Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recurrence ; Retinal Detachment ; etiology ; surgery ; Silicone Oils ; therapeutic use

BACKGROUND:Dialysis membrane is the most important part of a dialyzer, which directly affects the therapeutic efficacy of hemodialysis.
OBJECTIVE:To study the permeability, adsorbability and biocompatibility of high- and low-flux hemodialysis membrane in maintenance hemodialysis process.
METHODS:Forty-six hemodialysis patients due to chronic renal failure were selected, including 24 males and 22 females, aged 26-78 years. These patients were randomized into two groups: FX8 and FX60 groups. Dialog+ dialyzer and bicarbonate dialysate (Braun, Germany) were used in the two groups, and polysulfone membranes FX8 and FX60 were respectively used in the two group. Al the patients received hemodialysis three times per week, 4 hours once. After 4 months of dialysis, blood levels of toxins and inflammatory cytokines were detected in the two groups.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After dialysis, there were no differences in the blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, blood phosphorus levels between the two groups. The clearance rates of β2-microglobulin and parathyrin were significantly higher in the FX60 group than the FX8 group (P < 0.05); the plasma levels of albumin and hemoglobin were significantly higher in the FX60 group than the FX8 group (P < 0.05); but the serum levels of interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-a were lower in the FX60 group than the FX8 group (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that high-flux polysulfone membrane FX60 is superior to low-flux polysulfone membrane FX8 in the clearance of macromolecule toxins and biocompatibility.

Objective To investigate the relationship of glycosylated hemoglobin A1C(HBA1c) and 2 hour postprandial blood glucose(2hPBG) with 12-hour urinary albumin excretion rate(UAE).Methods One hundred and thirteen patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),whose fast blood glucose(FBG) levels after treatment were less than 7.0 mmol/L,and 54 healthy subjects were the control group in this study.The level of HBA1c was detected by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).The level of 2hPBG was measured by glucose oxidase assay and the level of UAE was detected by radioimmunoassay.According to the level of HBA1c and 2hPBG,the patients were divided into 4 groups: group A(HBA1c7% and PBG

This article systematically summarizes the non-clinical safety studies, pharmacological studies and postmarketing safety studies of Xiyanping injection based on literature. These studies include acute toxicity test, long-term toxicity test, reproductive toxicity test, active and passive anaphylaxis test, curative mechanism study, clinical trials of effectiveness, active surveillance, security analysis of passive monitoring data, the real world analysis of hospital information system (HIS) data, literature analysis, etcetera This article also analysis the relationship of the different evidence, summarizes the strategy of the researches, in order to make it to be a reference for making a systemic research program of traditional Chinese medicine injection.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Injections ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Product Surveillance, Postmarketing

Objective:To examine the effect of compound ketotifen eye drops(CKF,containing 0.1% ketotifen and 0.000 5% dexamethasone) on experimental acute allergic conjunctivitis in rats.Methods:27 male Wistar rats were immunized by intraperitoneal injection of egg albumin and were randomized into three groups: CKF,0.1% ketotifen (KF) and 0.000 5% dexamethasone (DM) Rats in each group received the respective eye drops in one eye and vehicle in the other eye 60,45,30,15 min before and 15,30 min after challenge.Immediately before challenge,the rats were injected intravenously with Evans Blue(EB).The challenge was performed by topical instillation of egg albumin,and 60 min later,the animals were killed and the dye was extracted from the eyes.The intensity of EB extravasation was determined by spectrophotometry at 620nm and inhibitory rates were calculated.Results:CKF,KF and DM suppressed EB extravasation significantly.The inhibitory rate was 53.98%±15.57% for CKF,27.91%±28.36% for KF and 11.90%±34.16% for DM.CKF was more effective than both KF and DM on inhibiting dye vascular leakage in the eyes (P＝0.028,0.004,respectively).Conclusion:These data clearly indicate that the compound of ketotifen eye drops has potential as a topical ocular formulation for anti-allergic disease.

Objective　To develop a rapid，sensitive and reliable high-performance gas chromatography to evaluate the fluconazole (FCZ) bioavailability after topically applied FCZ in-situ gelling ophthalmic delivery system to the rabbit eyes.Methods　A megabore capillary column（30m long and inner diameter of 0.530 mm） with a 0.88-μm-thick bonded liquid phase was used.Detector was nitrogen-selective type.Tears adsorbed to the filter paper was directly by methanol with no evaporation stage prior to analysis.Aqueous humors was extracted by ethyl acetate.Results　The duration of each analysis was less 10 min and the minimum detectable concentration was 0.01μg/ml.The assay was linear from 0.1 to 20 μg/ml.The average recoveries from tears and aqueous humors were 99.0% and 94.8%，respectively.Conclusion　This method can be used to determine rabbit tears and aqueous humors levels of fluconazole and was practicable approach for evaluating intraocular pharmacokinetics after topically applied to rabbit eyes.

BACKGROUND:Keloid is a very chalenging problem in plastic surgery. Its pathogenesis is very complex, resulting from the combined action of many factors, such as various cytokines, signal transduction pathways, extracelular matrix,etc. At present, a critical role for mechanical force and mechanotransduction in the pathogenesis of keloids has been broadly concerned and becomes the focus of studying the pathogenesis of keloids.
OBJECTIVE:To summarize the progress of the mechanosignaling pathway involved in the pathogenesis of keloids in order to further understand the pathogenesis of keloids and provide new ideas for the prevention of keloids.
METHODS: The PubMed database and Elsevier database were retrieved for articles published from January 2000 to July 2014 by computer with key words of “keloid, molecular mechanism, mechanical stress, cutaneous scar, mechanobiology, mechanosignaling pathway” in English. A total of 23 articles were included which related to the molecular signal transduction mechanism and mechanosignaling pathway about keloids.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The mechanosignaling transduction pathways, such as transforming growth factor-β/Smad, MAPK, integrin, Wnt/β-catenin, RhoA/ROCK and tumor necrosis factor-α/nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway, play an important role in the formation and development of keloids. A number of clinical trials have also shown the effectiveness of a part of mechanosignaling transduction pathway inhibitors in wound healing and reducing scar hyperplasia. The research about mechanosignaling transduction pathways involved in keloids has made some progress, but most stil remain in animal experimental stage. Secondly, various mechanosignaling transduction pathways about correlation and intersectionality stil need further studies to achieve a breakthrough in the prevention of keloids.

Objective To investigate the influence of sperm morphology, sperm DNA fragmentation index and seminal plasma zinc on pregnancy outcome of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET).MethodsA total of 341 infertile couples underwent IVF-ET were selected from January 2016 to June 2016 in our hospital.Sperm morphology, sperm DNA fragmentation index and seminal plasma zinc level were compared according to pregnancy.ResultsIn 341 cases, 204 cases pregnancy and 137 cases of no pregnancy, with the pregnancy rate of 59.8%(204/341).Compared with the pregnancy group, the percentage of normal sperm percentage was low, the abnormal sperm index was higher in the non-pregnant group (P<0.05), the sperm DNA index was higher (P<0.05).The percentage of normal sperm, sperm DNA fragmentation index and seminal plasma zinc and pregnancy rate in sperm morphology were linear (P<0.05), And there was a negative correlation between abnormal sperm index and sperm DNA fragment index (P<0.05), and other indicators were positively correlated (P<0.05).ConclusionSperm morphology, sperm DNA fragmentation index and seminal plasma zinc levels may influence the outcome of IVF-ET.The above parameters can be used to predict pregnancy outcome of IVF-ET.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficiency,safety,adverse reactions and healthrelated life quality of transdermal fentanyl patches for pain management in terminal cancer patients with hepatic and renal dysfunction and ascites.Methods 98 terminal cancer patients with moderate to serve pain combined with abnormal hepatic and renal dysfunction were randomly divided into two groups.Group Ⅰ (n=56)received transdermal fentany patches.Group Ⅱ,the control group (n=42),received morphine controlledrelease tablets.Terms of pain intensity,function of renal and liver,adverse reactions and heath-related quality of life were assessed before and after treatment.Results Patients were satisfied with their pain management in both groups,and no significant difference in pain release was observed between the groups (x2 =0.01,0.07,0.01,0.04,P ＞ 0.05).The incidences of constipation and dysuresia were significantly less in the group Ⅰ compared with that of the group Ⅱ (x2 =7.32,3.96,P ＜ 0.05).The incidences of hypersomnia,dizzy,nausea and vomiting were similar betwecn the two groups (x2 =0.12,0.54,0.54,0.02,P ＞ 0.05).Most of the adverse reactions would relieve or disappear after symptomatic treatment.Values of BUN,CR,ALT,AST were similar before and after treatment in group Ⅰ (t =1.43,1.67,0.91,0.11,P＞ 0.05).However,in group Ⅱ,these values were significantly increased after treatment (t =17.59,49.17,42.12,36.23,P ＜ 0.05).The heathrelated life quality (appetite,spirit,somnus,fatigue,daily life and countenance) were significantly improved after treatment in both groups (the group Ⅰ t =3.37,4.40,2.07,5.66,4.48,P ＜ 0.05; the group Ⅱ t =2.03,2.27,3.59,4.16,2.79,P ＜ 0.05),the spirit group Ⅰ improved more obviously compared with group Ⅱ (t =2.93,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Transdermal fentanyl patches provides equal pain relief compared with Morphine controlled-release tablets in the terminal cancer patients with abnormal hepatic and renal function and ascites.Transdermal fentanyl patches significantly improve health-related quality with less hepatic and renal function influence and low incidence of adverse reaction.It should be recommended in the treatment terminal cancer patients with moderate to serve pain combined with abnormal hepatic and renal function and ascites.

Objective To investigate the effects of DRD1 rs265981,rs4532,rs686 and rs265976 polymorphisms on response to clozapine in resistant schizophrenic patients.Methods DRD1 genotype was determined by SNaPshot SNP technique for 154 patients with resistant schizophrenia.Clinical symptoms were evaluated by Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS),and the responder was defined as a reduction of 50％ on PANSS score from baseline after the patients were administered orally clozapine for 8 weeks.Results The frequencies of rs265981 genotypes,alleles and rs265976 genotypes had significant differences between clozapine responder group (88 cases) and nonresponder group(66 cases) in total clinical efficacy ( x2 =10.215,P =0.004 ; x2 =4.082,P =0.041 ; x2 =14.083,P =0.007 ).The frequencies of rs265976 genotypes had significant differences between clozapine response (58 cases) and nonresponse (96 cases) to negative symptom ( x2 =9.805,P =0.046).Conclusion The polymorphisms of DRD1 gene rs265981 and rs265976 may relate with clinical response to clozapine in resistant schizophrenias.rs265981 T/T,allele T and rs265976 genotype A/A are likely to be predictive factors to the improvement of total clozapine therapeutic effects.rs265976 genotype A/A are likely to be predictive factors of negative symptom with treatment of clozapine.