Objective To gain insights into the biological characteristics of different populations of Culex tritaeniorhynchus within and around the Yellow Sea wetland from the perspective of the occurrence of resistance, we investigated the levels of resistance to deltamethrin and kdr gene mutation in the wetland and its peripheral areas. Methods Specimens were collected from Cx. tritaeniorhynchus populations at two monitoring sites in the Rare Bird National Nature Reserve and Tiaozi Ni Wetland Scenic Area, and also from two populations in Yancheng City and the Liuhe District of Nanjing, and the resistance of these mosquitoes to deltamethrin was determined using the CDC biotest bottle method. For each concentration of deltamethrin assessed, a random subset of exposed specimens was selected for amplification of the kdr gene fragment, followed by Sanger sequencing to identify and analyze resistance-associated mutations. Results The LC50 levels of deltamethrin among mosquitoes from the four populations in Luhe, Yancheng, the Rare Bird National Nature Reserve and the Tiaozi Ni Wetland Scenic Area were 2.048 5, 7.798 2, 3.473 3, and 17.695 5 mg/mL, respectively, with corresponding concentrations of deltamethrin ranging from 0.005 to 5.000,0.050 to 50.000,0.050 to 25.000 and 0.050 to 50.000 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the ranges of the KT50 values were 11.76-107.43, 67.05-216.30,29.77-107.43 and 28.40-329.51 min; the 1-h knockdown rates were 34.58%-99.15%, 9.52%-43.80%, 55.09%-73.01%, and 10.09%-68.07%; and the 24-h mortality rates were 12.15%-67.52%,9.52%-79.56%,13.17%-82.21%, and 11.01%-78.99%, respectively. With respect to kdr gene mutation, we assayed a total of 63,70,59, and 57 mosquitoes for the four populations, for which we detected L1014F mutation frequencies of 14.29%, 35.00%, 20.34%, and 31.58%, respectively, with a majority of these mutations being heterozygous for resistance. In addition, five adult mosquitoes were identified has having synonymous mutations at site 1011[i. e. , AAT(asparagine)mutation to AAC(asparagine)]. Conclusions Our findings revealed the clear resistance of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus to deltamethrin in the Yancheng region of the Yellow Sea wetland, and the resistance phenotype and kdr frequency of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in the wetland environment were comparable to those of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in the wetland environment, thereby indicating that the resistance of different populations of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus was homogeneous under the pressure of different insecticide selection within and around the wetland. However, the underlying mechanisms need to be further studied.

Objective This study reports on the obligatory parasitism of water mites Arrenurus sp. on Anopheles messeae at the Manzhouli Port, Inner Mongolia, China. Methods Duing July 2024, a survey on the mosquito diversity was conducted at the Manzhouli Port. Captured mosquitoes and their ectoparasites were identified to species level. Results A total of 1840 adult mosquitoes were collected, representing species from three genera: Culex(Cx. modestus, Cx. pipiens pallens), Aedes(Ae. dorsalis, Ae. flavidorsalis, Ae. flavescens), and Anopheles (An. messeae). Among all the mosqutioes specimens,3 out of 150 captured An. messeae were found to carry ectoparasitic mites, with number of 2,4,27 mites separately. Morphological and molecular identification reached the same result as water mites(Hydrachnidiae, Hydracrina). COI gene sequence showed 94% similarity with the closest species Arrenurus truncatellus. Conlusions Literature review suggests water mites are host-specific parasitism of mosquito species and herein with the first record of Arrenurus sp. parasiting on An. Messeae in the most high-latitude region globally.

Lung transplantation is a definitive treatment for end-stage lung disease and can significantly improve patient prognosis. However, postoperative complications such as infection, rejection, ischemia-reperfusion injury and chronic lung allograft dysfunction intertwine to form a complex pathological network, posing persistent challenges to long-term patient survival. In 2025, research teams worldwide have made systematic progress in the field of basic lung transplantation research. By integrating cutting-edge technologies including single-cell multi-omics, spatial transcriptomics and novel animal models, significant breakthroughs have been achieved in the evolutionary dynamics of drug-resistant infections, molecular mechanisms of immune regulation, programmed cell death, optimization of donor lung protection strategies and early warning of chronic lung allograft dysfunction. This article systematically reviews the representative advances in basic lung transplantation research worldwide in 2025, and deeply analyzes the implications of mechanistic breakthroughs for optimizing diagnosis and treatment strategies, aiming to anchor the direction for innovative breakthroughs and clinical translation in basic lung transplantation research.

Objective To detect the expression of lactate dehydrogenase A(LDHA),FoxP3,and CD4 in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and to analyze the effect of bufalin on LDHA as well as on the differentiation and function of regulatory T(Treg)cells in the tumor microenvironment of HCC mice.Methods Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the difference in the expression of LDHA,FoxP3(Treg cell marker),and CD4 between the tumor and adjacent tissues from 91 HCC patients.Hepl-6 subcutaneous tumor-bearing mouse model was established.The mice were randomly divided into control,bufalin+pyruvic acid,oxalate,and bufalin groups(n=5 each group).The mass and volume of subcutaneous tumors were compared.Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the expression of LDHA,FoxP3,and CD4 in tumors of mice in each group.ELISA was used to detect the levels of transforming growth factor β(TGF-β)and interleukin-10(IL-10)in the serum of mice in each group to evaluate the immune function of Treg cells.Results Compared with adjacent tissues,HCC tissues exhibited significantly higher LDHA and FoxP3 expression and lower CD4 expression(P＜0.001).The results of the correlation analysis showed that LDHA was positively correlated with FoxP3 expression and negatively correlated with CD4 expression(P＜0.05).The experimental results of Hep1-6 subcutaneous tumor-bearing mice showed that the tumor volume was significantly smaller in the bufalin and oxalate groups than in the control group and was significantly larger in the bufalin+pyruvic acid group than in the bufalin group(P＜0.001).The results of immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression levels of LDHA and the percentage of FoxP3+cells in the bufalin and oxalate groups were significantly lower than those in the control group,and the percentage of CD4+cells in the bufalin group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P＜0.001).The expres-sion level of LDHA and the percentage of FoxP3+cells in the bufalin+pyruvic acid group were significantly higher than those in the bufalin group,while the percentage of CD4+cells was significantly lower than that in the bufalin group(P＜0.001).The results of ELISA showed that the levels of TGF-β and IL-10 in the bufalin and oxalate groups were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.001).Conclusion Bufalin inhibits cell growth,downregulates LDHA expression,and suppresses the differentiation and proliferation of Treg cells in HCC mice.

Objective To analyze the correlation between lesion volume,lesion mass,and maximum lesion diameter in the assessment of advanced hepatocarcinoma with lung metastasis,and to evaluate the application value of total volume response and total mass response of lung metastatic lesions in efficacy assessment.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the CT imaging data of 20 patients clinically confirmed with hepatocarcinoma and lung metastases,followed by subsequent follow-up to monitor their survival outcomes.Volume measurement software was used to measure the volume of lesions before and after treatment.We recored lesion diameter,volume measurements and CT values,calculated the mass of the lesions.The correlation between lesion volume,mass and diameter was analyzed,as well as the correlation between the change rates of volume,mass and lesion diameter.Additionally,the total volume and total mass of all lesions were calculated.The correlation between the change rates of total volume/total mass and the change rate of pulmonary lesion diameter under the RECIST 1.1 criteria,as well as the correlation with changes in patients'tumor markers,were analyzed.Furthermore,the overall volume response and overall mass response of lesions were evaluated based on changes in total volume and total mass,and their consistencies with the RECIST 1.1 criteria for efficacy evaluation were analyzed.Finally,univariate Cox regression analysis was performed to explore the association between these variables and patient survival outcomes.Results There was strong correlation between lesion volume,mass and tumor diameter(r=0.771,0.775),between the rate of change in mass and the rate of change in lesion diameter(r=0.846),and between the rates of change in total volume/total mass and the rate of change in pulmonary lesion diameter under the RECIST 1.1 criteria(r=0.800,0.896).The correlation between the rates of change in total volume/total mass and patients'tumor markers was not statistically significant.There was moderate correlation between the rate of change in volume and the rate of change in lesion diameter(r=0.692).The evaluation results of total volume response and total mass response for pulmonary lesions in advanced hepatocarcinoma with lung metastasis were generally consistent with the RECIST 1.1 criteria(Kappa=0.486,0.426).Univariate Cox regression analysis revealed that total lesion volume(P=0.047)and total lesion mass(P=0.049)were independent prognostic factors for survival outcomes.Conclusion Lesion volume,mass,and diameter,as well as their respective change rates,were found to be interrelated.Furthermore,total lesion volume and total lesion mass were identified as independent prognostic factors for survival outcomes.The total volume response and total mass response are promising evaluation methods in evaluating the efficacy of lung metastasis of hepatocarcinoma,which are different from the RECIST 1.1 evaluation criteria.

Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance profiles of common pathogens isolated from cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)in CHINET program from 2015 to 2021.Methods The bacterial strains isolated from CSF were identified in accordance with clinical microbiology practice standards.Antimicrobial susceptibility test was conducted using Kirby-Bauer method and automated systems per the unified CHINET protocol.Results A total of 14 014 bacterial strains were isolated from CSF samples from 2015 to 2021,including the strains isolated from inpatients(95.3％)and from outpatient and emergency care patients(4.7％).Overall,19.6％of the isolates were from children and 80.4％were from adults.Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 68.0％and 32.0％,respectively.Coagulase negative Staphylococcus accounted for 73.0％of the total Gram-positive bacterial isolates.The prevalence of MRSA was 38.2％in children and 45.6％in adults.The prevalence of MRCNS was 67.6％in adults and 69.5％in children.A small number of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium(2.2％)and linezolid-resistant Enterococcus faecalis(3.1％)were isolated from adult patients.The resistance rates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae to ceftriaxone were 52.2％and 76.4％in children,70.5％and 63.5％in adults.The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant E.coli and K.pneumoniae(CRKP)was 1.3％and 47.7％in children,6.4％and 47.9％in adults.The prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(CRAB)and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(CRPA)was 74.0％and 37.1％in children,81.7％and 39.9％in adults.Conclusions The data derived from antimicrobial resistance surveillance are crucial for clinicians to make evidence-based decisions regarding antibiotic therapy.Attention should be paid to the Gram-negative bacteria,especially CRKP and CRAB in central nervous system(CNS)infections.Ongoing antimicrobial resistance surveillance is helpful for optimizing antibiotic use in CNS infections.

Objective To investigate the antimicrobial resistance of clinical isolates from elderly patients(≥65 years)in major medical institutions across China.Methods Bacterial strains were isolated from elderly patients in 52 hospitals participating in the CHINET Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Program during the period from 2015 to 2021.Antimicrobial susceptibility test was carried out by disk diffusion method and automated systems according to the same CHINET protocol.The data were interpreted in accordance with the breakpoints recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)in 2021.Results A total of 514 715 nonduplicate clinical isolates were collected from elderly patients in 52 hospitals from January 1,2015 to December 31,2021.The number of isolates accounted for 34.3％of the total number of clinical isolates from all patients.Overall,21.8％of the 514 715 strains were gram-positive bacteria,and 78.2％were gram-negative bacteria.Majority(90.9％)of the strains were isolated from inpatients.About 42.9％of the strains were isolated from respiratory specimens,and 22.9％were isolated from urine.More than half(60.7％)of the strains were isolated from male patients,and 39.3％isolated from females.About 51.1％of the strains were isolated from patients aged 65-＜75 years.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant strains(MRSA)was 38.8％in 32 190 strains of Staphylococcus aureus.No vancomycin-or linezolid-resistant strains were found.The resistance rate of E.faecalis to most antibiotics was significantly lower than that of Enterococcus faecium,but a few vancomycin-resistant strains(0.2％,1.5％)and linezolid-resistant strains(3.4％,0.3％)were found in E.faecalis and E.faecium.The prevalence of penicillin-susceptible S.pneumoniae(PSSP),penicillin-intermediate S.pneumoniae(PISP),and penicillin-resistant S.pneumoniae(PRSP)was 94.3％,4.0％,and 1.7％in nonmeningitis S.pneumoniae isolates.The resistance rates of Klebsiella spp.(Klebsiella pneumoniae 93.2％)to imipenem and meropenem were 20.9％and 22.3％,respectively.Other Enterobacterales species were highly sensitive to carbapenem antibiotics.Only 1.7％-7.8％of other Enterobacterales strains were resistant to carbapenems.The resistance rates of Acinetobacter spp.(Acinetobacter baumannii 90.6％)to imipenem and meropenem were 68.4％and 70.6％respectively,while 28.5％and 24.3％of P.aeruginosa strains were resistant to imipenem and meropenem,respectively.Conclusions The number of clinical isolates from elderly patients is increasing year by year,especially in the 65-＜75 age group.Respiratory tract isolates were more prevalent in male elderly patients,and urinary tract isolates were more prevalent in female elderly patients.Klebsiella isolates were increasingly resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents,especially carbapenems.Antimicrobial resistance surveillance is helpful for accurate empirical antimicrobial therapy in elderly patients.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the therapeutic mechanisms of electroacupuncture at"Tianshu"(ST25)and"Sanyinjiao"(SP6)acupoints combined with metformin in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)using serum non-targeted metabolomics.METHODS Male SD rats were randomly divided into blank group,model group,metformin group,electroacupunc-ture group,and acupuncture-medicine combination(electroacupuncture combined with metformin)group.A type 2 diabetes model was established by high-fat diet combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin.The metformin group was treated with 250 mg·kg-1 metformin by gavage,the electroacupuncture group was treated with bilateral Tianshu and Sanyinjiao,the acupuncture-medicine combination group was treated with metformin by gavage combined with electroacupuncture,and the blank group and model group were treated with normal saline by gavage.All rats were treated 6 times a week for 7 weeks.After the intervention,the blood glucose level in the tail vein of the rats was measured using a blood glucose meter in the fasting state.The blood glucose levels of the rats were measured at 30,60,120,and 240 min after intraperitoneal injection of 50%glucose solution(4 mL·kg-1)to evaluate glu-cose tolerance.The serum insulin level of the rats was detected by ELISA and the insulin resistance index was calculated.The blood biochemical parameters were measured by an automatic blood biochemical analyzer.HE staining was used to evaluate the pathological conditions of the liver and pancreatic tissues of the rats.Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS)technology was used for mass spectrometry detection to identify differential metabolites,and MetaboAnalyst 5.0 was used for pathway enrichment analysis.RESULTS Compared with the blank group,the fasting blood glucose,area under the glucose tolerance curve,and insulin resistance index of the model group rats were significantly increased(P<0.001),blood TP and GLB were significantly de-creased(P<0.01),AST,ALT,and ALP were significantly increased(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001),and obvious inflammatory cell infiltration and pathological damage were observed in the liver and pancreas tissues;compared with the model group,the fasting blood glucose,area under the glucose tolerance curve,and insulin resistance index of the acupuncture-medicine combination group were sig-nificantly decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001),blood ALP was significantly decreased(P<0.01),TP and GLB were significant-ly increased(P<0.05),and the pathological damage of the liver and pancreas was significantly improved.Serum metabolomics showed that the metabolic profiles of the groups were well distinguished.Compared with the blank group,the differential metabolites in the model group were enriched in histidine metabolism,thiamine metabolism,taurine and hypotaurine metabolism,ascorbic acid and alde-hyde ester metabolism,valine,leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis pathways;compared with the model group,237 metabolites such as 3-aminoadipic acid,3-oxocyclobutanecarboxylic acid and phosphorylcholine in the acupuncture-medicine combination group were sig-nificantly reduced,and the pathways were enriched in histidine metabolism,linoleic acid metabolism,thiamine metabolism,taurine and hypotaurine metabolism,valine,leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis pathways.CONCLUSION Electroacupuncture combined with metformin can effectively improve the glucose and lipid metabolism of T2DM rats,and its potential mechanism may be related to the regulation of amino acid metabolism.

Objective To develop a multifunctional vision examination device for confined cabin environments to meet the requirements for detecting and collecting visual function parameters in military training and scientific research.Methods A multifunctional vision examination device was designed with a segmented mode and composed of an exmaination terminal and a control terminal.The examination terminal was composed of a sealed box,a high-definition display,an isolation baffle and a rubber eye mask.The sealed box had a fully closed structure,and the space design in the box was carried out in the form of integrating sphere;the high-definition display had a floating structure not rigidly connected with the surrounding components,and adopted a non-standard screen as the main display;the edges of the isolation baffle were sealed,and a spring washer for mechanical positioning was placed between the baffle and the sealed box.The control terminal software was programmed with C language,and there were several funcational modules involved in the software part for basic information management,function testing and summary report.Results Trials in the low-pressure chamber showed the device developed could be used for testing near vision,stereoscopic vision,contrast sensitivity,rapid dark adaptation and dark vision under the simulated altitude of 5 000 m when the examinee wore an oxygen mask,with remote operation enabled during the testing.Conclusion The multifunctional vision examination device gains advantages in light weight,high portability and compatibility with confined cabin environments,and meets the requirements for visual function testing in military training and scientific research.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(5):21-26]

AIM To study the chemical constituents from the bark of Toona sinensis(A.Juss.)Roem and their anti-inflammatory activity.METHODS Silica gel,RP-18 reverse phase silica gel and HPLC were used for isolation and purification,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.Their anti-inflammatory activity were evaluated by RAW264.7 model.RESULTS Sixteen compounds were isolated and identified as(9Z)-18-hydroxyo-ctadec-9-en-4,6-diyn-3-one(1),toonapolyyne C(2),(9S,10E,16R)-octadec-10-ene-12,14-diyne-1,9,16-triol(3),(9S,10E,16R)-9,16-dihydroxyoctadec-10-ene-12,14-diy-n-1-yl acetate(4),toonapolyyne A(5),toonasindiyne B(6),scopoletin(7),sco-parone(8),3-O-acetyl(-)-epicatechin(9),p-ethoxyacetanilide(10),kulonic acid(11),β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(12),vanillic acid(13),cleomiscosin A(14),(-)-isolariciresinol(15),resveratrol(16).The IC50 values of compounds 3-4,6,11-13 for NO were 6.90,10.49,20.03,9.49,18.34,24.36 μmol/L,respectively.CONCLUSION Compound 1 is a new polyacetylene,8-16 are isolated from T.sinensis for the first time.Compounds 3-4,6,11-13 have good anti-inflammatory activity.