The initiation and development of diabetic chronic complications is associated not only with the level of blood glucose,but also with the glucose fluctuation.The damage in large artery and microvessel may be caused by glucose fluctuation.There are two causes which induce glucose fluctuation in clinical:one is postprandial hyperglyceamia with not well controlled,the other is hypoglycemia causes by unsuitable therapy.A lot of effective new types of substances were applicated in clinical,such as ?-glucosidase inhibitor,glinide-insulin secretagogus,fast-acting and long-acting insulin analogues.With these new powerful tools,there is possibility to treat diabetes more correctly and safely,and control the blood glucose in a stable and good level.

The incidence of malnutrition among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) constantly increases despite the development of health care and dialysis techniques.New nutritional targets for CKD patients upon maintenance treatment have been developed.Before dialysis,evidences have shown that a long-term nutritional care plan,with a control of protein intake,can effectively correct metabolic disorders including proteinuria and acidosis.During the maintenance dialysis,the optimal protein and energy intakes have been recently challenged.The new classification of nutritional disorders in CKD patients may help the easily identification of protein-energy wasting.

Objective If IL-2 and IFN-? are united,perhaps we may see a more significant antitumor effect.A fusion gene of IL-2 and IFN-? was designed and constructed by DNA engineering.Methods CEA promotor、IL-2cDNA and IFN-?cDNA were obtained by PCR and RT-PCR.SDS-PAGE was used to examine the results;pcDNA-IL-2、pcDNA-IFN-?、pCEA-IL-2/ IFN-?、pEGFP-IL-2/ IFN-? were transfected to CEA high expression cell line(Lovo)by use of liposome.The fusion protein expression was examined by fluorescence microscope and Western blotting.Results IL-2/ IFN-? fusion gene can be expressed in tumor cells.Its expression is more obvious in CEA high expressed cells(Lovo),and can be located in cell plasma.Conclusion The fusion gene can be expressed in plasma of CEA high expressed cell lines.It may have a new anti-tumor effects.

Medical English writing presents specific principles of selecting words and making sentences.Word selecting requires brevity,necessity,and clarity,while sentence making demands proper length,expressive verb,and impressive subject.Understanding these principles is of great help to Chinese medical writers.

Affected by region economy,culture and low subject level as well as the lag of the academic grass-roots organizations,there exist dingle structure,similar systems,narrow,fuctions unsmooth operation and lack of vigor in the universities' academic grass-roots organizations.Therefore,we must fully understand the role of academic grass-roots organizations,reform the authority model and innovate university academic organizational structures.

ObjectiveTo develop an evidence-based guideline on the oral hygiene care for adults with dementia in aged nursing homes. MethodsUsing the keywords “oral hygiene,dementia,aged nursing homes” to search in the databases including National guideline clearinghouse,Cochrane library,and Joanna Briggs institute,etc.Only the clinical guideline,systematical review and best practice were included. ResultsOne clinical practice guideline,one systematic review,and one best practice were found mainly. ConclusionsThe scale of brief oral health status is recommended,and nurses should be trained for oral screening.Recommendations include regular using toothpaste with fluoride and mouthwash with chlorhexidine gluconate,reducing intake and frequency of sugar consumption,regular cleaning the dentures,using salvia substitutes or stimulus,and carrying out the behavior management and communication strategies for dementia patients.

Community Language Learning was employed to strengthen English class cohesion and improve students performance, and positive results have been achieved with regard to classroom atmosphere, students involvement and CET-4 scores. Initial studies and experiments show that application of foreign linguistic teaching theories in the Chinese setting is feasible and rewarding.

Humans ; Intraoperative Complications ; Osteotomy ; adverse effects ; methods ; Postoperative Complications ; Spine ; surgery

Humans ; Osteotomy ; adverse effects ; methods ; Scoliosis ; surgery

Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; trends ; China ; Hip Prosthesis ; Humans ; Prosthesis Failure