Adolescent ; Age Factors ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Male ; Urinary Tract Infections ; etiology ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux ; complications ; epidemiology

Objective To study the change of angiotensin Ⅱ in the applications of pumpless ECMO, and its effect on prognosis of the acute respiratory failure. Methods The study was performed in ten dogs [ weight 18 - 35 kg, mean weight ( 23.4 ± 4.7 ) kg].A respiratory failure animal model was established end then was treated by bilateral femoral artery-venous ECMO. Collection right atriurn blood end constitution of lung at different time (before ECMO, during ECMO 1h, 2h, 3h, 4h). Angiotensin Ⅱ content in blood and lung homogenate was detected by radio-immunity mothod. Angiotensin Ⅱ expression loci in lung were detected by immunohistochemistry mothod. Results Angiotensin Ⅱ content in plasma was decreased at completion of the model, it was back up at 1 hour and reached the peak at 3 hours, then it slowly declined. Angiotensin Ⅱ content in lung homogenate increased at the beginning, peaked by 2 hours, end then it decreased. Loci angiotensin Ⅱ in lung by immunohistochemistry were expressed in most of epithelial cells cytoplast of bronchiole dissepimont, smooth muscle cell cytoplast of small blood vessel around it end a few macrophage cytoplasts during the model time..Conclusion It is valuable to measure engiotensin Ⅱ in blood through the bilateral femoral artery-venous ECMO, because it can reflect angiotensin Ⅱ in lung and the resume of lung in certain degree.

Objective To re evaluate the diagnosis and outcome in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by long term follow up at Wuhan University Zhongnan Hospital in Wuhan, China. Methods One hundred patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 15 with Crohn's disease (CD) treated in this hospital from 1980 to 1999 were re evaluated with the uniform diagnostic criteria proposed by National Workshop of Chronic Non infectious Intestinal Diseases, 1993. All patients were followed up by questionnaire, telephone and face to face interview 1～16 years after the initial diagnosis. Results Of 115 patients with IBD, 75(65%) were available for follow up study. Of 64 cases of UC, 46 had their diagnosis confirmed, 9 diagnosed as possible UC, and 9 cases were reclassified as other diseases. Of 11 cases with CD, 7 were diagnosed correctly, 2 were possible CD, and 1 were intestinal tuberculosis. In the remaining 55 UC, 3 died and 1 due to complication of UC. Other 52 UC, 37 had relapse. In the 10 patients with CD, 1 died due to complication. In other 9 cases 7 had relapse. In 46 patients with UC and 6 patients with CD there were symptom free or symptoms improved. Conclusions At follow up 1 to 16 years after the diagnosis of IBD, the initial diagnosis of UC and CD was confirmed in 86% and 82% respectively. Relapse rates of UC and CD were 71% and 78% respectively. The prognosis of patients with UC is better with 88% symptom free and improvement, while only 67% of patients with CD were symptom free and symptoms improved.

Objective To describe the disease's spectrum of fever patients,especially to analyze the epidemic characterization of infectious diseases,to offer the proof for fever department in screening of infectious diseases.Methods A total of 15081 patients were analyed for patients presenting to the Infectious Diseases Department,People's Hospital,Peking University,between June 2005 to May 2006.A retrospective study was used to analyze the disease's spectrum and epidemic characterization.Results Among the disease's spectrum of fever patients,the first leading cause was respiratory diseases(78.22%),followed by infection with the special patients(10.50%)、acute gastroenteritis(3.57%)、the infection at other site with etiological factor determined(2.82%)、infectious diseases(2.30%)、urinary system infection(2.06%) and fever of unknown origin(0.53%),respectively;Among the spectrum of infectious diseases,the first leading cause was infectious diarrheal disease(29.97%),followed by measles(24.78%)、lung tuberculosis(11.24%).Conclusion The spectrum of fever is complex.To obtain the epidemic characterization of infectious diseases,it's helpful to the fever department to screen and prevent the infectious diseases.

Objective To investigate the effect of RO20-1724 on the cognitive function in immature rats after ketamine anesthesia.Methods Ninety-six SD rats of both sexes,aged 21 days,weighing 45-55 kg,were randomly divided into 8 groups ( n =12 each):control group (group C) ; ketamine group (group K) ; ketamine + normal saline group (group K + N) ; ketamine + anhydrous alcohol group (group K + A) ; ketamine + 4 different doses of RO20-1724 groups (group K + R1-4 ).The rats were anesthetized with intraperitoneal injection of kctamine 70 mg/kg in groups K,K+N,K+A and K+.R1-4.Normal saline 2 ml,anhydrous alcohol (in normal saline 2 ml),and RO20-1724 0.25,0.50,0.75 and 1.00 mg/kg (in anhydrous alcohol 8 μl and then in normal saline 2 ml) were injected intraperitoneally in groups K + N,K + A and K + R1-4 respectively 30 min later.Six rats from each group were randomly selected at 24 h after administration and Morris water maze was used to test the ability of learning and memory.Six rats from each group were sacrificed at 48 h after administration and hippocampus and cerebral cortex were removed for determination of the expression of CREB and phospho-CREB (p-CREB) by Western blot.Ressults Compared with group C,the escape latency was significantly prolonged at 2-4 days after administration,the number of animals' swimming across the platform decreased,and the expression of CREB and pCREB in hippocampus and cerebral cortex down-regulated in groups K,K+ N,K+ E,K+ R1 and K+ R2(P ＜0.05 ).Compared with group K,the escape latency was significantly shortened at 2-4 days after administration,the number of animals' swimming across the platform increased,and the expression of CREB and p-CREB in hippocampus and cerebral cortex up-regulated in groups K + R3 and K + R4 ( P ＜ 0.05).Compared with groups K + R1 and K + R2,the escape latency was significantly shortened at 2-4 days after administration,the number of animals' swimming across the platform increased,and the expression of CREB and p-CREB in hippocampus and cerebral cortex up-regulated in groups K+ R3 and K+ P4(P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences in the escape latency,the number of animals' swimming across the platform,and the expression of CREB and p-CREB in hippocampus and cerebral cortex between groups K + R1 and K + R2,and between groups K + R3 and K + R4 ( P ＞ 0.05 ).Conclusion RO20-1724 0.75-1.00 mg/kg can improve ketamine-induced cognitive dysfunction by up-regulating CREB and p-CREB expression in hippocampus and cerebral cortex in immature rats.

Objective To explore the nursing efficacy of handling methods for local tissue damage in-duced by venous fluorouracil exosmosis. Methods 64 cancer patients who were used fluorouracil had 300 venous exosmosis cases,these were divided into two groups randomly with 150 cases in each group.In the exper-imental group, lidocaine plus dexamethasone acetate were used for wet compress for 12～24 hours continuously, then cold dressing for 12～24 hours discontinuously.In the control group, lidocaine plus dexamethasone acetate were used for local block,then cold dressing for 12～24 hours discontinuously. Results The time of local swelling reduction was shorter(P<0.01 ), the condition of subcutaneous hemorrhage was lighter(P<0.05),the recovery time of subcutaneous stasis of blood was shorter (P<0.01) in the experimental group than that in the control group. Conclusions It can reduce patients' pain and local swelling by using lidocaine plus dexam-ethasone acetate for continuouswet compress plus discontinuous cold dressing to treat venous fluorouracil exos-mosis.Patients were willing to accept it and it can avoid the pain and damage induced by local block.

Objective To investigate the effects of RO20-1724 on repetitive ketamine administration-induced learning and memory impairment in immature rats.Methods Forty-eight 21-day-old SD rats of both sexes weighing 45-55 g were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =12 each):control group(group C); ketamine group (group K); ketamine + RO20-1724 group (group K+ R) and ketamine + vehicle (ethanol) group (group K+ A).Ketamine 70 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally (IP) once a day for 7 consecutive days in groups K,K+ R and K+ A.RO20-1724 0.5 mg/kg and equal volume of ethanol were injected IP at 30 min after IP ketamine once a day for 7 consecutive day in groups K + R and K + A respectively.Morris water maze test was used to assess learning and memory ability.The escape latency and the number of times of passing the safe zone were recorded.The animals were killed after water maze test and their brains removed for microscopic examination of hippocampus and determination of p-CREB protein expression in hippocampus (by Western blot).Results Repetitive ketamine administration significantly prolonged the escape latency,decreased the number of times of passing the safe zone and down-regulated the expression of p-CREB protein in hippocampus on the 3rd and 4th day in group K as compared with group C.RO20-1724 significantly attenuated the above changes induced by repetitive ketamine administration in group K + R as compared with group K.Electron microscopic examination showed that RO20-1724 significantly ameliorated repetitive ketamine administration-induced hippocampal neuronal damage.Conclusion RO20-1724 can ameliorate cognitive dysfunction induced by repetitive ketamine administration.Up-regulation of cAMP /CREB signaling pathway is involved in the mechanism.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Complement C3 ; metabolism ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A ; blood ; Male ; Silicosis ; blood ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; blood

Objective To investigate the cognition and behaviors of sun-protection and the facial photoaging in a Nanjing population, and to analyze the relationships between them. Methods The objects being investigated in Nanjing (n=974) were divided into 10 groups according to age. The ordinary information, knowledge and behavior of sun-protection and Glogau photoageing type of face were studied by questionnaires. The results were analyzed by a logistic regression model to select the related factors to photoageing. Results The risk of skin photoageing increased with age. Most of the 46-65 years old crowds were type Ⅲ photoageing. Most of the objects being investigated had some knowledge and active awareness of sun-protection and could use some ways to protect themselves from sun. However, most people did not use the sunscreen correctly. Those who had higher level awareness and knowledge of sunprotection suffered less risk from skin photoageing. Sunbath without sunscreen for a long time outside activity was a high risk factor of development to skin photoageing. Shade, broad-brimmed hat and sun-protection in autumn were the protective factors. Conclusion Active awareness and correct methods could help prevent skin photoageing. In order to avoid the damages to skin from ultraviolet efficiently, the accurate ways of using sunscreens should be well understood.