Objective To study the effect of rosiglitazone (RSG), the agonist of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ), on the proliferation and differentiation of rat osteoblasts and the related mechanisms. Methods The identification of rat primary osteoblasts was performed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and mineralized nodules. The 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo (-z-y1)-3,5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide (MTT) assay and p-nitrophenyl phosphate (PNPP) assay were used to observe the effects of different concentrations of RSG on proliferation and differentiation of the osteoblasts. The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to detect the expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) mRNA. The effects of the different concentrations (0,1,2,5,10 and 20 μmol/L) of RSG on TGF-β1-induced CTGF mRNA expression in osteoblasts were detected. Results (1)Different concentrations of RSG could not change the proliferation of osteoblasts (P＞0. 05). (2)Compared with control group, all different concentrations of RSG could suppress ALP activity in osteoblasts (P＜0. 01 ). (3) RSG suppressed the osteoblats CTGF mRNA expression induced by TGF-β1 in a dose-dependent manner (P＜0. 01). Conclusions In vitro, RSG can inhibit the TGF-β1 induced rat osteoblasts CTGF mRNA expression. RSG may play a potential role in preventing the differentiation of the rat osteoblasts.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for rational use of recombinant human granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) in cancer patients. METHODS:Referring to the expert advice and guideline of clinical application of rhG-CSF at home and abroad,DUE criteria on rhG-CSF for cancer patients was established;questionnaire was designed,and the medical re-cords of rhG-CSF in a third grade class A hospital was evaluated. RESULTS:The DUE criterion on rhG-CSF for cancer patients included 3 parts,such as drug indications,the course of medication and medication results,14 items in total. Through the imple-mentation of DUE,retrospective evaluation of 220 medical records showed that the application of rhG-CSF was up to the stan-dard in respects of drug indications,no contraindication,routine blood test and drug interaction monitoring at least twice every week,there still was irrational phenomenon. CONCLUSIONS:The established DUE criterion on rhG-CSF for cancer patients is with the characteristics of definite content,target and paracticabilitg,which can provide reference for the work development of clinical pharmacists.

Objective To compare two different gastric tube insertion methods on neonatal pain responae.Methods From April to July 2010,47 neonatal patients underwent gastric tube insertion in the neonatal department of our hospital were randomly classified into two groups:the nasal gastric tube insertion group(28 cases) and the oral gastric tube insertion group( 19 cases).Neonatal pain score and incidence of complications during gastric tube insertion between both groups were compared.Results The mean rank of pain scores were significantly higher in the nasal gastric tube insertion group than in the oral gastric tube insertion group.The incidence of pain and complications were higher in the nasal gastric tube insertion group than in the oral gastric tube insertion group.Conclusions The impact of oral gastric tube insertion on neonatal pain response is not significant,and few complications occur during oral gastric tube insertion,so it is worthy of clinical application.

Objective To assess the reliability and validity of the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) .Methods The cross-sectional survey was conducted in the outpatient department of this hospital .544 insomnia and non-insomnia voluntary participants (18-65 years old) from July to October 2011 were assessed with PSQI and the insomnia severity index (ISI) ,which were randomly delivered to them .Results The test-retest reliability of PSQI was 0 .994 .The split-half reliability coefficient of PSQI was 0 .824 . The overall Cronbach′s alpha coefficient was 0 .845 .The confirmatory factor analysis showed that the fitting indicators for the χ2/df ,root mean square error of approximation(RMSEA) ,non-normed fit index(NNFI) ,comparative fit index(CFI) and goodness-of-fit index(GFI) were 4 .83 ,0 .09 ,0 .96 ,0 .98 and 0 .97 respectively .The correlation coefficient between the PSQI and ISI was 0 .842 . The correlations coefficients between PSQI with the questionnaire type ,interview date and interview department were -0 .046 , 0 .276 and -0 .331 .Grouping by individuals with or without insomnia ,the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) for PSQI was 0 .944(95% CI:0 .925-0 .963) .Conclusion PSQI has good reliability and validity ,and could be used for the sleep quality comprehensive evaluation in the patients with insomnia .

Objective:To investigate whether the habenula takes part in the depressor effect of losartan.Methods:Arterial blood pressure,heart rate and the unit dischargings of habenular neurons in rat were recorded simultaneously.Results:Arterial blood pressure was apparently decreased by 10 mg/kg losartan intraperitoneally(ip),but heart rate did not change;63.64% (21/33) unit dischargings of habenular neurons was increased in the rate of discharges.Conclusion:The depressor effect of losartan (ip) may be involved in the excitation of habenular neurons by lsoartan(ip).

Long-term treatment with an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ is associated with bone fractures in the clinical practice. However, the mechanisms underlying the fractures are not fully understood. This study was aimed to examine the effect of rosiglitazone (an agonist of PPAR-γ) of different doses on the proliferation, differentiation, and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1)-induced expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in primary rat osteoblasts in vitro. Osteoblasts were isolated from newly born SD rats and treated with different doses of rosiglitazone (0-20 μmol/L). The proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts were measured by MTT assay and NPP assay, respectively. The expression of CTGF was determined by RT-PCR and Western blotting. The results showed that most isolated osteoblasts displayed strong alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and treatment with different doses of rosiglitazone did not affect their proliferation, but significantly inhibited the differentiation of osteoblasts in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, treatment with different doses of rosiglitazone significantly reduced the TGF-β1-induced CTGF mRNA transcription and protein expression in a dose-dependent manner in rat osteoblasts. It was concluded that the activation of PPAR-γ may inhibit the differentiation of osteoblasts by reducing the TGF-β1-induced CTGF expression in vitro.

Background Fungal keratitis is one of primary infectious ocular diseases in China.Conventional diagnostic method is fungal cultivation.In vivo laser confocal microscope is a noninvasive examination of ocular surface.However,the study on features of in vivo laser confocal microscope images of frequent fungal keratitis is still not thorough.Objective This study was to analyze laser confocal microscope imaging features of four typical fungal keratitis.Methods The clinical data of 65 eyes from 65 patients with fungal keratitis were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were initially diagnosed in Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Military Command PLA from January 2007 to November 2011, and laser confocal microscope examination of ocular surface and fungal cultivation were performed.The characteristics of laser confocal microscope images were investigated,including shape and type of hypha,distribution of spores and the relationship of hypha with lesion.The differentiation between fungal hypha and other corneal tissues was summarized.Results Fungal cultivation showed that among the 65 patients,Fusarium,Aspergillus,Candida and Alternaria were common pathogenic fungus with the infected proportion 63.0％ , 16.9％,3.0％ and 4.6％ ,respectively, and 12.5％ patients were infected by other fungus.In the images of laser confocal microscope,hyphae of Fusarium presented the branch-like high reflective structure in the corneal superficial stromal layer and thinning line shape in the deep stromal layer.Few inflammatory cells were found.The peudohyphae and spores from Candida were seen in corneal superficial and mid stroma layers, with few inflammatory cells and many proliferating stromal fibers in the lesions.The hyphae of Aspergillus presented worm-like, showing the thinner and shorter shapes in comparison with those of Candida.The hyphae of Alternaria were long,straight and thick in shape,and spherical chlamydospores were found on the hyphal tip.The hyphae, subepithelial plexus, dendritic cells, fibrosis of the cornea all showed high reflection under the laser confocal microscope, but evidently differences appeared in shape,distribution and course in corneas.Conclusions Hyphae are the main basis to diagnose fungal keratitis and differentiate fungi.As a non-invasive examination method,laser confocal microscope can provide useful information for the early diagnosis and treatment of fungal keratitis in vivo.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of microgranular fat obtained by mechanical injection of autologous fat tissues in the treatment of lacrimal trough deformity.Methods Ten patients in this group were women,and the average age was 28 years.With tumescent technique,the thigh fat granules were aspirated;after the separation and purification using cell sorting screen,fat particles were obtained with uniform size and without fibrous tissue.Through mechanical pushing of the fat particles,the fat granules became chylomicron-like.The fat particles without fibrous tissue were injected into the superficial layer and deep layer of the orbicularis oculi muscle with depressed deformity.3-12 months after operation,the clinical efficacy was evaluated by doctors,patients and the third party.Results In 10 cases of lacrimal groove deformity,9 cases were transplanted once,and 1 case did twice.After 3 to 12 months follow-up the appearance of tear trough deformity was significantly improved,the texture of the ditch of eyelid and cheek skin was soft,and appeared young plump appearance.There were no complications,such as infection,hematoma,fat liquefaction,pigmentation and induration,and satisfactory results were obtained.Conclusions Ultrafine particles of fat are obtained using improved purification method in the treatment of lacrimal groove deformity,and the efficacy is satisfactory.

Objective To explore the role of Th17 cells in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)with cardiovascular disease (CVD).Methods 61 patients of SLE were collected from September 2011 to March 2013 in the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University by revised SLE classification standards of ACR in 1997.These patients were divided two groups:22patients of SLE with CVD and 39 patients of SLE without CVD;the control group include 20 healthy.Th17 cells were measured by flow cytometry,IL-1 7 was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The correlation among them and the disease active index were analyzed.Results ①The percent of Th1 7 cells in the group of SLE with CVD,that in the group of SLE without CVD and that in control group were (2.09±0.98)%,(1.75±0.75)% and (0.89±0.44)%,respec-tively.The percent of Th1 7 cells in healthy group were lower than that in SLE with CVD and SLE without CVD group (t=4.717~5.030,P<0.001).The level of IL-17 in the group of SLE with CVD,that in the group of SLE without CVD and that in control group were 85.64±20.76 pg/ml,75.25±28.14 pg/ml and 35.06±6.58 pg/ml respectively,and the serum of IL-17 in healthy group were lower than in SLE with CVD and SLE without CVD group (t=6.275~9.954,P<0.001). There were no significant difference of Th1 7 cells and IL-1 7 between SLE with CVD and SLE without CVD groups (t=1.520,P>0.05;t=1.513,P>0.05).②The level of IL-17 were correlated positively with SLEDAI and the anti-double strand DNA (r=0.393,P=0.008;r=0.558,P<0.001),were correlated negatively with complement C3 (r=-0.423,P=0.005).The percent of Th17 cells in CD4+T cells were correlated positively with SLEDAIand the anti-double strand DNA (r=0.681,P<0.001;r=0.492,P=0.015)were correlated negatively with complement C3 (r=-0.534,P=0.027).Con-clusion The level of Th1 7 cells and IL-1 7 were high in SLE,and they were related with the disease activity.The cardiovas-cular factor had not affect the expression of Th1 7 cells and IL-1 7 in SLE.

To investigate the expression of vaginal IL-23 and its role in experimental murine vaginal candidiasis and its relationship with infection and immune status, immuno-competent (group A) and immuno-suppressed (group B) murine models of vaginal candidiasis were established in estrogen-treated mice. Non-estrogen-treated mice were used as controls (group C). The level of IL-23 p19 mRNA in murine vaginal tissue was determined by RT-PCR. Significantly increased levels of IL-23p19mRNA were observed on the 4th, the 7th and 14th day after inoculation in immuno-competent group when compared with that in control group (P<0.01, P<0.05). However, significant increase of IL-23 p19mRNA were only observed on the 7th day and the 14th day after inoculatuon in immuno-suppressed groups (P<0.05). On the 4th and 7th day, the levels of IL-23 p19mRNA were significantly increased in immuno-competent group than those in immuno-suppressed group (P <0.05). Local IL-23 may play a role in the pathogenesis of murine vaginal candidiasis and has a protective function during infection. Low vaginal IL-23 level may correlate with the increased susceptibility to Candida albicans in immuno-suppressed group.