Construction Materials ; Dust ; prevention & control ; Occupational Exposure ; prevention & control ; Ventilation ; instrumentation ; Workplace

OBJECTIVETo analyze the change in drug resistance of Staphylococcus aureus (SAU) in the PLA general hospital from January 2008 to December 2012, and to provide solid evidence to support the rational use of antibiotics for clinical applications.

METHODSThe SAU strains isolated from clinical samples in the hospital were collected and subjected to the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test. The results were assessed based on the 2002 American National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) guidelines.

RESULTSSAU strains were mainly isolated from sputum, urine, blood and wound excreta and distributed in penology, neurology wards, orthopedics and surgery ICU wards. Except for glycopeptide drugs, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) had a higher drug resistance rate than those of the other drugs and had significantly more resistance than methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) (P < 0.05). In the dynamic observation of drug resistance, we discovered a gradual increase in drug resistance to fourteen test drugs during the last five years.

CONCLUSIONDrug resistance rate of SAU stayed at a higher level over the last five years; moreover, the detection ratio of MRSA keeps rising year by year. It is crucial for physicians to use antibiotics rationally and monitor the change in drug resistance in a dynamic way.

Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; Humans ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; drug effects ; Staphylococcal Infections ; drug therapy ; Staphylococcus aureus ; drug effects

ObjectiveTo explore the association of smoking to the Aspirin and Clopidogrel antiplatelet in patients with stable angina after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods241 smoking patients and 252 non-smoking patients underwent PCI for stable coronary artery disease, all patients had taken aspirin 100 mg/d for 7 d or more. The arachidonic acid (AA)- and adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation were tested as they got in hospital. Then, they accepted Clopidogrel 300 mg as loading dose, continued with 75 mg/d for 3 d. The ADP-induced platelet aggregation were re-tested. ResultsThe incidence of aspirin resistance (AR) and aspirin semiresponder (ASR) was 19.1% in all the cases, and was 25.5% in smoking group, 14.3% in non-smoking group (P=0.027). Age (OR=3.79，95%CI: 1.77～8.12) and smoking (OR=1.98，95%CI: 1.18～4.43) were the independent risk factors of AR and ASR. The incidence of Clopidogrel resistance was 19.5% in all the cases, and was 13.2% in smoking group, 24.3% in non-smoking group (P=0.03). Smoking (OR=0.22，95%CI: 0.09～0.54) may reduce the risk of Clopidogrel resistance. ConclusionSmoking increased the risk of AR and ASR, but reduced the risk of Clopidogrel resistance.

In the experiments we used T_6 medium prepared by ourselves and mixed with diferent concentrations of human serum albumin or mother's serum, from which we prepared follicular flushing medium, insemination medium and growth medium. Clomiphene citrate and HCG were used for inducing superovulation. The semen was obtained through masturbation and artificially capacitated. A mature ovum and 2-3 drops of capacitated semen were incubated together in insemination medium in the culture box containing 5% CO_2 in air atmosphere at 37℃. The ovum was aspirated and transferred into the growth medium and incubated for 16-17 hours. By this time the ovum was already fertilized with the appearance of 2 pronuclei. About 30 hrs, it normally developed into two-cell stage, 40-44 hrs, it cleavaged into 4-cell stage. After 72 hrs, the fertilized ovum grew into morula. Up to June, 1986 twentythree ova in vitro fertilized and cultured were transfered into 14 mothers, uteri at the four-cell stage. The details of fertilization and the early embryo development in vitro were described.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have a strong self-renewal capacity and multi-differentiation potential,which make them become ideal seed cells of tissue repair and target cells of gene therapy.However,the labeling and tracing method of MSCs transplanted in vivo is the hot spot and difficult problem of the current research.At present,the commonly used tracer methods of MSCs include fluorescence dye labeling,molecular marker,imaging marker technology.This paper summarized the advantages and disadvantages of these tracer methods.

Humans ; Occupational Health ; Protective Devices ; utilization ; Welding

Adult ; Cranial Fossa, Middle ; anatomy & histology ; surgery ; Ear, Inner ; anatomy & histology ; surgery ; Facial Nerve ; anatomy & histology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male

OBJECTIVETo investigate the genome structure variation (SV) related with keloid using the whole-gene resequencing technology.

METHODSWe studied a keloid pedigree containing 4 generation of 27 people. 5 people (4 cases of keloid patients, and 1 case of normal) were selected to extract the genomic DNA. Then the whole-gene resequencing technique was used to check the variations.

RESULTSThrough database comparison and variation annotation analysis, we obtained 2 SVs associated with keloid formation. We used DAVID software to do the gene ontology and pathway analysis. We found a 168 bp inversion in gene tetraspanin 8 (TSPAN8) in all keloid patients, which contained the forth exon of TSPAN8.

CONCLUSIONSThere was no report about SVs related to keloid. In this study, we found 2 SVs associated with keloid, especially TSPAN8. The tumor cells express the TSPAN8 can up-regulate the vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors, promote the adjacent fibroblasts secrete matrix metalloproteinases and uridylyl phosphate adenosine. So we hypothesis that the inversion of the forth exon in TSPAN8 may lead to the signal transduction disorder in the keloid patients. This study was a preliminary research. It needs a further study containing large sample to confirm.

Base Sequence ; Female ; Humans ; Keloid ; genetics ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Pedigree ; Sequence Analysis ; methods ; Tetraspanins ; genetics

Objective:To analyze the job preference of doctors at township health center ( THC) and provide references for formulating effective policy. Methods:238 cases of doctors were sampled from Shandong, Anhui and Shaanxi provinces. Using a discrete choice experiment, we analyzed the data with a conditional logit model. Results:The most important job attribution was salary, followed by education for children, permanent post, work location, training opportunity, and years before promotion. The OR value of the monthly income of 8 000 yuan is 7. 0 compared to 2 000 yuan. Doctors will pay 3 857 yuan and 3 294 yuan respectively for better education for children and perma-nent posts. Monthly income increasing to 8 000 yuan will reduce the quitting rate from 35% to 8%, and providing better education for children and permanent posts will reduce 5%. The permanent posts at township health center and non-permanent posts in county hospital have the same appeal to the doctor. Conclusion:When choosing a job, doc-tors at THCs valued salary the most. Improving the education level for children can be beneficial for attracting and re-taining doctors at THCs. A permanent post is more attractive to doctors than non-permanent posts at THCs.

Objective To observe the 12-lead ECG ( electrocardiogram ) characteristics of Japanese rabbits , and provide basic ECG data for cardiovascular disease research .Methods The 12-lead ECG and X-rays of 55 male Japanese rabbits were recorded in supine position after intraperitoneal injection of 20% urethane.Results ECG:① The 12-lead ECG characteristics of male Japanese rabbits were similar to humans .The rabbit heart rate was 265.5 ±36.8 beats/min, faster than that of humans .No arrhythmia was found in all the 55 rabbits.② The supine position average ECG axis was between 19 °to 250 °, varying a lot .③P wave:The shape of P wave was blunt round or a little bit sharp .P waves were all in accordance with the sinus P wave rules , which were more obvious in lead II , aVF and all chest leads .④ The PR interval was 0.063 ±0.007 s.⑤The QRS duration was 0.040 ±0.005 s.The main waves were mostly upward in leadsⅡ,Ⅲ, and aVF .The same as humans , the R/S ratios were increased by degrees in chest leads .⑥The ST segment was short, and was located in the equipotential line .⑦ The shapes of T wave were mostly round , partly had twin peaks .T waves were more obvious in leads Ⅱ,Ⅲ, aVR, and AVF and chest leads .⑧The QT interval was 0.142 ±0.015 s, and QTc was 0.306 ±0.034 s.In the X-rays, most heart shadows were in the center and right chest .Conclusions The normal values of 12-lead ECG characteristics of Japanese rabbits are obtained in this study , which are of certain application value in experimental studies of cardiovascular diseases .