Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Recurrence ; Retinal Detachment ; etiology ; surgery ; Silicone Oils ; therapeutic use

BACKGROUND:Dialysis membrane is the most important part of a dialyzer, which directly affects the therapeutic efficacy of hemodialysis.
OBJECTIVE:To study the permeability, adsorbability and biocompatibility of high- and low-flux hemodialysis membrane in maintenance hemodialysis process.
METHODS:Forty-six hemodialysis patients due to chronic renal failure were selected, including 24 males and 22 females, aged 26-78 years. These patients were randomized into two groups: FX8 and FX60 groups. Dialog+ dialyzer and bicarbonate dialysate (Braun, Germany) were used in the two groups, and polysulfone membranes FX8 and FX60 were respectively used in the two group. Al the patients received hemodialysis three times per week, 4 hours once. After 4 months of dialysis, blood levels of toxins and inflammatory cytokines were detected in the two groups.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After dialysis, there were no differences in the blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, blood phosphorus levels between the two groups. The clearance rates of β2-microglobulin and parathyrin were significantly higher in the FX60 group than the FX8 group (P < 0.05); the plasma levels of albumin and hemoglobin were significantly higher in the FX60 group than the FX8 group (P < 0.05); but the serum levels of interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-a were lower in the FX60 group than the FX8 group (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that high-flux polysulfone membrane FX60 is superior to low-flux polysulfone membrane FX8 in the clearance of macromolecule toxins and biocompatibility.

Objective To investigate the relationship of glycosylated hemoglobin A1C(HBA1c) and 2 hour postprandial blood glucose(2hPBG) with 12-hour urinary albumin excretion rate(UAE).Methods One hundred and thirteen patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),whose fast blood glucose(FBG) levels after treatment were less than 7.0 mmol/L,and 54 healthy subjects were the control group in this study.The level of HBA1c was detected by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).The level of 2hPBG was measured by glucose oxidase assay and the level of UAE was detected by radioimmunoassay.According to the level of HBA1c and 2hPBG,the patients were divided into 4 groups: group A(HBA1c7% and PBG

This article systematically summarizes the non-clinical safety studies, pharmacological studies and postmarketing safety studies of Xiyanping injection based on literature. These studies include acute toxicity test, long-term toxicity test, reproductive toxicity test, active and passive anaphylaxis test, curative mechanism study, clinical trials of effectiveness, active surveillance, security analysis of passive monitoring data, the real world analysis of hospital information system (HIS) data, literature analysis, etcetera This article also analysis the relationship of the different evidence, summarizes the strategy of the researches, in order to make it to be a reference for making a systemic research program of traditional Chinese medicine injection.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Injections ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Product Surveillance, Postmarketing

β- N-Acetyl- D-glucosaminidase ( NAGase, EC3.2.1.52) is a composition of the chitinases and cooperates with endo-chitinase and exo-chitinase to disintegrate chitin into N-acetylglucosamine. Pacific White Shrimp (P. vannamei) NAGase is involved in digestion and molting processes. Some pollutants in seawater affect the enzyme activity causing loss of the biological function of the enzyme, which affects the exuviating shell and threatens the survival of the animal. The effects of acetic anhydride on the enzyme activity for the hydrolysis of pNP-NAG have been studied. The results show that acetic anhydride can lead to reversible non-competitive inhibition at appropriate concentrations, and the IC50 is estimated to be 9.0 mmol/L. The equilibrium constants have been determined for acetic anhydride binding with the enzyme and/or the enzymesubstrate complexes. Inhibition kinetics of acetic anhydride on the enzyme has been studied using the kinetic method of the substrate reaction. The results suggest that at pH 6.2, the action of acetic anhydride on the enzyme is first quick equilibrium binding and then slow inhibition. The microscopic rate constants have been determined for inhibition and reactivation. The results show that k + 0 is much larger than k - 0, indicating the enzyme is completely inactivated at sufficiently large modificator concentration.

Objective To investigate the effects of DRD1 rs265981,rs4532,rs686 and rs265976 polymorphisms on response to clozapine in resistant schizophrenic patients.Methods DRD1 genotype was determined by SNaPshot SNP technique for 154 patients with resistant schizophrenia.Clinical symptoms were evaluated by Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS),and the responder was defined as a reduction of 50％ on PANSS score from baseline after the patients were administered orally clozapine for 8 weeks.Results The frequencies of rs265981 genotypes,alleles and rs265976 genotypes had significant differences between clozapine responder group (88 cases) and nonresponder group(66 cases) in total clinical efficacy ( x2 =10.215,P =0.004 ; x2 =4.082,P =0.041 ; x2 =14.083,P =0.007 ).The frequencies of rs265976 genotypes had significant differences between clozapine response (58 cases) and nonresponse (96 cases) to negative symptom ( x2 =9.805,P =0.046).Conclusion The polymorphisms of DRD1 gene rs265981 and rs265976 may relate with clinical response to clozapine in resistant schizophrenias.rs265981 T/T,allele T and rs265976 genotype A/A are likely to be predictive factors to the improvement of total clozapine therapeutic effects.rs265976 genotype A/A are likely to be predictive factors of negative symptom with treatment of clozapine.

Objective:To examine the effect of compound ketotifen eye drops(CKF,containing 0.1% ketotifen and 0.000 5% dexamethasone) on experimental acute allergic conjunctivitis in rats.Methods:27 male Wistar rats were immunized by intraperitoneal injection of egg albumin and were randomized into three groups: CKF,0.1% ketotifen (KF) and 0.000 5% dexamethasone (DM) Rats in each group received the respective eye drops in one eye and vehicle in the other eye 60,45,30,15 min before and 15,30 min after challenge.Immediately before challenge,the rats were injected intravenously with Evans Blue(EB).The challenge was performed by topical instillation of egg albumin,and 60 min later,the animals were killed and the dye was extracted from the eyes.The intensity of EB extravasation was determined by spectrophotometry at 620nm and inhibitory rates were calculated.Results:CKF,KF and DM suppressed EB extravasation significantly.The inhibitory rate was 53.98%±15.57% for CKF,27.91%±28.36% for KF and 11.90%±34.16% for DM.CKF was more effective than both KF and DM on inhibiting dye vascular leakage in the eyes (P＝0.028,0.004,respectively).Conclusion:These data clearly indicate that the compound of ketotifen eye drops has potential as a topical ocular formulation for anti-allergic disease.

Objective　To develop a rapid，sensitive and reliable high-performance gas chromatography to evaluate the fluconazole (FCZ) bioavailability after topically applied FCZ in-situ gelling ophthalmic delivery system to the rabbit eyes.Methods　A megabore capillary column（30m long and inner diameter of 0.530 mm） with a 0.88-μm-thick bonded liquid phase was used.Detector was nitrogen-selective type.Tears adsorbed to the filter paper was directly by methanol with no evaporation stage prior to analysis.Aqueous humors was extracted by ethyl acetate.Results　The duration of each analysis was less 10 min and the minimum detectable concentration was 0.01μg/ml.The assay was linear from 0.1 to 20 μg/ml.The average recoveries from tears and aqueous humors were 99.0% and 94.8%，respectively.Conclusion　This method can be used to determine rabbit tears and aqueous humors levels of fluconazole and was practicable approach for evaluating intraocular pharmacokinetics after topically applied to rabbit eyes.

Background Exfoliation syndrome is a systemic disease with abnormal accumulation of extracellular matrix.Oxidative stress and imbalance between matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs) and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases(TIMPs)may play an important role in the pathogenesis of exfoliation syndrome.Researches showed that the incidence of exfoliation syndrome is higher in Uyghur nationality than that in Han nationality.However,whether the imbalance of serum MMPs and TIMPs is associated with pathogenesis of different ethnic groups is unclear.Objective The aim of the study was to discuss the change of serum MMP-9 and TIMP-2 in Uyghur patients.Methods This study protocol was approved by Ethic Committee of Xinjiang Medical University and followed Declaration of Helsinki.A prospective cohort study was performed.Forty Uyghur nationality (46 eyes) with exfoliation syndrome were collected from March 2012 to May 2013 in Affiliated First Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University and First People Hospital of Kashi.Forty cases(40 eyes)age-and gender-matched normal volunteers were included in the same duration.The peripheral blood was collected under the informed consent.Serum MMP-9 and TIMP-2 levels were detected by ELISA,and the results between the two groups were compared using independent samples t test.Results Slit-lamp examination found that part of pigmentation was depigmented and white dandrufflike substance attached in the pupil margin in all the patients,and stripping white dandruff-like substance was deposited in the front surface of the lens capsule which distributed in 3 zones.The pupils were disk-shaped pupil,and the surrounding area was the ring granular and the middle was transparent area without ablative material after dilation.Serum MMP-9 levels were (57.88±18.63)μg/L in the exfoliation syndrome group and (9.35±2.78)μg/L in the normal control group;serum TIMP-2 levels were (17.36±4.66) μg/L in the exfoliation syndrome group and (25.73±3.59) μg/L in the control group.The ratios of MMP-9/TIMP-2 were 3.57± 1.45 in the exfoliation syndrome group and 0.37±0.11 in the control group,with statistically significant differences in serum MMP-9 and TIMP-2 levels as well as ratio of MMP-9/TIMP-2 between the two groups(t=11.52,-6.36,9.87,all at P=0.00).Conclusions The upregulation of serum MMP-9 and downregulation of serum TIMP-2 are found in Uyghur patients with exfoliation syndrome.It is verified that the imbalance of serum MMP-9 and TIMP-2 contributes to the pathogenesis of exfoliation syndrome in Uyghur patients.

Objective To investigate the teaching modes of the course of guide to learn in undergraduate nursing students in order to improve their quality of leaning.Methods Questionnaire survey and interview were conducted to collect the students'general appraisal on learning Science and teaching content and teaching modes as well as ingathering and suggestions of the course.Results Totally 79.5%among 117 students thought it necessary to open the course of Learning Science.96.6%students considered ten subjects of the course reasonable.83.8%students were satisfied with the alternate five-teachers'teaching modes.The most digestible teaching approach Was illustration,and the most valuable experience wag how to regulate the psyehology of learning.Conclusions The course of guide to learn in nursing undergraduate education has positive significance.Nursing educators should always explore and improve the teaching mode of this course so as to help students develop SOundly.