Objective To observe the expressions of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) 1,3a and 3b in retinoblastoma (RB).Methods Sixty-two RB samples and six normal retinas were studied,including 17 poorly differentiated and 45 well differentiated samples; 16 invasive and 46 non-invasive samples.The expressions of DNMT1,3a,and 3b,and Ki-67 were detected using immunohistochemical analysis.Brown staining of nuclei was considered to represent the positive stain for DNMT1,3a and 3b,and ki-67,blue staining as negative.The level of high expression of nuclear staining was,positive cells in DNMT1≥65 ％,in DNMT3a≥60％ and in DNMT3b≥40％.The correlations of DNMT1,3a and 3b expression in RB samples,and MIB-1 labeling index were analyzed.Results Viewed under the light microscope,negative expressions of DNMT1,3a and 3b were demonstrated in normal retinas,however,positive expression was observed in RB samples,with 100％ in DNMT1,98％ in DNMT3a and 92％ in DNMT3b.Comparing well differentiated RB samples with poorly differentiated samples,significant differences were found in high expression of DNMT1 (x2 =12.57,P＜0.05) and DNMT3a (x2 =10.54,P＜0.05) ; also in the positive cells of DNMT1 (U=179,P＜0.05) and DNMT3a (U=198,P＜0.05).No significant difference was found comparing high expression (x2=1.5,P＞0.05) and positive cells (U=307,P＞0.05) of DNMT3b.When comparing invasive tumor tissues with non-invasive tumors,significant differences were shown between high expression (x2 =4.72,P＜0.05) and positive cells comparing DNMT1 (U=236,P＜0.05).No significant difference was shown in high expression (x2=3.53,0.84; P＞0.05) in DNMT3a and DNMT3b,or in comparison with positive cells (U=338,257; P＞0.05).The expression of DNMTs was positively correlated with the MIB-1 labeling index in RB tissues (R2=0.554,0.376,0.219; P＜0.05).Conclusion There are high expressions of DNMT1,3a,and 3b in RB.

Objective To observe the expression and relationship of high-mobility group A(HMGA) 1,HMGA2,MIB-1 labeling index (LI) and let-7 in retinoblastoma (RB).Methods Forty-four RB samples were studied,including 11 poorly differentiated samples,33 well-differentiated samples; eight invasive and 36 non-invasive samples.The expression of HMGA1,HMGA2 and MIB-1 LI in RB were analyzed by immunohistochemitry.The HMGA1,HMGA2 were scored on a scale of 0 to high expression.0: no expression ; low: 1％ - 10 ％ ; medium: 11 ％ - 50 ％ ; high: ＞50 ％.The MIB LI were scored on a scale of 0to high expression.O: no expression;low: 1％ - 40％;high: ＞ 40％.Semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to assay the let-7 expression level: ≥ 80％ showed no significantly decreased expression; 60％ - 79％ showed medium decrease in expression; ＜ 60％ highly decreased in expression.Results In 44 RB samples,there were 14 cases with no HMGA1 expression (32％),11 cases with low expression (25％),10 cases with medium expression (23％),and nine cases with high expression (20％).Expression level of HMGA1 was significantly higher in poorly differentiated RB than in well-differentiated RB (x2 =11.3,P＜0.01) ; however,no statistically significant difference was found between invasive tumors and noninvasive tumors (x2 -5.9,P＞0.05).There were 11 cases with no HMGA2 expression (25％),11 cases with low expression-(25％),nine cases with medium expression (20％),and 13 cases with high expression (30％).Expression level of HMGA2 was significantly higher in poorly differentiated and invasive RB than in well differentiated and noninvasive RB respectively (x2=20.9,8.7; P＜0.05).There were 4 cases with no MIB-1 LI expression (9％),18 cases with low expression (41％),and 22 cases with high expression (50％).Expression level of MIB1 LI was significantly higher in poorly differentiated RB than in well-differentiated RB (t=5.2,P＜0.05).Higher expression of MIB-1 LI was found in invasive tumors than in noninvasive tumors,with no significant difference (t=-1.1,P＞0.05).Twenty seven cases had no significantly decreased expression of let-7 (61％).There were eight cases with medium decreased expression (18％) and nine cases with highly decreased expression (21％).Correlation analyses revealed that MIB1 LI expression significantly correlated with HMGA1and HMGA2 proteins (r=0.327,0.602; P＜0.05).A significantly inverse correlation existed between let-7 expression and HMGA1,HMGA2 proteins and MIB-1LI respectively (r=-0.247,-0.310,-0.392; P＜0.05).Conclusions Overexpression of HMGA1,HMGA2 and MIB-1 LI and down regulation of let-7 were demonstrated in RB.Supplying let-7 to RB cells can possibly inhibit HMGA1 and HMGA2 expression.

Objective To evaluate the effects of health education of house-to-house visit in malaria prevention and control in the border and minority areas. Methods A health education of house-to-house visit in malaria prevention and control was car-ried out,and baseline and follow up surveys were conducted by qualitative and quantitative methods to document the changes of local villagers’knowledge,attitudes and behaviors(KAP)of malaria prevention and control in 2 counties of Yunnan Province, and the results before and after the interventions were analyzed and compared. Results After the intervention,the cognition rates about malaria symptoms and signs,transmission mode,preventive measures and health-seeking behaviors were 99.3%, 98.9%,79.9%and 99.3%respectively in the local residents,and those were 39.2%,8.2%,47.0%and 49.9%respectively be-fore the intervention,and all the differences were statistically significant(P all<0.01). Conclusions KAP related to malaria among the targeting population has improved after the interventions and the house-to-house visit is an effective community-based health education approach.

Objective To investigate the present status and developments of Chinese military neurosurgery, make an objective analysis about the achievements and deficiencies, and propose a developing trend for the field of Chinese military neurosurgery. Methods The scientific literatures of neurosurgery published domestically and abroad in recent 5 years were partially reviewed. The advances and achievements in basic researches and clinical works of neurosurgery acquired during the period of the 11th Five Year Plan were analyzed. Results During the period of the 11th Five Year Plan, Chinese military neurosurgery was still in the lead position in traditional areas such as traumatic brain injury. In the meantime, great achievements were obtained in the researches of brain and spinal cord tumors, endovascular treatment and functional neurosurgery, and 47 items of Army Science and Technology Advancement Prizes or Military Medical Achievement Awards were acquired. A great progress was made in personnel training. However, unbalanced development in neurosurgery field still existed within military departments, between military and civil departments and between different regions, so an enhanced technical interchange and cooperation is needed. Conclusions On the coming period, the research work of military neurosurgery should focuse on basic and clinical research of gene therapy to keep in step with neurosurgical trends in the world. On the other hand, attention should be paid to technological innovation with military features such as professional and general treatment of traumatic brain injury and researches on the development of protective equipments.

OBJECTIVETo study the surgical management of enophthalmos after severe malar maxillary complex fracture.

METHODSThe X-ray and CT examination were performed before operation to diagnose the orbital fracture and intraorbital tissue displacement. The fractured orbital rim was repositioned intraoperatively, followed by implantation of shaped titanium mesh to rebuild the orbital floor. The Medpor was inserted above the titanium mesh to correct the enophthalmos.

RESULTSFrom Sept. 2007 to Jan. 2009, 6 cases of enophthalmos after severe malar-maxillary complex fracture were treated. The enophthalmos was corrected or improved obviously in all the patients.

CONCLUSIONSThe enophthalmos after severe malar-maxillary complex fracture can be corrected or obviously improved. Shaped titanium mesh can be used to rebuild the orbital floor with the Medpor to reconstruct the intraorbital tissue volume.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Enophthalmos ; etiology ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Maxillary Fractures ; complications ; Middle Aged ; Orbit ; surgery ; Polyethylenes ; Surgical Mesh ; Titanium ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult ; Zygomatic Fractures ; complications

Objective To clarify the clinicopathological features of ovarian clear cell carcinoma derived from endometriotic cyst (EC-OCCC).Methods Totally 54 cases of EC-OCCC were recruited in the current retrospective study.The relation between ages, clinical symptoms and signs, surgical and pathological stages, serum CA125, findings of ultrasound, treatments and the sites of tumors, macro-and micro-features and expression of immunostainings were analyzed.Results (1) Clinical features: the ages of patients were (50±6) years old (range 31-62 years old).Pelvic mass was the major complaint of 50 patients (93％, 50/54).Forty-five cases belonged to International federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage Ⅰ, 4 cases were stage Ⅱ and another 5 cases were stage Ⅲ.Serum CA125 was elevated in 21 cases (54％, 21/39) before therapy.Doppler ultrasound showed 46 cases (85％, 46/54) had solid masses in pelvis.(2) Pathological findings: 52 cases (96％, 52/54) had their tumor unilaterally, and 2 cases (4％, 2/54) occurred bilaterally.The maximal diameters of endometriotic cyst (EC) ranged from 1.5 to 23.0 cm and maximal diameters of ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) components were from 0.5 to 12.0 cm.Fifty-one cases (94％, 51/54) had their tumor within EC, which showed focally irregular protrudings, grey-white papillae or solid nodules attached to the cyst wall.Three cases (6％, 3/54) appeared as irregular thickened wall of the cysts, ranged from 1.5 to 6.0 cm in the maximal length, with the microscopic features of EC and OCCC and the transitional areas between the 2 morphologies.All cases expressed cytokeratin (CK) 7 and pan-CK AE1/AE3, 17 cases (33％, 17/51) expressed ER and 5 cases (10％, 5/51) expressed PR.TP53 showed mutational phenotype in 19 cases (36％, 19/53).Sixteen cases (30％, 16/54) combined with uterine adenomyosis and 25 cases (46％, 25/54) with endometriosis at other sites.(3) Survival survey: during the period of 39.1 months follow-up, 3 cases relapsed and 2 cases died.(4) There was a significant difference of serum CA125 between patients of early-and advanced-stages (P=0.049).There were no differences identified in ages, diameters of EC and OCCC, the expression level of ER, PR and TP53, the co-existence of adenomyosis and endometrosis, as well as ultrasonic findings (P＞0.05).Conclusion EC-OCCC could be recognized in early stage by symptoms and ultrasound due to accompanied endometriotic cysts, resulting in relatively good prognosis.

Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry ( LA_ICP_MS ) was applied for the determination of doping element chromium( Cr) content and distribution in Cr∶ZnSe crystals. Several different Cr∶ZnSe crystals were prepared by diffusion method as reference material to solve the problem of accurate quantization. The homogeneity of Cr in these samples was characterized by LA_ICP_MS and the concentrations achieved by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry ( ICP_AES ) . With signal pot and line scan sampling, the present method provided effective position and content distribution information of Cr in ZnSe crystals, achieved the in situ analysis. The correlation coefficient of Cr in calibration curve was 0. 9992 and the detection limit was 0. 08 mg/kg. It could provide effective means for the distribution statistics of doping element in different growth condition crystals.

A rapid, sensitive, label-free and separation-free analytical method for determination of melamine ( MA) was developed based on surface enhanced Raman scattering ( SERS ) effect of gold nanoparticles. Through tri-sodium citrate reduction method, gold nanoparticles with average diameter of 30 nm were obtained. The melamine detection platform was constructed after self-assembling 4-mercapto phenylboronic acid (4-MPBA) on the surface of gold nanoparticles through Au S covalent bond. When MA existed in solution, 4-MPBA functionalized gold nanoparticles would aggregate because of strong hydrogen bond interaction between MA and 4-MPBA. Moreover, following increase of the concentration of MA, gold nanoparticles would aggregate more intensively and form more hot spots. As a result, Raman signal of 4-MPBA and MA was enhanced greatly. The characteristic Raman peaks of 4-MPBA and MA respectively located at 1076 cm-1 and 715 cm-1 . Hence, the qualitative and quantitative detection for MA were realized based on the ratio value of I715 cm-1 to I1076 cm-1 . The linear range of MA detection was 0 . 1 μmol/L-1. 5 μmol/L. The limit of detection (LOD) reached 0. 02 μmol/L in terms of three times signal to noise.

Objective To investigate the surgical techniques and clinical efficacy of cannulated screws combined with transposition of cuboid periosteal flap pedicled with fascia and lateral tarsal artery in the treatment of talus neck fractures.Methods From March 2008 to June 2011,12 cases with talus neck fractures were treated with cannulated screws combined with transposition of cuboid periosteal flap pedicled with fascia and lateral tarsal artery.External fixation in functional position for 12-14 weeks,and the load time was determined by X-ray fracture healing.Functional results were assessed according to AOFAS (American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society) score at last follow-up.Results Twelve cases were followed up for an average of 24 months (12 to 48 months).One case of skin flap necrosis healed by dressing.All the fractures healed,and the mean healing time was 20 weeks (16 to 24 weeks).AOFAS ankle and hindfoot mean postoperative score was 82.5 (ranging from 55 to 96) points.Among them 4 cases were excellent,good in 5 cases,fair in 3 cases.Two cases presented with mild posttraumatic subtalar arthritis and pain relief after oral anti-inflammatory analgesic.One case with avascular necrosis of talus body,and X-ray displayed sclerosis of talus body,but no collapse,and the patient was told to reduce weight and regularly followed up.Conclusion The application of cannulated screws combined with transposition of cuboid periosteal flap pedicled with fascia and lateral tarsal artery for the treatment of talus neck fractures is an effective treatment,which can improves the blood supply of the talus body and reduces the occurrence of avascular necrosis of the talus.