Aim To investigate the effects of Ang Ⅱ receptor antagonist irbesartan on the expressions of connective tissue growth factor(CTGF) and membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase(MT1-MMP) in high glucose-cultured rat glomerular mesangial cells(GMCs).Methods High concentration glucose and irbesartan were used to stimulate the cultured rat GMCs in vitro.The mRNA and protein expressions of CTGF and MT1-MMP were detected with semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot.The secreted collagen Ⅳ in the supernatants of the GMCs was detected by enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay(ELISA).Results Compared with control group,the expressions of CTGF were continuously increased in GMCs under high concentration glucose medium;otherwise the mRNA and protein levels of MT1-MMP in GMCs were decreased in a time-dependent manner at the same time.These changes were accompanied by increased secretion of collagen Ⅳ.Irbesartan could inhibit those changes induced by high glucose.Conclusions High glucosecould induce the expression of CTGF and inhibit the expression of MT1-MMP in GMCs.Irbesartan could inhibit the secretion of ECM in GMCs under high concentration glucose medium,partly by regulating the expressions of CTGF and MT1-MMP.

Aim To investigate the effects of irbesartan on Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in tubular epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)in HKCs induced by high-glucose.Methods Human kidney proximal tubular epithelial cell line(HKCs)cultured in vitro was divided into four groups:normal-glucose group,mannitol control group,high-glucose group and high-glucose plus irbesartan group.Immunocytochemistry staining was used to observe the expression of β-catenin;the protein expression of Wnt4,β-catenin,E-cadherin and α-SMA was assessed by Western blot;Wnt4 and β-catenin mRNA were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results Compared with normal-glucose and mannitol control group,both the protein and the mRNA of Wnt4 were up-regulated in HKCs stimulated by high-glucose.α-SMA expression significantly increased but E-cadherin decreased in HG group.The cytoplastic and nuclear fraction of β-catenin enhanced with highglucose stimulation.But no difference of the total protein and mRNA of β-catenin was observed between highglucose-treatment and control groups.Highglucose induced Wnt4 and β-catenin expression in a time-dependent manner,both peaking at 24 h.Irbesartan reduced the promotional effect of HG on Wnt4 and α-SMA expression,and nuclear translocation of β-catenin.HG-mediated inhibition of E-cadherin was also restored by irbesartan.Conclusion These data supported a functional role for Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway during epithelial-mesenchymal transition of HKCs induced by high glucose and suggested that irbesartan might reverse tubular EMT by regulating activity of Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of flurbiprofen axetil for treatment of break-through pain (BTP) in patients with metastatic bone cancer pain.Methods Ninety-seven patients with metastatic bone cancer pain complicated with BTP were randomly divided into morphine group (M group,n =51) and flurbiprofen axetil group (F group,n =46).In group M,immediate release morphine sulfate was given orally,and the single dose for pain relief was about 10％ to 15％ of the daily slow-release dose,and the administration was repeated until BTP was relieved.In group F,flurbiprofen axetil 50 mg was infused intravenously over 30 min,and the maximum dose was 150 mg.The BTP frequency was recorded within one month after the first BTP relief.The drug consump-tion for treatment of primary cancer pain,and adverse reaction were recorded.Results The onset time of flurbiprofen axetil and immediate release morphine sulfate was (18± 9) and (35± 11) min,respectively (P ＜ 0.05).The onset time of BTP treatment was significantly shorter,and the incidence of constipation was lower in group F than in group M (P ＜ 0.05).There was no statistical significance in the BTP frequency between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).As compared with that before BTP treatment,the drug consumption for treatment of primary cancer pain was significantly increased after treatment in group M (P ＜ 0.05) and no significant changes were found after treatment in group F (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Flurbiprofen axetil is safer and more effective in relieving BTP in patients with metastatic bone cancer pain than immediate release morphine sulfate,and it does not affect the drug tolerance for treatment of primary pain.

The paper introduces a designing idea and a carrying-out scheme about expanding functions of single channel electrocardiograph in Chinese community medical service and looks forward to its applying prospects.
Community Health Services ; Electricity ; Electrocardiography, Ambulatory ; instrumentation ; Equipment Design ; Humans ; Microcomputers ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Software

Background More efforts have been made in the functional protection of the glaucoma ganglion cells (RGCs) nowadays.As main ingredient,astragalus polysaccharides (APS) enhances neuron regeneration protein expression and promotes peripheral nerve recovery.But whether APS has a protecting effect on RGCs is incompletely clear.Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of APS on the RGCs in a rat model of experimental glaucoma.Methods Forty-four SPF SD rats were divided into 4 groups randomly as follows:normal control group,negative control group,low dose APS group and high dose APS group,with 10 rats for each group.APS of 500 mg/kg or 2000 mg/kg (2.5 ml) was administered by gavage feeding once daily for 2 weeks in low dose or high dose of APS group,respectively,and the same volume of normal saline solution was applied instead of APS in the model control group.Two weeks later,aspirate 0.2 ml aqueous followed by methylcellulose injected into the anterior chamber to create the acute ocular hypertension model in the three groups above.No any intervention was performed in the normal control group.The rats were sacrificed on the fifth day after model established to take a retinal section.Ocular hypertension-induced damage was evaluated by regular retina histopathologic examination.Immunolhistochemistry for caspase-3 and TUNEL kits were used to determine the expression of caspase-3 protein in retina and apoptosis rate of RGCs.Retinal cross-sections were analyzed by Image Pro Plus 5.1 software to determine the thickness of various retinal layers and the positive staining cell density in the retinal ganglion cell layer (RGCL).Results On the fifth day after establishment of models,intraocular pressure (IOP) was significantly elevated in the model control group,low dose APS group and high dose APS group in comparison with the normal control group (t=-8.900,-10.700,-11.300,P＜0.01).Retinal morphology was normal in the rats of the normal control group,but in the model control group,rat retina was significantly thickened from severe retinal edema and cell arrangement disorder.Mild retinal abnormality was seen in the low dose APS group;while obvious retina edema was in high dose APS group.The entire retinal thickness,outer nuclear layer thickness and retinal nerve fiber thickness values were lower in the low dose APS group than those of model control group (t =-23.700,-14.770,-11.640,P＜0.01).However,no difference was found in outer nuclear layer thickness and retinal nerve fiber thickness values between high dose APS group and normal control group (t =-0.780,-0.460,P ＞ 0.05).Percentage of positive RGCs for caspase-3 protein and rate of apoptotic RGCs were significantly reduced in low dose APS group compared with model control group (caspase-3:F=87.710,P=0.001;RGCs apoptosis:F=272.840,P＜0.01).Conclusions 500 mg/kg APS can protect retina and RGCs against ocular hypertension-induced damage.The protection of APS is non-dosedependent.

Through study on the correlation between atractylodis lactones ingredient content and climatic factors, we research regionalization from climatic of five main producing provinces of the country, in order to provide a scientific basis for atractylodis' conscious cultivation. By sampling from 40 origins which from five main producing provinces of the country, we use SPSS to analysis variation of atractylodis lactones ingredient content in different conditions of climatic factors and the effect of each factors. Then according to the relationship between atractylodis lactones ingredient content and climatic factors, we use ArcGIS to conduct ecological suitability regionalization based on climatic factors. The most suitable climatic condition for cultivation of atractylodis: the wettest month precipitation 220-230 mm, the warmest average temperature 25 degrees C, the average temperature of driest season 10 degrees C.
Atractylodes ; chemistry ; growth & development ; China ; Climate ; Ecology ; Ecosystem ; Seasons ; Temperature

BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication has been widely used. The recurrence rate of H. pylori after eradication and its related factors are gaining more and more attention. Our study aimed to determine the recurrence rate of H. pylori infection after successful eradication, and analyze its influential factors. METHODS: We prospectively studied 1050 patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms who were diagnosed as H. pylori infection by gastroscopy and underwent eradication therapies from April 2013 to January 2014. The C-urea breath test (UBT) or Warthin-Starry (WS) staining was done at 8 to 12 weeks after the therapy. Patients with successful eradication were followed by repeated UBT or gastroscopy at one year and 3 years after therapy, as well as, questionnaire surveys. Recurrence was considered if the UBTs or WS staining of biopsy were positive. One-year and 3-year recurrence rates were calculated, and analyzed the differences between recurred patients and others in basic data, sociological characteristics, lifestyle. RESULTS: A total of 743 patients finished the 1-year follow-up, and the 1-year recurrence rate was 1.75%. Of the 607 patients who finished the 3-year follow-up, 28 patients recurred, and the 3-year recurrence rate was 4.61%. Analysis of variance showed that low-income, poor hygiene condition of dining out place, and receiving invasive diagnoses or treatments were significant risk factors for H. pylori infection recurrence. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the combination of invasive diagnoses or treatments, the level of income, and the hygiene standard of dining out place were significant and independent influential factors of the recurrence of H. pylori. CONCLUSIONS The 1-year and 3-year recurrence rates of H. pylori infection after eradication therapy are 1.75% and 4.61%. Low-income, poor hygiene condition of dining out place, and a combination of invasive diagnoses or treatments are independent risk factors of H. pylori recurrence.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Gastroscopy ; Helicobacter Infections ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Helicobacter pylori ; pathogenicity ; Humans ; Incidence ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Multivariate Analysis ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult

The study was aimed to analyse and enumerate the dendritic cells (DC) subsets in peripheral blood and bone marrow (BM) of healthy individuals in China by using 2 panel 4-color flow cytometry (FCM). The percentage and absolute number of Lin-HLA-DR+CD11chiBDCA1+ myeloid DC (mDC) and Lin-HLA-DR+CD123hiBDCA2+ plasmacytoid DC (pDC) were detected in 35 normal BM (NBM) and 29 normal peripheral blood (NPB), the results were compared with the Lin-HLA-DR+CD11chimDC and Lin-HLA-DR+CD123hi pDC obtained by 3-color FCM. The results indicated that both absolute count of DC subset and relative count of pDC in BM were decreased along with increase of age, the absolute count of DC subset in male BM was higher than that in femoral BM (p<0.05). The DC subsets in NBM and NPB were different whatever by 3 or 4-color cytometric analysis, there were more mDCs than pDCs in PB and the ratio of mDC to pDC was 2.70 and 2.31 respectively. In contrast, pDCs predominated in BM, the ratio of mDC to pDC in BM was 0.90 and 0.71 respectively. The quantity of DC subsets significantly correlated to both frequency (mDC r=0.86; pDC r=0.96, p<0.05) and absolute number (mDC r=0.95; pDC r=0.98, p<0.05) between 3 and 4-color cytometric analysis. The quantity of DC subsets in PB and BM were significantly different, counted by 3 and 4-color cytometric analysis except pDC in PB (p<0.001). The quantity of DC subsets were much higher by 3-color than that by 4-color analysis. Since some Lin-HLA-DR+CD11chimDC and Lin-HLA-DR+CD123hi pDC were BDCA1- and BDCA-2dim/- respectively, that more were in BM than in PB. It is concluded that the DC absolute enumeration is correlated with sample type, gender, age and total nucleated cells (p<0.05). 4-color antibody combination may help to identify the real DC subsets in BM. DC subsets in NBM and NPB are different, that more mDC are in PB whereas more pDC in BM.
Adult ; Aged ; Bone Marrow Cells ; classification ; cytology ; Cell Count ; Dendritic Cells ; classification ; cytology ; Female ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

The objective of this study was to investigate the immunophenotype of T-lineage acute lymphoid leukemia (T-ALL) and to find valuable immunologic markers in T-ALL diagnosis and therapy. Four-color multiparametric flow cytometry(FCM) with CD45/SSC gating was used for immunophenotyping of 95 patients with newly diagnosed T-ALL. The results demonstrated that T-ALL occurred more frequently in males younger than 30 years of age and was usually accompanied by a high WBC count and tumor mass at diagnosis. Univariate analysis showed an influence on achievement of CR1 for age (< 30 years) but not for WBC count and tumor mass. According to WHO (2008) classification of tumors of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues, 87 patients with confirmed subtype included 27 cases of Pro-T-ALL (31.0%), 31 cases of Pre-T-ALL (35.6%), 23 cases of cortical-T-ALL (26.4%), 6 cases of medullary-T-ALL (6.9%). CD34 expression in Pro-T-ALL was significantly higher than that of Pre-T-ALL (p = 0.001). After the first chemotherapy, the complete remission rate in Pro-T-ALL was statistically lower than that of Pre-T-ALL. Besides, the complete remission rate of immature T-ALL (including Pro-T-ALL and Pre-T-ALL) was also significantly lower than that in mature T-ALL (including cortical-T-ALL and medullary-T-ALL). Myeloid antigen (CD13, CD33) expression was associated with T-ALL subtype and treatment effect. While 66.7% of CD13(+) patients belonged to Pre-T-ALL, most (60.0%) of CD33(+) patients were classified into Pro-T-ALL; CD13 expression had no effect on CR1 rate whereas CD33(+) patients had worse treatment effect compared with CD33(-) groups (p = 0.001). Notably, the expression of CD117 reached up to 26.7% and the positive cases were primarily distributed in pro-T-TAll and pre-T-ALL. It is found that CD117 expression in CD34(-) group was homogeneous and CD117 expression level was less than 10% in 73.2% patients, but CD117 expression level in CD34(+) group was not homogenous, in which group the CD117 expression levels < 10%, 10% - 20% and > 20% were 44.2%, 17.3% and 38.5% respectively. As compared with CD34(-) group, the proportion of patients with CD117 expression levels < 10%, > 20% in CD34(+) group was higher, and there was significant difference between these 2 group. It is concluded that immunophenotype has great value in T-ALL diagnosis, classification as well as treatment. Flow cytometry provides access to find valuable immunologic markers for T-ALL biological research.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; CD13 Antigens ; metabolism ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Immunophenotyping ; Infant ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Precursor T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma ; classification ; immunology ; therapy ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit ; metabolism ; Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 3 ; metabolism ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the efficacy of dexmedetomidine on sedation in post-cardiac surgery patients with NIV intolerance.The changes of respiratory function and hemodynamics of the patients as well as non-invasive ventilation (NIV) failure rate were also under evaluation.Methods Thirty-five post-cardiac surgery patients with NIV intolerance and hypoxemia were enrolled in this prospective study.All patients were sedated with dexmedetomidine.NIV was standardized according to the uniform protocol.The main outcome was NIV success (avoiding endotracheal intubation) or NIV failure (requiring endotracheal intubation or die).The cardiorespiratory parameters (BP,HtR and RR) and artery blood gas analysis were prospectively recorded before and after sedation.The respiratory function and hemodynamics changes in both groups (NIV success group and NIV failure group) were then evaluated.Factors independently associated with NIV failure were identified using a logistic regression model.Results Twenty out of 35 patients (57.14％) survived while 15 (42.86％) patients failed NIV.After 1 h and 4 h of NIV with dexmedetomidine sedation,respiratory rate in both groups were decreased compared with baseline,especially in NIV success group.The PaO2/FiO2 was also improved after 1h and 4h of NIV treatment compared with baseline.The improvement was more significantly in NIV success group.The heart rate was decreased compared with baseline with no differences between two groups.There were no significant changes on PaCO2 and mean arterial pressure (MAP) during the treatment.The respiratory and hemodynamics variables identified as predictors of NIV failure were included in a multivariate logistic regression.RR ＞ 23 time/min (OR =3.2,95％ CI:2.043 ～ 4.301,P ＜ 0.01) 1 h after NIV,RR ＞ 20 time/min (OR =2.1,95％ CI:1.659～3.231,P=0.025) 4 h after NIV,PaO2/FiO2 ＜178 mmHg (OR=2.4,95％CI:1.892 ～ 3.287,P ＜0.01) 1 h after NIV and PaO2/FiO2 ＜ 185 mmHg (OR =1.7,95％ CI:1.243 ～ 2.365,P =0.041) 4 h after NIV independendy predicted NIV failure.Conclusions Dexmedetomidine might be considered as an effective and safe sedative for post-cardiac surgery patients with NIV intolerance.Early identification of predictors of NIV failure may facilitate early intervention.