OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of aluminum hydroxide adjuvant on a murine model of allergic rhinitis (AR) and to confirm an appropriate method of establishing a mouse model of AR. METHOD: Establishing two types of BALB/c mice models of AR, one was identified as Local group which was characterized through intranasal sensitization and challenge using ovalbumin (OVA), and the other Systemic group which was made by intraperitoneal sensitization with OVA plus aluminum hydroxide and intranasal challenge through OVA. Then the numbers of sneezing and nasal rubbing were counted after the last challenge and the eosinophils in the nasal mucosa of mice models were observed and counted though Luna stain. Furthermore, morphological hyperplasia was examined in intraepithelial goblet cells and submucosal glands with HE stain. In addition, interlukin (IL) -4, IL-5, OVA specific IgE (sIgE) and interferon (IFN)-gamma in nasal lavage fluid (NLF) and serum of mice were examined u sing enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULT: The counts of sneezing and nasal rubbing in local group were more than those in systemic group and eosinophilia in the nasal mucosa of former group was greater than that in the latter one. Morphological hyperplasia was stronger in intraepithelial goblet cells and submucosal glands in local group compared with that in systemic group. Furthermore, the contents of IL-4, IL-5 and sIgE increased in the NLF and serum of mice of local group compared to those of systemic one. However, the production of IFN-gamma of mice in local group decreased when compared with that in Systemic group. CONCLUSION OVA plus aluminum hydroxide adjuvant may promote Th1 type immune response as well as Th2 response. OVA intranasal sensitization and challenge locally is an appropriate way in the establishment of AR mice models.
Adjuvants, Immunologic ; pharmacology ; Aluminum Hydroxide ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Immunoglobulin E ; immunology ; Interferon-gamma ; immunology ; Interleukin-4 ; immunology ; Interleukin-5 ; immunology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; immunology

Child ; Female ; Humans ; Job Syndrome

According to the cultivation objectives of the plant-productive specialities, the teaching contents and methods, testing forms and experimental teaching of the course of General Microbiology have been re-formed. The reformation includes integrating, retrenching and updating the teaching contents, strengthening the fundamental knowledge, improving the classroom teaching methods and communicating in and after class in order to arouse the student’s interest and greatly spurs student’s initiative. The testing forms were also reformed to comprehensively evaluate the student’s ability of mastering and managing the knowledge. Through the reinforcement of the basic technical and scientific research training in the experiments, good teaching results have been achieved.

Adolescent ; Age Factors ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Male ; Urinary Tract Infections ; etiology ; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux ; complications ; epidemiology

Objective To analyze the effects of self-ligating bracket on enlarging the maxillary alveolar arch and to investigate the the non-extraction treatment programs.Methods All patients were used heat activated basic and precise theory for the orthodontist in order to make a plan fordeveloping nickel-titanium wire,then assessed by occlusalplane analysis method.The maxillary model andcephalometric radiographs were collected and measured before the treatment.The data of the resultswereanalyzed.Results After the treatment,the increase of the width of the dental arch was related to the /FMA,crowding degree and canines initial position.The increase of arch length was related to the ∠ANB,crowding degree,malocclusion classification,canines initial position andthe second molar eruption.Conclusion The essential factors include the crowding degree of arch,∠FMA,∠ANB,the angle of the anterior teeth,malocclusion classification,canines initial position andthe second molar eruptioncan affect the result of non-extraction quick self-ligating bracket appliance treatment on enlarging the maxillary alveolar.

Objective:To analyze the correlation of single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNP) of ATP binding cassette transporter A1 gene (ABCA1) and lower extremity atherosclerotic disease (LEAD). Methods: The clinical data and peripheral blood were col-lected from 630 participants (314 LEAD cases and 316 normal controls) in Han population of Minnan. The 9 SNP genotypes in the ABCA1 gene were detected by Sequenom MassArray. Results:Among the 9 SNP genotypes, rs2980083 was rejected because it wasn' t in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Obvious linkage disequilibrium was found between rs2066714 and rs2066715, rs1800976 and rs2246293, rs2246293 and rs2980083, and rs1800976 and rs2980083(D′>0. 9,r2 >1/3). There were no significant differences (P>0. 05) in 6 haplotypes of ABCA1 gene groups between the LEAD cases and the normal controls. No significant differ-ences (P>0. 05) were found in frequency distribution between the LEAD cases and the normal controls in 8 SNP according to the re-sults of genotype statistics. There was no onset risk of LEAD according to the gene logistic regression analysis. Conclusion:The SNPs of rs10124755, rs2980083, rs1800976, rs4149341, rs2066714, rs2066715, rs2066716, rs2230808 and rs2246293 might not correlate with the susceptibility of LEAD in Han population of Minnan.

Carcinogens ; Carcinogens, Environmental ; Retrospective Studies ; Threshold Limit Values

Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; complications ; Respiratory Insufficiency ; complications

This paper retrospectively analyzed the quality control methods of Fructus Forsythiae, summarized the corresponding achievements and problems on its quality control. It can provide some available envidences for the quality control of Fructus Forsythiae and its preparations.

Background Hypoxia is the main factor of retinal neovascularization and is closely associated with retinal ganglial cells (RGCs) degeneration.However, the study of retinal neural tissue lesions is rare.Objective This study was to investigate the influence of hypoxia environment on the expression of annexin A2 (ANXA2) in mouse RGC-5 cells and explore the mechanism of RGCs damage induced by hypoxia.Methods Immortalized mouse RGC-5 cells were cultured in high glucose DMEM with 10％ fetal bovine serum.The cells were identified by detecting the expression of Thy-1 ,a specific biomarker of RGCs.CoCl2 was added into the medium at the final concentrations of 50,100,200 and 300 μmol/L, and the cells without CoCl2 served as the control group.Cell viability (absorbance) was assayed by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) method in 12,24 and 48 hours after addition of CoCl2.The hypoxic cell models were established in DMEM with 100 μmol/L CoCl2 and divided into the hypoxic 3-hour group, hypoxic 6-hour group, hypoxic 12-hour group and hypoxic 24-hour group,with the normal cultured cells as the normal control group.Apoptotic cells were determined by using hoechst 33342 stain.The expression levels of ANXA2 mRNA and protein in the cells were detected by real-time quantification PCR and Western blot,respectively.The expression and location of ANXA2 in the cells were examined by using immunofluorescence technique.Results The cultured cells grew well and showed the fusiform and polygonal shape,with positive expression of Thy-1 protein.Compared with the normal control group, the viabilities of the cells were insignificantly changed in the 50 μ mol/L CoCl2 group and 100 μmol/L CoCl2 group (all at P＞0.05) ,but the cell viabilities were significantly reduced in the 200 μμmol/L CoCl2 group and 300 μmol/L CoCl2 group in various time points (all at P＜0.05).Hoechst 33342 staining showed that the apoptotic cells with nuclear condensation and high green fluorescence intensity were obtained in the hypoxia groups.The relative expression levels of ANXA2 mRNA were significantly lower in the hypoxic groups than those in the normal control group (all at P ＜ 0.05).The relative expression levels of ANXA2 protein were significantly lower in the hypoxia 3-,6-, 12-and 24-hour group than those in the normal control group (all at P＜ 0.05).Apoptotic cells were seen in the hypoxic 3-hour group, hypoxic 6-hour group, hypoxic 12-hour group and hypoxic 24-hour group compared with the normal control group, showing the bright blue fluorescence in cellular nucleus for hoechst 33342.The relative expressing levels of ANXA2 mRNA in the cells were 0.80±0.14,0.67±0.33, 0.49±0.17 and 0.39±0.02 in the hypoxic 3-hour group,hypoxic 6-hour group, hypoxic 12-hour group and hypoxic 24-hour group, which were significantly declined in comparison with the normal control group, with a statistically difference among the groups (F=434.354, P =0.000).The relative expression values of ANXA2 protein were 0.552 6±0.012 3,0.425 9± 0.033 4,0.344 9 ± 0.017 8 and 0.382 7 ± 0.022 1 in the hypoxic 3-hour group, hypoxic 6-hour group, hypoxic 12-hour group and hypoxic 24-hour group,which were remarkably lower than 0.602 1 ±0.001 4 in the normal control group, showing considerably difference among the groups (F =3.057, P =0.000).ANXA2 proteins were highly expressed in the cellular nucleus and less expressed in the cell membrane and cytoplasm in the normal cells.Compared with the normal control group, the ANXA2 protein showed weak expression in the hypoxia group and primarily in the cytoplasm.Conclusions The expression of ANXA2 down-regulates in hypoxic mouse RGC-5 cells,which may participate in the apoptosis process of RGCs in high glucose environment.