Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ( CA-MRSA ) has been increasingly frequently isolated from patients worldwide, and is an emerging threat to public health.CA-MRSA strains differ from hospital-acquired MRSA strains in their epidemiologies, clinical features and genetic backgrounds, and the predominant CA-MRSA strains vary between geographic settings.This paper reviews literatures on the definition, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, treatment and virulent factors of CA-MRSA or CA-MRSA infection, and points out that we should further promote studies on epidemiology, molecular genetic properties of CA-MRSA and clinical management of CA-MRSA infection.

Objective: To investigate the relation of diabetic encephalopathy with oxidative stress and hippocampus expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) in rats and to study the therapeutic effects of curcumin. Methods: Diabetes mellitus was induced by injection of Streptozotocin in rats. The experiment animals were randomly divided into control group, diabetic group, diabetes plus curcumin group and control plus curcumin group; animals in the latter two groups received 60 mg·kg-1·d-1 curcumin treatment. Superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase(CAT), malondialdehyde(MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) in the hippocampal tissues were measured 12 weeks after treatment. The expression of iNOS mRNA and the mean optical density (MOD) of immunoreactive neurons were evaluated by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry method, respectively. Results: Compared with the control group, diabetic group had significantly lower activities of SOD and CAT, higher contents of NO and MDA, and increased expression of iNOS mRNA and protein in the hippocampal tissues (P<0.01). Compared with the diabetic group, diabetic plus curcumin group had significantly higher activities of SOD and CAT, lower contents of NO and MDA and decreased expression of iNOS mRNA and the MOD of immunoreactive neurons in hippocampus (P<0.01). Conclusion: Diabetic encephalopathy is associated with oxidative stress and increased expression of iNOS; curcumin may protect diabetic encephalopathy by inhibiting oxidative stress and down-regulating the iNOS expression.

Objective To observe the effects on somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) of multichannel functional electrical stimulation (FES) of the legs based on a normal walking pattern,and to compare the effects with two-channel functional electrical stimulation.Methods Thirteen healthy young volunteers (6males and 7 females) were randomly assigned to receive 2 sessions of either two-channel FES for 30 minutes or four-channel FES for 15min with a 3-day interval between the two treatment sessions.The latencies and amplitudes of the N9 and P40 SEPs were recorded before and after every treatment.All the treatments were carried out on the right lower limbs.Results Thirteen healthy young volunteers (6males and 7 females) were randomly assigned to receive 2 sessions of either two-channel FES for 30 minutes or four-channel FES for 15 min with a 3-day interval between the two treatment sessions.The latencies and amplitudes of the N9 and P40 SEPs were recorded before and after every treatment.All the treatments were carried out on the right lower limbs.Conclusions The N9 latency with four-channel FES is remarkably shorter than that with two-channel FES on the legs of healthy young subjects,suggesting that multichannel functional electrical stimulation based on the normal human walking pattern can activate brain cells faster.

The metabolic properties of cancer cells diverge significantly from those of normal cells. Energy production in cancer cells is abnormally dependent on aerobic glycolysis. In addition,cancer cells have other metabolic characteristics,such as increasing fatty acid synthesis and glutamine metabolism. Emerging evidences show that many key enzymes in dysregulated Warburg-like glucose metabolism,fatty acid synthesis and glutaminolysis are linked to drug resistance in cancer treatment. For example, lactate dehydrogenase A contributes to paclitaxel/trastuzuma resistance in breast cancer, fatty acid synthase is linked to docetaxel/trastuzumab/adriamycin resistance in breast cancer, and glutaminolysis is linked to cisplatin resistance in gastric cancer. Therefore,targeting cellular metabolism may improve the response to cancer therapeutics,and the combination of chemotherapeutic drugs with cellular metabolism inhibitors may overcome drug resistance in cancer therapy. This review discussed the relationship between dysregulated cellular metabolism and chemotherapy resistance, and the way in which targeting of metabolic enzymes can help overcome the resistance to cancer therapy or enhance the efficacy of common therapeutic agents.

Standardized training of residents in the department of orthodontics is an important learn-ing stage for stomatology students before carrying out clinical orthodontic diagnosis and treatment work. At present, there are some deficiencies in the standardized training system of the residents in the Department of Orthodontics, such as the single teaching mode, imperfect training items, and unclear evaluation criteria. The department of orthodontics of Stomatology Hospital of Southern Medical University carried on a prelim-inary study on the training pattern of resident doctors in the refinement of the training content, optimizing curriculum design, implementation of tutorial teaching mode, the combination of theoretical study and clini-cal training, regular training evaluation and quantitative assessment indicators. The results showed that the trainees' acceptance and satisfaction were higher, which was beneficial to the improvement of clinical com-prehensive ability of orthodontics.

Objective To investigate the change of Th22 cells in peripheral blood of patients with Primary sjogren’s syndrome (pSS)and evaluate clinical significance.Methods 37 patients with pSS from January 2014 to November 2015 were enrolled the study as the observation group.Then 37 healthy adults receiving check-up during the same period were selected as con-trol groups in accordance with the proportion of 1∶1.Flow cytometry was performed to evaluate the levels of Th22 cells in peripheral blood,and tenzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA)was used to measure the serum IL-22 levels.Pearson analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between Th22 level and serum IL-22 level,C3,C4,anti-SSA,anti-SSB, ANA antibody,EULAR Sjogren's syndrome disease activity index (ESSDAI)score in observation group.Then the levels of Th22 cells and serum IL-22 were compared among different labial gland pathologic stage in patients with pSS.Results The levels of Th22 cells and serum IL-22 in the observation group were (2.53±1.56)%,718.6±176.8 pg/ml respectively,and significantly higher than (1.24±0.51)%,258.9±72.4 pg/ml in control group (P<0.05).Th22 cell level was positively related with the level of serum IL-22,anti-SSA,anti-SSB and ESSDAI score,and negatively related with the content of C3 and C4 (P<0.05).There were no significant differences in the levels of Th22 cells and serum IL-22 different labial gland pathologic stage in patients with pSS (P>0.05).Conclusion The levels of Th22 cells and serum IL-22 significantly in-creased in patients with pSS,and related to other inflammatory indexes and disease activity,so they may participate in the genesis and development of pSS.

To evaluate the effect of delayed treatment with monoclonal antibody to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-? MAb) on systemic hemodynamics and multiple organ dysfunction following prolonged hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation. Method: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to prolonged hemorrhagic shock (MAP of 4.00-4.66 kPa for 180 rain)followed by resuscitation over 50 min. The animals were treated intravenously with either TNF-? MAb (20.0 mg/kg) or the control protein(albumin,20.0 mg/kg)15 rain after the end of resuscitation(65 min after shock). Result: Compared to the albumin controls, delayed treatment with TNF-? MAh significantly reduced the total peripheral resistance index (P

Objective To explore the job burnout and its related factors among nurses.Methods 486 clinical nurses from a three grade second level general hospital were investigated by Moreno-Jimenez nursing burnout scale (NBS) and using SPSS17.0 software and ANOVA method to analyse the data.Results NBS results showed the score of job burnout in 486 objects was (164.92 ± 25.60).Significant differences of job burnout levels were showed among ages,marital status,professional titles,working periods,working relationship,work load,income,and housework periods (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Job burnout is a general phenomenon in these investigated nurses and its level is above average.Administrators should pay more attention to these related factors which can easily cause job burnout and take positive feasibility assistant strategies.

Objective To analyze, the risk factors and related psychological factors in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)and survey the curative effect. Methods All of 200 outpatients with GERD(GERD group) and 200 healthy persons (control group)from January 2006 to January 2008 were randomly selected, and the personal data were investigated. The GERD questionnaire (RDQ) and the Zung-self-rating depression scale (SDS) test were used. Results In GERD group, the proportions of high education, city living, marriage instability ,heavy working pressure, high body mass index (BMI),smoking and drinking habit, peptic disease in family, using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were higher than those in control group (Pall < 0.01). After treatment, the patients in GERD group had lower scores in the RDQ and SDS test than those before treatment (P< 0.01). Conclusions There are many risk factors in patients with GERD, especially the psychological factors. The therapy of GERD should combine with psy-chotherapy and avoid high BMI, smoking, drinking and overusing the NSAID.

This paper is prepared to discuss the common issues in data management, such as building and training of data management team, standard operation procedure, document management, execution and communication, strategies to correct and prevent mistakes, and measures to improve the quality and efficiency of clinical trials and data management.
Clinical Trials as Topic ; Data Collection ; standards ; Information Storage and Retrieval ; standards