This study aims to develop a method for determination of beta-elemene, curcumol, germacrone and neocurdione in the volatile oil of Curcuma phaeocaulis, and to provide the basis of the quality control method for the volatile oil of C. phaeocaulis and the related preparations. Based on GC-MS, the 4 main compounds were simultaneously determined, with the internal standard n-tridecane. The Agilent 19091S-433 column (0.25 microm x 250 microm x 30 m) was adopted at the temperature of 250 degrees C, the programmed temperature method (60 degrees C for 1 min, 5 degrees C x min x to 110 degrees C for 5 min, 1 degrees C x min(-1) to 140 degrees C, 5 degrees C x min(-1) to 160 degrees C, 10 degrees C x min(-1) to 240 degrees C) was used. Helium gas was used as the carrier gas at a constant flow rat of 1 mL x min(-1), with an injection volume of 1 RL. Mass spectra were taken at 70 eV; the ion-source temperature was 200 degrees C. The relation time and character acteristic ions for each target compound were determined by full scan mode and SIM, and m/z 85.1, 93.1, 121.1, 107.1 and 180.1 were the detection ions of n-tridecane, beta-elemene, curcumol, germacrone and neocurdione. As a result, beta-elemene, curcumol, germacrone and neocurdione were all detected with good separation. They were all in a good linear relationship within each concentration scope. The average recovery rates were in the range of 98.2%-101%. So, the method can be used to control the quality of the volatile of C. phaeocaulis Val. and the preparations related.
Acetic Acid ; chemistry ; Curcuma ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; methods ; Oils, Volatile ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Plant Oils ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Sesquiterpenes ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Sesquiterpenes, Germacrane ; analysis ; isolation & purification

Professor LI Zhi-dao, according to acupoint selection of syndrome differentiation in TCM basic theory, concluded a new therapy, namely "tonifying three qi" that is mainly based on three acupoints in the Conception Vessel. This method is consisted of Danzhong (CV 17), Zhongwan (CV 12) and Qihai (CV 6) in the Conception Vessel, which could successively nourish clear qi, stomach qi and original qi. In clinic, according to the severity of symptoms of three qi, the acupoints are selected flexibly, which could respectively treat deficiency of heart-lung qi, deficiency of stomach-spleen qi and deficiency of original qi. Some examples are also given in the article.
Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; history ; methods ; China ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Qi

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic value of fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose ( 18 F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography ( PET/CT) in fever of unknown origin ( FUO) in a Chinese hospital .Methods:The records of 51 patients with FUO (32 men and 19 women;mean age 54 years with a range between 3 and 81 years) were analyzed retrospectively .All the patients were examined by 18 F-FDG PET/CT scan and the results were compared with the final diagnosis which was established by additional procedures including pathology , laboratory examination , and clinical follow-up for more than 3 months.The t test was used for statistical analysis .Results: A final diagnosis was established for 48 patients , including 32 patients with infectious diseases , 9 with malignancies , and 7 with non-infectious inflammatory diseases .By FDG PET scan alone , the rates of true positive , false positive , false negative, and true negative were 52.9%, 27.5%, 17.6%, and 2.0%, respectively.By FDG PET/CT scan, the rates of true positive, false positive, false negative, and true negative were 70.6%, 27.5%, 2.0%, and 0, respectively.18F-PET/CT had a sensitivity of 97.3%(36/37), specificity of 0 (0/14), and accuracy of 70.6%(36/51) in FUO, especially a high sensitivity and accuracy of 100%(9/9) in the diagnosis of malignant tumor .Moreover , the maximum standardized uptake value ( SUVmax ) in tumor was significant higher than that in infection (3.7 ±2.7 vs.7.7 ±3.5, P=0.001, t=3.6), which implied that SUVmax might be useful in differential diagnosis in FUO .Conclusion:FDG PET/CT is a valuable imaging tool for the identification and location of the potential lesion in FUO and is helpful for the etiological diagnosis , especially in the diagnosis of malignant lesions .

The enantiomers separation of thirteen drugs collected in Ch.P2010 was performed on chiral stationary phase of cellulose ramification (chiralpak OD and chiralpak OJ) by high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) methods,which included ibuprofen (Cl),ketoprofen (C2),nitrendipine (C3),nimodipine (C4),felodipine (C5),omeprazole (C6),praziquantel (C7),propranolol hydrochloride (C8),atenolol (C9),sulpiride (C10),clenbuterol hydrochloride (C11),verapamil hydrochloride (C12),and chlorphenamine maleate (C13).The mobile phase consisted of isopropanol and n-hexane.The detection wavelength was set at 254 nm and the flow rate was 0.7 mL/min.The enantiomers separation of these thirteen racemates on chiralpak OD column and chiralpak OJ column was studied,while the effects of proportion of organic additives,alcohol displacer and temperature on the separation were studied.And the mechanism of some of racemates was discussed.The results indicated that thirteen chiral drugs could be separated on chiral stationary phase of cellulose ramification in normal phase chromatographic system.The chromatographic retention and resolution of enantiomers could be adjusted by factors including column temperature and the concentration of alcohol displacer and organic alkaline modifier in mobile phase.It was shown that the resolution was improved with reducing concentration of alcohol displacer.When concentration of organic alkaline modifier was 0.2％ (v/v),the resolution and the peak shape were fairly good.Most racemates mentioned above had better resolution at column temperature of 25 ℃.When racemates were separated,the temperature should be kept so as to obtain stable separation results.

Objective To understand the prevalence of negative life events and its association with depressive, anxiety symptoms and dissatisfaction of school life among middle school students in Shaoxing, and to provide scientific evidence for further interventions. Methods A total number of 3 197 students (including 1 134 urban and 2 063 town adolescents) were recruited from 2 middle schools in Shaoxing, their average age was (13.73 ± 1.03) years. The Multidimensional Life Events Rating Questionnaire for Middle School Students (MLERQ), Depression Self-rating Scale for Children (DSRSC) and Screening for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED) were used to assess the mental health status, while the school life satisfaction was evaluated by the School Life Satisfaction Rating Questionnaire for Adolescents (SLSRQA), and the data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression models. Results The prevalence of the negative life events was 84.9%, unsatisfactory examination performance (48.6%), unreached the teacher's expectation (46.2%), parental chatter (41.4%), unbalanced learning (37.9%), and getting parents scold (27.6%) constituted the main negative life events. The prevalence of depressive symptom, anxiety symptom, and dissatisfaction of school life were significantly higher among middle school students living with negative life events (41.1%, 22.6%, 26.0%) than those without negative life events (20.9%, 3.5%, 16.5%), (?2=71.33, 94.78, 19.83, P<0.001). The prevalence of the psychosomatic health involvement significantly increased with the increase of the number of the dimensions and events (P<0.001). The multivariate logistic regression showed that negative life events were the risk factors of depression, anxiety and dissatisfaction of school life. Their OR values were 2.483 (1.951-3.160), 7.245 (4.411-11.899) and 1.733 (1.325-2.267), respectively. The risk of occurring mental symptoms among children with the number of dimensions≥4 and/or the number of events≥12 was two times higher than those of children without such increase in numbers of dimensions and events. Conclusion The status of negative life events is serious among middle school students in Shaoxing. There are statistical associations between negative life events and mental symptoms.

Objective To isolate Toxoplasma gondii T. gondii strains from stray cats and explore their prevalence in Xu?zhou City. Methods The sera of 41 stray cats were collected to detect the antibodies of T. gondii by using a commercial enzyme?linked immunosorbent ELISA kit. The tissues including the heart brain and tongue from these cats were digested by acid pep?sin solution and inoculated to Kunming mice. These suspicious isolates were subsequently identified by a specific PCR method. Results A total of 11 strains were isolated from 41 stray cats which were confirmed by the PCR results. Moreover 17 cats 41.5% were found to be positive with the antibodies of T. gondii. Conclusion A high prevalence of T. gondii infection was found in Xuzhou City which indicates that the stray cats infected with T. gondii would be an important infection source that may infect humans and other animals in this area.

Objective To investigate the relationship between CYP3A5 gene polymorphism and tacrolimus concentration/dose ratio in children living donor liver transplantation and the correlation with clinical efficacy,for the relatives living donor liver transplantation in children tacrolimus individualized medication providing reference indicators.Methods Peripheral blood samples were collected from children with relatives living donor liver transplantation in the center of liver transplantation,the genotype of CYP3A5 was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/pyrophosphate sequencing,The dosage of tacrolimus and blood concentration,liver and kidney function and other related indicators were measured within 3 months after operation According to genotypes,the children can be divided into gene expression group (CYP3A5 *1/*1 and CYP3A5 *1/*3) and non-expression group (CYP3A5*3/*3).The drug concentration (C0),tacrolimus dose / body weight (D/W) ratio,drug concentration/dose (C0/D) ratio of each genotype at 1 day,3 d,5 d,7 d,14 d,28 d,2 months and 3 months after administration and the genotype at the time point on liver and kidney function was carried out statistics.Results Among the 80 cases,36 cases (45.0％) were CYP3A5*3/*3,37 cases (46.2％) were CYP3A5*1/*3,7 cases (8.8％) were CYP3A5*1/*1.CYP3A5 gene expression group reached a therapeutic concentration range (C0 ＞ 8 μg/L) than the gene non-expression group takes longer time.There was no significant difference in CYP3A5 gene expression group between the non-expression group on the initial dose (P＞ 0.05);CYP3A5 gene expression group than the non-expression group,tacrolimus C0 within 1 month after operation were statistically significant.CYP3A5 gene expression group than the non-expression group,tacrolimus D/ W in addition to the first day after surgery,other time points were statistically significant (P＜0.05).CYP3A5 gene expression group than the non-expression group,C0/D at the above time points were statistically significant (P＜0.05);There were no significant differences in liver and kidney function between the two genotypes (P ＞ 0.05),but there was significant difference in the alkaline phosphatase.Conclusion CYP3A5 gene expression in children than non-expression group of children need higher doses to reach the therapeutic drug concentration;CYP3A5 gene polymorphism had significant effects on early tacrolimus C0,D/W and C0/D values;CYP3A5 gene polymorphism is instructive for the administration of tacrolimus in children with living donor liver transplantation,CYP3A5 gene type tests should be regular,improve efficacy and reduce the incidence of adverse reactions.

The solubility parameter determination of astrageloside from Buyang Huanwu decoction with inverse gas chromatography (IGC) method evaluation was investigated in this paper. Di-n-octyl phthalate Kwai alternative sample was used to carry out methodological study. The accuracy of the measured correlation coefficient was 0.992 1. Experimental precision measured by IGC experiments showed that the results were accurate and reliable. The sample was uniformly coated on the surface of an inert carrier and N2 gas was carrier gas, a variety of polar solvents such as isopropanol, toluene, acetone, chloroform, cyclohexane as probes. TCD detector temperature was 150 degrees C, gas room temperature was 120 degrees C. Similar headspace method was used whichever over 1 μL gas into the GC measurement, Retention time t(R), t(0) and all the parameters of air and probes molecules within the column were tested. Astragaloside solubility parameter was (21.02 ± 2.4) [J x cm(-3)] ½, literature value was 19.24 [J x cm(-3)] ½, and relevant coefficient was 0.984 5. IGC method is effective and accurate to measure ingredients solubility parameter.
Chromatography, Gas ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Saponins ; chemistry ; Solubility

The change of the effective components (liquiritin, glycyrrhizic acid, liquiritigenin, isoliquiritigenin) contents of Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (GRR) before and after compatibilities in Sini decoction was studied in this paper. Taking single GRR decoction, GRR-Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (ALRP) decoction, GRR-Zingiberis Rhizoma (ZR) decoction and Sini decoction as test samples, the contents changing of the four effective components of GRR were measured by HPLC. The results showed that the contents of the four effective components of GRR in the single GRR decoction was higher than that in other samples, and the sequence was single GRR decoction > GRR-ZR decoction > GRR-ALRP decoction > Sini decoction. The contents of liquiritin were 11.18, 9.89, 9.67, 9.17 mg · g(-1); the contents of glycyrrhizic acid were 20.76, 15.58, 11.30, 8.52 mg · g(-1); the contents of liquiritigenin were 0.66, 0.57, 0.45, 0.24 mg · g(-1); the contents of isoliquiritigenin were 0.14, 0.07, 0.03, 0.01 mg · g(-1). Therefore, the effective components of GRR decreased obviously after GRR compatibility with ZR providing scientific basis for GRR relieving the strong nature of ZR. The effective components of GRR decreased sharply after GRR compatibility with ALRP providing scientific support for the material foundation research of GRR reducing the toxicity of ALRP. The effective components of GRR decreased further in Sini decoction indicating that the three medicines in Sini decoction were interactional, which reflecting the scientific connotation of the mutual-restraint/mutual-detoxication, mutual-promotion/mutual-assistance compatibilities in Sini decoction.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drug Compounding ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Glycyrrhiza ; chemistry ; Rhizome ; chemistry

To investigate the potential ability of the nitrite to induce neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells, cultured PC12 cells planted on matrigel in the presence or absence of sodium nitrite were employed as model, nerve growth factor (NGF) served as a positive control. After 48 h, sodium nitrite enhanced cell viability and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion. Same as the effect of NGF, sodium nitrite (1.4 mmol x L(-1)) treated cultures contained a greater proportion of cells bearing neurites and neurites were much longer than those found in negative control cultures (P < 0.05). Compared with the negative control, sodium nitrite (1.4 mmol x L(-1)) also upregulated the expression of VEGF mRNA (P < 0.05) and hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha) or VEGF protein expression (P < 0.05) in cultures of PC12 cells. On the other hand, these effects of the sodium nitrite were likely mediated by HIF-1alpha, since their effects were antagonized by addition of HIF-1alpha inhibitor YC-1. Taken together, these results suggest that low doses of sodium nitrite could induce neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells by activating the HIF-1alpha-VEGF pathway.
Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Food Preservatives ; pharmacology ; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ; genetics ; metabolism ; Neurites ; drug effects ; PC12 Cells ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Rats ; Sodium Nitrite ; pharmacology ; Up-Regulation ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; genetics ; secretion