Objective To induce experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) rabbits by using T?125～147 Methods Peptides T?125～147 were synthesized referring to the residue sequence of acetylcholine receptor of Torpedo California and the rabbits were inoculated with the peptides Clinical manifestation was graded in 4 levels Electrophysiological function was assessed by repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) and single fibre electromyography (SFEMG) tests Anti peptides antibodies were evaluated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Student t test was used to analyze the difference between the EAMG and healthy rabbits Results Following the second inoculation,the rabbits appeared weakness Clinical symptoms were improved by neostigmine At 3,5 and 10 Hz,the decrement of compound muscle action potential (CMAP) and the mean jitter (MCD) of the immunized rabbits were higher than in the healthy ones The percentage of decrement of CMAP in order of the control group and the T?125～147 group were:3 Hz: 1 625?1 317,25 375?7 945; 5 Hz: 2 000?1 732,25 625?9 102; 10 Hz: 1 750?1 392,28 875?8 709.Following the above sequence,the MCD were:3 Hz: (9 875?1 126) ?s,(25 875?7 945) ?s; 5 Hz: (11 375?0 916) ?s,(27 500?3 381) ?s; 10 Hz: (12 375?1 061) ?s,(31 000?4 811) ?s Anti peptide antibodies in immunized groups were significantly higher than those in the control group Conclusion T?125～147 might be served as the immunogenic to induce EAMG in rabbits,accompanied by elevation of anti peptide antibodies and the blockage of neuromuscular transmission

Objective To investigate the effect of goal-directed fluid treatment (GDT) on prognosis during emergency operation for craniocerebral trauma patients.Methods Thirty craniocerebral trauma patients treated with emergency craniotomy from January 2015 to October 2015 were divided into control group (n =15) and GDT group (n =15),according to the random number table.In control group,the patients [ten males and five females,age of (40.3 ± 12.1) years and weighting (62.1 ± 9.1) kg] were given conventional fluid therapy based on the intraoperative mean arterial pressure,heart rate,central venous pressure,etc.In GDT group,the patients [eleven males and four females,age of (44.5 ± 9.6) years and weighting (64.0 ± 6.9) kg] received GDT based on the stroke volume variation (SVV) under Vigileo monitor.Serum levels of neuronspecific enolase (NSE) and S100-β were respectively detected by electrochemical luminescence and ELISA method before anesthesia induction (T1),1 h after dura incision(T2),immediately after surgery (T3),6 h after operation(T4),24 h after operation(T5) and 48 h after operation (T6).Intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) were detected at all time points,and Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) at T1,T5 and T6.Postoperative infection,brain edema,hospital stay in ICU,total hospital stay and death rate were recorded.Results Compared with control group,levels of NSE in GDT group were decreased at T4,T5 and T6 and levels of S100-β in GDT group were decreased at T3,T4,T5 and T6 (all P ＜ 0.05).Intracranial pressure in GDT group was not significantly different from that in control group (P ＞ 0.05).GCS at T6 was higher in GDT group than that in control group (P ＜ 0.05).Length of ICU stay and length of total hospital stay in GDI group were (4.5 ± 2.1) d and (14.3 ± 3.6) d respectively,shorter than (6.3 ± 1.9) d and (18.3 ± 4.0) d in control group (P ＜ 0.05).None experienced infection,brain edema and death after operation.Conclusion Compared with conventional fluid therapy,GDT is beneficial to the prognosis of craniocerebral trauma patients undergoing emergency craniotomy without increasing intracranial pressure and brain edema,and GDT can reduce hospital stay.

Autophagy, a cellular process of "self-eating" by which intracellular components are degraded within the lysosome, is an evolutionarily conserved response to various stresses. Autophagy is associated with numerous patho-physiological conditions, and dysregulation of autophagy contributes to the pathogenesis of a variety of human diseases including cancer. Depending on context, activation of autophagy may promote either cell survival or death, two major events that determine pathological process of many illnesses. Importantly, the activity of autophagy is often associated with apoptosis, another critical cellular process determining cellular fate. A better understanding of biology of autophagy and its implication in human health and disorder, as well as the relationship between autophagy and apoptosis, has the potential of facilitating the development of autophagy-based therapeutic interventions for human diseases such as cancer.
Apoptosis ; Autophagy ; Cell Death ; Cell Survival ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; pathology

Asthma ; Humans ; Hygiene ; Hygiene Hypothesis ; Hypersensitivity

Major changes and updates of Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) document M100-S22 for performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing were introduced in the article,which includes ( 1 ) general changes; (2) changes of drugs recommended for testing and reporting;( 3 ) changes of interpretive criteria ( breakpoints ) and comments ; ( 4 ) changes of quality control and others; and (5) changes of appendixes and glossaries.

Objective To observe the change of the number of endothelial progenitor cells(EPCs)in peripheral circulation after acute middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion(MCAO/R)and to evaluate the therapeutic effect of VEGF through mobilizing bone marrow-derived EPCs in treatment of mouse brain infarction after acute MCAO/R.MethodsTotally 36 mice were randomized into MCAO/R+VEGF group,MCAO/R group and sham operation group.MCAO/R mice model was established according Longa's method.VEGF [3.3 ng/(g?d),for 7 d] was injected intraperitoneally to the mice of MCAO/R+VEGF group to mobilize bone marrow-derived EPCs.The other 2 group received an injection of normal saline.At days 1,4,7 during mobilization,neurological functions were evaluated and blood samples were taken from angular vein.Then the number of EPCs in peripheral circulation in MCAO/R group and MCAO/R+VEGF group was detected by flow cytometry.Mice were decapitated and brains sliced and stained with triphenyltetrazolium chloride(TTC)to calculate infarct volume using specific image analyzing system.Infarct volumes were calculated and compared among groups.ResultsThe number of EPCs in MCAO/R+VEGF group began to increase at day 1 after treatment,and peaked at day 4 and sustained to day 7,which was significantly larger than those in MCAO/R group and sham operation group at every time point(P

Objective To screen and clone the target genes transactivated by nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) of hepatitis C virus (HCV). Methods The mRNA was isolated from HepG2 cells transfected with pcDNA3.1(-)-NS5A and pcDNA3.1(-) empty vector, respectively. Suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) method was employed to analyze the differentially expressed DNA sequence between the two groups. The obtained sequences were searched for homologous DNA sequence from GenBank. The new gene with no homology with known genes in this database was confirmed, and electric polymerase chain reaction was conducted for cloning the full-length DNA of the new gene and in conjunction with Kozak rule and the terminus of polyadenyl signal sequence. The reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) was used to amplify the new gene from mRNA of HepG2 cell as the template. The coding sequence of the new gene was deduced according to the nucleotide sequence. Results A new gene with unknown function was named as NS5ATP3. The nucleotide sequence of the NS5ATP3 gene and its corresponding amino acid have been determined, which contained 1 572nt and 524aa. The sequence of the NS5ATP3 gene was deposited into GenBank, with the accession number AF529364. Conclusions NS5ATP3 gene transactivated by HCV NS5A protein was cloned and identified successfully by combining molecular biological technology and bioinformatics technique. These results will pave the way for the study of the molecular mechanism of the transactivating effects of HCV NA5A protein and the development of new therapy for chronic hepatitis C.

Molecular targeted therapy plays an important role in the treatment of gastrointestinal cancer.In recent years,a large number of targeted drugs have been developed and tested in clinical trials to verify their efficacy and security.The better efficacy and security of targeted drugs represented by monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been demonstrated in each phase of clinical trials.

The abnormal expression of MUC15, a novel cell membrane-associated mucin, has been reported to predict poor survival in several cancers. The aim of the present study was to examine the expression of MUC15 in glioma and its correlation with clinicopathological features, including the survival of patients with glioma. The mRNA expression level of MUC15 was determined by RT-PCR, quantitative RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting in seven normal brain tissues and seven glioma tissues, respectively. The protein expression level of MUC15 was immunohistochemically detected in paraffin-embedded samples of 317 glioma tissues and 115 noncancerous brain tissues. The association of MUC15 expression levels with the clinicopathologic features and the prognosis was analyzed. The results showed that both mRNA and protein levels of MUC15 were significantly increased in glioma as compared with those in noncancerous brain tissue. Moreover, MUC15 overexpression was positively correlated with the advanced clinical stages of glioam patients (P<0.01). Furthermore, MUC15 expression levels were significantly correlated with the progression of glioma (P<0.001). Survival analysis indicated that glioma patients with higher MUC15 expression had a significantly shorter overall and 5-year survival time than those with low MUC15 expression. Multivariate analysis suggested that MUC15 overexpression was an independent factor for prognosis (hazard risk: 3.216; P=0.009). It was concluded that MUC15 is overexpressed in glioma tissues. Its overexpression correlates with tumor progression and it is a potentially unfavorable prognostic factor for patients with glioma.

To research the association between primary progressive pterygium and tear film.
●METHODS: Totally 60 cases of primary progressive pterygium from September 2012 to June 2013 in our hospital were enrolled. The pterygium eye was for observation group and the contralateral eye as the control group. The differences of eye symptoms, tear film break-up time ( BUT ), Schirmer Ⅰ test ( S Ⅰ t ), corneal fluorescein staining (FL), tear ferning test (TFT) and the conjunctival impression cytology ( ClC) were compared between two groups.
●RESULTS: The eyes in observation group had higher symptoms score, FL score, grades of conjunctival squamous metaplasia, percentage of abnormal tear ferning, but had lower BUT and density of goblet cell, the differences had statistically significance (P<0. 05); Similar S Ⅰ t results were presented in the two groups, the difference had no statistically significance (P>0. 05).
● CONCLUSlON: Primary progressive pterygium can cause a decrease in tear film stability, which in turn lead to some dry eye symptoms such as dry feeling and burning sensation, and its mechanism may be caused by multi-factors, such as density change of goblet cell and the tear fluid dynamics.