The dimensions like skill variety, task integrity, feedback from job and feedback from others, had a significant positive impact on general satisfaction (all P<0.05). Conclusion Nurses generally have a relatively middle level of job satisfaction and measures should be taken to improve their job satisfaction as well as the quality of nursing.

The leading cause of drug withdrawal from market and clinical trials failure is drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Varying clinical, histological and laboratory features of DILI, as well as undefined underlying mechanisms, hinder patients to be diagnosed in the early-stage of the disease and receive effective treatments. Conventional indicators, like serum transaminases and bilirubin, have inevitable limitations referring to sensitive prediction and specific detection of DILI. In order to reduce the occurrence of DILI, researchers have attempted to discover potential biomarkers with higher specificity and sensitivity from blood and urine in recent years. This article aims to review recent advances in biomarkers of DILI.
Biomarkers ; blood ; urine ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Objective To investigate the time distribution characteristics and the epidemic trends of imported malaria cases in Yunnan Province. Methods The malaria case records and epidemiological history data of Yunnan Province were collected, and the local infection cases were excluded. The data were statistical analyzed. Results The imported malaria cases had a sig-nificantly seasonal periodicity(Q=26.574,P<0.05)and epidemic trends(Q=35.487,P<0.05). The imported peak was in May,while February was the lowest month of imported cases,and the difference was significant(Z=-2.619,P<0.05). The simple seasonal prediction model was the best model(R2= 0.677,BIC = 4.867)for forecast while the residual sequence was white noise(Q=14.226,P>0.05). By using the model to predict the cases in January,February and March of 2016,the num-ber(95％CI)were 29(7-50),22(0-44)and 31(8-54),and the actual number of imported malaria cases were 29,24 and 38 cases respectively and all cases were included in the 95％CI. Conclusion The imported malaria cases in Yunnan Province had a significantly seasonal periodicity and epidemic trends,and the established model has good prediction on the recent cases.

Objective To determine the effect of photochemotherapy on the expression of gelatinases. Methods Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and gelatine zymography were employed to detect the effect of photochemotherapy on the expression and bioactivity of gelatinases at mRNA and protein levels respectively. Results Combination of ultraviolet A(UVA,0.8-2.0 J/cm2) and 8-methoxypsoralen(8-MOP,100 ng/mL) resulted in a decrease in the expression and bioactivity of gelatinases. Conclusion Photochemotherapy can inhibit the angiogenesis of endothelial cells through downregulating the expression and bioactivity of gelatinases.

AIM:To investigate the effects of osteogenic induction media and the medias containing different concentration of calcium on the induction of osteogenic differentiation of human renal fibroblasts in vitro.METHODS: Culturedhuman renal fibroblasts were divided into 5 groups in this experiment: osteogenic induction group (osteogenic inductionmedia), CaⅠgroup (0.5 mmol/L Ca2 + media), CaⅡgroup (1.5 mmol/L Ca2 + media), Ca Ⅲ group (2.5 mmol/LCa2 + media) and control group (PBS).The cell activity in each groups was measured by MTT assay .At 9th day, the cellcalcium Alizarin red S staining and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) Gomori calcium cobalt staining were performed respectivelyto observe the formation of calcium nidus and the expression of ALP .In addition, the expression of Runt-related transcriptionfactor 2 (Runx2) at mRNA and protein levels was determined by real -time PCR and Western blot, respectively.RE- SULTS: The remarkable positive signs which represented the formation of calcium nidus and the deposit of calcium objectsin all experiment groups were observed .The mRNA and protein expression of Runx2 in osteogenic induction group increasedin accordance with the induction time .Compared with control group, the mRNA and protein expression of Runx2 inthe CaⅠ ~Ⅲ groups increased gradually in a calcium concentration dependent manner at the 9th induction day.CON- CLUSION: Human renal interstitial fibroblasts show the potential activity in osteogenic differentiation induced by osteogen -ic induction media or high level calcium in vitro, which may be account for the cytological formation of the Randall ’splaque in the kidney.

Objective To test a hypothesis that the protein expression of N-Myc downstream regulated gene 2 (Ndrg2) may be enhanced in the hippocampus of rat models of pilocarpine-induced epilepsy and explore the pattern of Ndrg2 expression. Methods Twenty-eight rats were recruited and randomly divided into 2 groups: 24 rats were enrolled in experimental group while the others in controls.The rat models in the experimental group were induced by lithium-pilocarpine protocol. Then survival rats were sacrificed 4 and 24 h, and 7 d and 6 weeks after the onset of status epilepticus (SE) while the controls were sacrificed 24 h after vehicle treatment. Temporal and spatial protein expression characteristics of Ndrg2 in the hippocampus were analyzed by immunofiuorescence labeling. Results The protein level of Ndrg2 increased by 62% and 37% on the 7th d and in the 6th weeks of onset of SE,respectively; statistically significant differences were noted between the experimental group at the above time points and the control group (P＜0.05). Ndrg2 immunoreactive cells were concentrated along the subgranular zone of the hippocampus. Conclusion The protein expression of Ndrg2 increases significantly in the hippocampus of rat models with chronic epilepsy, with its location mainly in perinuclear region ofastrocyte, which might result from astrogliosis activated by SE.

Objective To understand the geographical features of malaria in Yunnan Province,so as to provide the refer?ence for malaria elimination. Methods The data of malaria in Yunnan Province from 2012 to 2015 were collected and ana?lyzed. Results Totally 2 586 malaria cases were reported in Yunnan Province from 2012 to 2015,in which 274(10.60%) were local cases and 2 311(89.37%)were abroad imported,and one(0.03%)was domestic imported. The imported malaria cases and local cases were analyzed according to the sources and locations respectively,and the arithmetic means of the num?bers of imported and local cases were 96.29 and 10.96 respectively,the standard deviations of the numbers of imported and local cases were 421.18 and 19.12 respectively,and the difference of the means was not significant(Z=-0.326,P>0.10). Both the imported and local malaria cases could be clustered into five sections by the number of 5. The Herfendal?Hirshman indexes of the imported and local malaria cases were 8 121 and 1 598 respectively. Conclusions There is no significant difference of the distribution between the imported and local malaria cases,and they should be attaching equal importance. The non?uniform de?gree of imported cases is higher than that of the local cases,while both of them could be divided into five major clusters in the prevention and control work.

Objective To observe the seasonal changes in serum levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and melatonin (MT) in Bizheng rat model, and explore the relationship between MT and the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.
Methods One hundred and sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups in summer (n=80) and winter (n=80) respectively:normal group, collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model group, operation group, and sham-operation group (n=20 in each group). The CIA model group was injected with collagen emulsion at the base of the tail to induce arthritis. The rats in the operation group received pineal gland resection, and 7 days after the first operation, underwent testectomy or oophorectomy. The rats in the sham-operation group were operated to ligature the sagittal sinus, without extracting the pineal gland. After the operations, the operation group and the sham-operation group both were immunized as the CIA group was.The serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and MT in different groups were measured by radioimmunoassay.
Results Compared with the normal group, the serum levels of IL-1βand IL-6 increased in the CIA model, operation, and sham-operation groups both in summer and in winter (IL-1βin summer, P=0.008, P<0.01, P=0.012; IL-1β in winter, P=0.019, P<0.01, P=0.027; IL-6 in summer, P=0.028, P<0.01, P=0.024;IL-6 in winter, P=0.006, P<0.01, P=0.008). In the operation group, the serum levels of IL-1βand IL-6 in winter were higher than in summer, but with no statistically significant differences (P=0.844, 0.679). Compared with the normal group, the serum level of MT significantly increased in summer and winter in both the CIA model group (P=0.002, 0.008) and the sham-operation group (P=0.003, 0.007), while significantly decreased in the operation group (P=0.023, 0.003). There was no significant difference in MT level in the operation group between summer and winter (P=0.947).
Conclusions The increase of serum levels of IL-1β and IL-6 may exacerbate the inflammatory reaction and cause a more severe condition in the rheumatoid arthritis. The concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, and MT correspond with the change of seasons, confirming that there are connections between nature and human body.

NDRG2, one of the new N-Myc downstream-regulated gene (NDRG) gene families, is believed to be involved in cell growth event. However, the exact function is still unknown. Identification of the tissue or cell types expressing this gene in vivo will provide clues in clarifying its physiological roles. Using RT-PCR and Western blot, we analyzed the expression level of NDRG2 mRNA and protein in human fetal tissues from different gestational ages. The anti-NDRG2 monoclonal antibody, which has been proved to react specifically with NDRG2 protein, was further used to analyze the cellular location of NDRG2 protein in various human fetal tissues by immunohistochemistry. We found that NDRG2 expression was developmentally dynamic, being generally lower in the early stages of development and markedly increasing during the later stages. NDRG2 mRNA and protein distribution were generally consistent in heart and lung. One of the differences was that NDRG2 protein appeared later than mRNA in kidney. Another unmatched expression was found in liver. NDRG2 mRNA appeared later than protein in liver. In human fetal tissues at sixteen and twenty-eight weeks of gestation, NDRG2 protein immunoreactions could be seen in epithelium of small intestine, epithelium of large intestine, superficial layer of epidermis, whisker follicles, epithelium of small bronchus, hepatocytes, cardiac myocytes, thymus corpuscles and epithelium of renal tubule, and the immunoreactions in those tissues from twenty-eight weeks of gestation was stronger than that from sixteen weeks of gestation. In the present study, we demonstrate the expression pattern and cellular location of NDRG2 protein in a large set of human fetal tissues. This is the first demonstration of NDRG2 protein expression in human fetal tissues. Taken together, the results suggest that NDRG2 protein found in a variety of tissues is not a tissue-specific protein, and may play important roles in histogenesis and organogenesis.
Fetus ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Humans ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Tissue Distribution ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism

The hypertension is one of chronic vascular diseases, which often implicates multiple tissues causing stroke, cardiac hypertrophy, and renal failure. A growing body of evidence suggests that inflammatory mechanisms are important participants in the pathophysiology of hypertension. In this study, the inflammatory status of these tissues (kidney, liver, heart, and brain) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) was analyzed and its molecular mechanism was explored. The tissues were dissected from SHR and age-matched control Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats to investigate the abundance of inflammation-related mediators (IL-1beta, TNFalpha, ICAM-1, iNOS, C/EBPdelta and PPARgamma). mRNA levels were determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and protein expression was evaluated by Western blot. To evaluate the oxidative stress of tissues, carbonyl protein content and total antioxidant capacity of tissues were detected by spectrophotometry and ferric reduction ability power (FRAP) method. The results suggest that: (1) Expressions of inflammation-related mediators (IL-1beta, TNFalpha, ICAM-1, iNOS, C/EBPdelta and PPARgamma) in SHR were higher compared with those in WKY rats except no evident increase of IL-1beta mRNA in liver and brain in SHR. (2) Tissues in SHR contained obviously increased carbonyl protein (nmol/mg protein) compared to that in WKY rats (8.93+/-1.08 vs 2.27+/-0.43 for kidney, 2.23+/-0.23 vs 0.17+/-0.02 for heart, 13.42+/-1.10 vs 5.72+/-1.01 for brain, respectively, P<0.05). However, no evident difference in the amount of carbonyl protein in liver was detected between SHR and WKY rats. (3) Total antioxidant capacities of kidney, liver, heart and brain were markedly lower in SHR than that in WKY rats (P<0.05). Thus, the present data reveal a higher inflammatory status in the important tissues in SHR and indicate that inflammation might play a potential role in pathogenesis of hypertension and secondary organ complications.
Animals ; Brain ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cytokines ; genetics ; metabolism ; Hypertension ; pathology ; Inflammation ; pathology ; Interleukin-1beta ; genetics ; metabolism ; Kidney ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; pathology ; Oxidative Stress ; immunology ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred SHR ; Rats, Inbred WKY ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; genetics ; metabolism