Construction Materials ; Dust ; prevention & control ; Occupational Exposure ; prevention & control ; Ventilation ; instrumentation ; Workplace

OBJECTIVETo analyze the change in drug resistance of Staphylococcus aureus (SAU) in the PLA general hospital from January 2008 to December 2012, and to provide solid evidence to support the rational use of antibiotics for clinical applications.

METHODSThe SAU strains isolated from clinical samples in the hospital were collected and subjected to the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test. The results were assessed based on the 2002 American National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) guidelines.

RESULTSSAU strains were mainly isolated from sputum, urine, blood and wound excreta and distributed in penology, neurology wards, orthopedics and surgery ICU wards. Except for glycopeptide drugs, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) had a higher drug resistance rate than those of the other drugs and had significantly more resistance than methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) (P < 0.05). In the dynamic observation of drug resistance, we discovered a gradual increase in drug resistance to fourteen test drugs during the last five years.

CONCLUSIONDrug resistance rate of SAU stayed at a higher level over the last five years; moreover, the detection ratio of MRSA keeps rising year by year. It is crucial for physicians to use antibiotics rationally and monitor the change in drug resistance in a dynamic way.

Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; Humans ; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ; drug effects ; Staphylococcal Infections ; drug therapy ; Staphylococcus aureus ; drug effects

ObjectiveTo explore the association of smoking to the Aspirin and Clopidogrel antiplatelet in patients with stable angina after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods241 smoking patients and 252 non-smoking patients underwent PCI for stable coronary artery disease, all patients had taken aspirin 100 mg/d for 7 d or more. The arachidonic acid (AA)- and adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation were tested as they got in hospital. Then, they accepted Clopidogrel 300 mg as loading dose, continued with 75 mg/d for 3 d. The ADP-induced platelet aggregation were re-tested. ResultsThe incidence of aspirin resistance (AR) and aspirin semiresponder (ASR) was 19.1% in all the cases, and was 25.5% in smoking group, 14.3% in non-smoking group (P=0.027). Age (OR=3.79，95%CI: 1.77～8.12) and smoking (OR=1.98，95%CI: 1.18～4.43) were the independent risk factors of AR and ASR. The incidence of Clopidogrel resistance was 19.5% in all the cases, and was 13.2% in smoking group, 24.3% in non-smoking group (P=0.03). Smoking (OR=0.22，95%CI: 0.09～0.54) may reduce the risk of Clopidogrel resistance. ConclusionSmoking increased the risk of AR and ASR, but reduced the risk of Clopidogrel resistance.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have a strong self-renewal capacity and multi-differentiation potential,which make them become ideal seed cells of tissue repair and target cells of gene therapy.However,the labeling and tracing method of MSCs transplanted in vivo is the hot spot and difficult problem of the current research.At present,the commonly used tracer methods of MSCs include fluorescence dye labeling,molecular marker,imaging marker technology.This paper summarized the advantages and disadvantages of these tracer methods.

In the experiments we used T_6 medium prepared by ourselves and mixed with diferent concentrations of human serum albumin or mother's serum, from which we prepared follicular flushing medium, insemination medium and growth medium. Clomiphene citrate and HCG were used for inducing superovulation. The semen was obtained through masturbation and artificially capacitated. A mature ovum and 2-3 drops of capacitated semen were incubated together in insemination medium in the culture box containing 5% CO_2 in air atmosphere at 37℃. The ovum was aspirated and transferred into the growth medium and incubated for 16-17 hours. By this time the ovum was already fertilized with the appearance of 2 pronuclei. About 30 hrs, it normally developed into two-cell stage, 40-44 hrs, it cleavaged into 4-cell stage. After 72 hrs, the fertilized ovum grew into morula. Up to June, 1986 twentythree ova in vitro fertilized and cultured were transfered into 14 mothers, uteri at the four-cell stage. The details of fertilization and the early embryo development in vitro were described.

Humans ; Occupational Health ; Protective Devices ; utilization ; Welding

Adult ; Cranial Fossa, Middle ; anatomy & histology ; surgery ; Ear, Inner ; anatomy & histology ; surgery ; Facial Nerve ; anatomy & histology ; surgery ; Humans ; Male

Objective To study the effect of neuroepithelial cell transforming gene 1 (Net1) on the cellular radiosensitivity and underlying mechanism.Methods Real-time quantitative PCR was used to measure the variations in Net1 expression level upon irradiation.Radiosensitivity was analyzed by colonyforming assay after Net1-siRNAs.Net1-associated proteins were identified by co-immunoprecipitation.Results The Net1 mRNA level in the cells was increased significantly (t =-10.52,P ＜ 0.05) after irradiation.Compared to the control group,siRNA-mediated silencing of Net1 enhanced cell radiosensitivity (t =15.31,11.65,P ＜0.05).Net1 was found to interact with Ku70,Ku80 and DNA-PKcs under either normal conditions or after irradiation.Conclusions Net1 could protect cells from irradiation by interaction with DNA repair proteins in non-homologous end joining pathway.

Objective To explore the relationship between osteoporosis knowledge and activities and fear of falling of elderly in the community.Method 420 elders in community were investigated with osteoporosis knowledge assessment tool (OKAT) and the modified survey of activities and fear of falling in the elderly (MSAFFE).Result The overall average score of MSAFFE was (25.36±4.58),and exercise capacity dimension scored higher (13.89±2.41).The overall average score of OKAT was (9.11±3.81).The correlation coefficient of MSAFFE and OKAT was-0.11～ 0.58(P＜0.05).The level of knowledge osteoporosis could explain 24％,18％,16％ variation of activities and fear of falling in each dimension.Conclusion The level of knowledge osteoporosis in the elderly is closely related to activity and fear of falling.Health education should be strengthened to improve the life quality of older people.

Nowadays, the research performance evaluation in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is basically exploring the principles and rules. What become the problems are that what index system can fully reflect the TCM performance evaluation, and what method can reflect the characteristics of TCM performance evaluation. Analyzing the status of the Korean research performance evaluation, we briefly disseminated how to establish the TCM performance evaluation.