This study was aimed to investigate the cytotoxic effect of the Naja Naja Actra Venom Component (NNAVC) combined with activated immune cells on human acute myeloblastic leukemia line KG1a cells. The cytotoxic effects of NNAVC at different concentrations on KG1a cells were measured by CCK-8 method. LDH releasing assay was used to detect the cytotoxic effects of activated immune cells, NNAVC combined with activated immune cells on KG1a cells and the sensitivity of KG1a treated with NNAVC to activated immune cells. The results showed that the inhibitory rate of NNAVC on KG1a cells increased with the concentration enhancement, the cytotoxicity of activated immune cells at the different effector to target (E:T) ratios(6.25:1, 12.5:1, 25:1) on KG1a cells were 12.30%, 24.85% and 52.26%. The cytotoxicity of NNAVC combined with activated immune cells at the different E:T cell ratios (10:1, 20: 1) on KG1a cells were 56.21% and 85.59%, which were higher than that of NNAVC or activated immune cells alone. The cytotoxicity of activated immune cells at the E: T cell ratio of 10:1 on KG1a cells treated with NNAVC at different concentrations were 25.65%, 31.33%, 28.63% and 16.78%, respectively, and that at the E:T cell ratio of 20: 1 were 40.62%, 44.70%, 44.62% and 40.72%. It is concluded that:both of NNAVC and activated immune cells have lethal effect on KG1a cells, and the combination of NNAVC and activated immune cells can strengthen their effect on KG1a.
Animals ; Cell Line, Tumor ; drug effects ; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic ; Elapidae ; Humans ; Immunocompetence ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; immunology ; pathology ; Venoms ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical and pathologic characteristics of poorly differentiated cutaneous angiosarcoma of scalp.

METHODSEight cases of poorly differentiated cutaneous angiosarcoma of scalp were enrolled into this study. The clinical manifestations and histopathologic features were analyzed. Immunohistochemical study for CD31, CD34, factor VIII-related antigen, vimentin, AE1/AE3, CAM5. 2, epithelial membrane antigen and carcinoembryonic antigen was performed.

RESULTSThe mean age of the patients was 69 years. The male-to-female ratio was 5 : 3. The tumor manifested clinically as bruise-like lesion in early phase, indurated erythematous plaque accompanied by nodules, ulcerations and bleeding in advanced phase. Histologically, the tumor was composed of solid sheets of undifferentiated spindle cells which were not easily recognizable as vascular in origin. Nuclear atypia was always present. The tumor cells in all of the 8 cases strongly expressed CD31, factor VIII-related antigen and vimentin. Weak expression of CD34, AE1/AE3 and CAMS. 2 was noted in 2, 4 and 4 cases, respectively. The staining for epithelial membrane antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen and S-100 was negative. Conclusions Angiosarcoma needs to be excluded by histologic examination whenever bruise-like and erythematous lesions occurring on scalp skin of elderly patients. The endothelial origin of the tumor cells can be confirmed with immunostaining for CD31, CD34 and factor VIII-related antigen.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Antigens, CD34 ; immunology ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; analysis ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; Cell Differentiation ; Endothelium ; metabolism ; Female ; Hemangiosarcoma ; immunology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 ; immunology ; Scalp ; pathology ; Skin Neoplasms ; immunology ; metabolism ; pathology ; Vimentin ; analysis

Objective To investigate HPV infection and its correlation with the expression of sur- vivin and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in condyloma acuminatum (CA).Methods HPV6/11 and 16/18 DNA were detected by PCR in 41 cases of CA and 23 specimens of normal skin.The expression of survivin and PCNA was measured by immunohistochemical technique in these two groups. Results The infection rates of HPV6/11 and 16/18 were 87.80% (36/41) and 19.51%(8/41),respective- ly,in CA,and 0 in normal skin epidermis.The expression of survivin and PCNA was found in 53.66% (22/41) and 87.80% (36/41) of CA ,and was 8.70%(2/23)and 47.83% (11/23) in normal skin,respec- tively.The expression of survivin was positively correlated with the high expression of PCNA in CA.The expression of survivin and PCNA was higher in HPV6/11 positive lesions than in HPV6/11 negative lesions. Conclusion HPV infection may up-regulate the expressions of survivin and PCNA,inhibit the apoptosis and promote the proliferation of keratinocytes.

Objective To analyze the change of cigarette consumption price,and understand the cigarette affordability in China.Methods A total of 16 800 households were selected through multi-stage stratified cluster sampling.Then IPAQ was used to randomly select one family member to conduct the survey.Questionnaire from Global Tobacco Surveillance System with added country-specific questions was used.Results Up to 50％ of current smokers would buy 20 cigarettes with price of 9.9 yuan (RMB) or less,and 25％ of current smokers would not buy 20 cigarettes with price exceed 5.5 yuan (RMB).Only 10％ would buy 20 cigarettes with price over 19.9 yuan (RMB).The calculated median monthly expenditure for cigarettes was 181.4 yuan (RMB).From 2010 to 2015,the proportion of annual expenditure for cigarettes in disposable income per capita declined from 10.5％ to 8.8％ in urban area and from 21.1％ to 17.3％ in rural area.Conclusion During 2010-2015,the purchasing power of Chinese smokers increased in both urban area and rural area due to the decrease of cigarette consumption price.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of firofiban in gerontal patients with acute coronary syndrome(ACS). MethodA total of 106 elderly patients with ACS admitted form December 2006 to June 2008 were enrolled in a prospective case-control study. Patients were divided into percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) group and medicine group. Both groups were randomly divided into two sub-groups, tirofiban sub-group and placebo sub-group. Patients in the PCI group received tirofiban infused in dose of 10 μg·kg- within 3 minutes as loading dose before operation and then an infusion of 0.15μg'kg-1·min-1 as maintenance dose for 24～36 hours. In medicine group,the loading dose was 0.4 μg·kg-1·min-1×30 min and the maintaining dose was 0.1 μg·kg-1·min-1×48 hours, The rates of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) consisting of death, myocardial infarction or refractory ischemia during hospital stay stay and 30 days' follow-up, bleeding rates TIMI grade, corrected TIMI frame count (CTFC) and myocardial blush grade(MBG) after PCI were compared between sub-groups of PCI group. ResultsThe basic clinical data were similar among the sub-groups. In medicine group,the MACE rate during 30 days' follow-up was much lower in the tirofiban sub-group than in the placebo sub-group (12.0% vs. 36.4 %, P < 0.05). In comparison with medicine group, in PCI group, there were fewer TIMI frames [(23.5 ±5.1) frames vs. (31.4±5.2) frames, P < 0.01] and higher percentage of myocardial blush grade 3(64.3% vs. 29.0%, P < 0.01) in firotiban sub-group of PCI group. No significant differences in bleeding rates were found between all sub-groups. ConclusionsTirofiban is safe and effective in gerontal ACS patients with blood flow and reperfusion improved.

Objective:To investigate the effect of different crown heights of lateral incisor and canine on smile esthetics perception between orthodontists and patients.Methods:A total of 31 orthodontists and 56 patients on smile aesthetics perception were investigated.We adjusted the height of lateral incisor and canine to get 20 kinds of anterior tooth area morphology by Photoshop and asked interviewees to grade.Scores of satisfaction were recorded by Likert method.Results:Subjects in the 2 groups preferred smiles with upper anterior teeth edge parallel to lower lip.There was better acceptance for longer canines and less satisfaction at shorter lateral incisors in patients.Patients also got higher discrete degree of evaluation results and more rigorous about smile esthetics than orthodontists.Conclusion:Orthodontists and patients have different satisfaction at esthetics of anterior teeth.Esthetics preference should be considered in orthodontic treatment schedule.

Objective To investigate the effect of transcriptional internediary factor 1 gamma (Tif1γ)and its signal pathway related proteinson apoptosis of human pancreatic cancer cell line Capan-1 treated with either gemcitabine (GEM) or raltitrexed (RTX).Methods Capan-1 cells were treated with GEM of 559 μmol/L or RTX of 0.86 μmol/L for 36 h.The cell apoptosis of Capan-1 was determined using flow cytometry.Protein levels of Tif1γ,TGF-β1,Smad3,p-Smad3,Smad4,Bcl2,BAX and Caspase3 in Capan-1 cells were determined by Western blot.Results The late apoptosis and death ratio after RTX treatment were 28.7％ ± 5.1％ and 3.7％ ± 0.5％,respectively,showing significant difference from that after GEM treatment or untreated control group (P＜0.01).The results of Western blot showed that the relative protein levels of Tif1 γ,TGF-β1,p-Smad3,BAX and Caspase3 in Capan-1 cells were increased in RTX group compared with those in GEM group or control group (P＜0.05).The relative protein levels of Smad4 and the Bcl2/Bax ratio were decreased in RTX group compared with those in GEM group or control group (P＜0.05).Conclusions Increased level of Til1γ by RTX treatment resulted in decreased level of Smad4 to regulate the balance of Bcl2/Bax,increased Caspase3 and increased apoptosis in Capan-1 cells.

Objective To find the changes of haemagglutination inhibition ( HI ) antibody level against A/California/07/2009 (H1N1) within one month after pandemic A/H1N1 influenza vaccine (A/H1N1InfV) vaccination, and to provide data for drawing up immunization protocols against novel influenza . Methods The HI antibodies against A/California/07/2009 (H1N1) in sera from the inoculated subjects were tested by HI test .The geometric mean titer ( GMT) , geometric mean increase ( GMI) , seroconversion (SC) rate, seroprotection (SP) rate of HI antibodies were compared among the sera collected on day 3, 7, 14, 30 post vaccination .Results 961 participants were injected with A/H1N1InfV.In subjects aged 3 to 11 years, the antibody level peaked on day 14 post vaccination, but neither on day 14 nor on day 30, the lower bound of the two -sided 95%CI for the SP rate could fulfill the criteria of the FDA for influenza vac-cine.In subjects aged 12 to 60 years, the antibody level peaked on day 14 post vaccination and the SC rate , SP rate and GMI fulfilled the criteria of the European Medicines Agency ( EMEA) and the FDA for influenza vaccine. In subjects aged more than 60 years, the antibody level peaked on day 30 post vaccination , and the SC rate, SP rate and GMI on day 30 fulfilled the criteria of the EMEA and the FDA .Conclusion One dose A/H1N1InfV vaccination was able to induce enough protection on day 14 for subjects aged 12 to 60 years, on day 30 for subjects aged more than 60 years;however , for subjects aged 3 to 11 years who were antibody-negative at baseline , the lower bound of the two-sided 95%CI for the SP rate on day 14 and day 30 couldn′t fulfill the criteria of the FDA for influenza vaccine .

BACKGROUNDInoperable chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a severe clinical syndrome characterized by right cardiac failure and possibly subsequent liver dysfunction. However, whether serum markers of liver dysfunction can predict prognosis in inoperable CTEPH patients has not been determined. Our study aimed to evaluate the potential role of liver function markers (such as serum levels of transaminase, bilirubin, and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase [GGT]) combined with 6-min walk test in the prediction of prognosis in patients with inoperable CTEPH.

METHODSFrom June 2005 to May 2013, 77 consecutive patients with inoperable CTEPH without confounding co-morbidities were recruited for this prospective cohort study. Baseline clinical characteristics and 6-min walk distance (6MWD) results were collected. Serum biomarkers of liver function, including levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, GGT, uric acid, and serum bilirubin, were also determined at enrollment. All-cause mortality was recorded during the follow-up period.

RESULTSDuring the follow-up, 22 patients (29%) died. Cox regression analyses demonstrated that increased serum concentration of total bilirubin (hazard ratio [HR] = 7.755, P < 0.001), elevated N-terminal of the prohormone brain natriuretic peptide (HR = 1.001, P = 0.001), decreased 6MWD (HR = 0.990, P < 0.001), increased central venous pressure (HR = 1.074, P = 0.040), and higher pulmonary vascular resistance (HR = 1.001, P = 0.018) were associated with an increased risk of mortality. Serum concentrations of total bilirubin (HR = 4.755, P = 0.007) and 6MWD (HR = 0.994, P = 0.017) were independent prognostic predictors for CTEPH patients. Patients with hyperbilirubinemia (≥23.7 μmol/L) had markedly worse survival than those with normobilirubinemia.

CONCLUSIONElevated serum bilirubin and decreased 6MWD are potential predictors for poor prognosis in inoperable CTEPH.

Aged ; Antihypertensive Agents ; therapeutic use ; Bilirubin ; blood ; Exercise Test ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; blood ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Prospective Studies

Objective To understand the situation on exposure to second-hand smoke among Chinese adults aged 15 and above and their support to policy on banning smoking in public places in 2015.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted based on the protocol on Global Adult Tobacco Survey.Stratified multi-stage cluster sampling was used to select 16 800 households in China.Data were collected through household survey,using the electronic devices.One eligible respondent was selected by random sampling in each household.Standardized questionnaire was used from Global Tobacco Surveillance System.Data were weighted and analyzed by SAS 9.3 and SUDAAN 10.0.1 complex survey data analysis program.Results 93.1％ (60 128 × 103/64 575 × 103),76.3％(455 473 × 103/596 782 × 103),57.1％ (621 793 × 103/1 089 582 × 103),54.3％ (218 792 × 103/402 732 × 103),38.1％ (61 208 × 103/160 574 × 103),26.9％ (119 783 × 103/444 679 × 103),23.8％(17 598 × 103/73 993 × 103),17.2％ (41 099 × 103/239 022 × 103) and 16.4％ (102 153 × 103/623 015 ×103) of the respondents reported that smoking did exsit in the following places as:inside of bars or night clubs,in the restaurants,households homes,working places,government buildings,health care facilities,universities,primary and high schools (both indoor and outdoor areas),and on public transportation,respectively.Compared with those data in 2010,the proportions of exposure to indoor areas of restaurants,government buildings,health care facilities,primary and high schools (both indoor and outdoor areas),public transportation,and homes all significantly decreased after standardization of data.Results also showed that most respondents were supportive to the policy on banning smoking in public and working places.However,the proportions of exposure to indoor areas of restaurants were still high but almost 70％ of the respondents thought smoking should not be allowed in indoor areas of restaurants.Conclusion From 2010 to 2015,proportions of exposure to indoor areas of public places,working places,public transportation and homes were obviously declining in China.The Chinese public seemed supportive to the policy on banning smoking in public places.