Objective To study the primiparas' sexual problems after delivery and the effect of in-dividualized nursing interventions on improvement of these problems in order to provide theoretic base-ment for sexual health education after delivery. Methods 248 primiparas after delivery in women's hos-pital were randomly divided into the intervention group and the control group with 124 cases in each group. All of them received self- designed questionnaires about sexual problems one year before pregnancy. The primiparas in two groups all receives routine care. Besides, the intervention group was given sexual health manual and received one-to-one individualized nursing intervention on sexual life after delivery according to their own conditions. The two groups were all received countercheck during 4 to 6 months after delivery and the results underwent X2 test. Results There was no significant difference between the sexual prob-lems one year before pregnancy for the two groups. But when calling back during 4 to 6 months after deliv-ery, compared with the control group, the intervention group had less sexual problems. Conclusions It is necessary to strengthen sexual health education in order to improve the sexual problems after delivery. Indi-vidualized nursing interventions can not only fulfill the sexual health demands of different primiparas after delivery, but also guarantee the women's privacy and safety.

Heart ; physiology ; Humans ; Stress, Physiological

AIM To investigate the pharmacokinetic behaviors of total flavonoids from Epimedii Folium in osteoporotic rats in vivo.METHODS Twelve rats were divided into model group and sham group,after which the osteoporotic rat model was established by removing bilateral ovaries.After intragastric administration with total flavonoids (500 mg/kg),HPLC-DAD was applied to detecting the plasma concentrations of total flavonoids' prototype glycosides (epimedin A,epimedin B,epimedin C,icariin) and their metabolites (sagittatoside A,sagittatoside B,2-O-rhamnosylicariside Ⅱ,baohuoside Ⅰ,icaritin) at thirteen time points (0.083,0.25,0.5,0.75,1,2,3,4,6,8,12,24 and 48 h),then the plasma concentration-time curves were drawn,followed by the calculation of pharmacokinetic parameters.RESULTS Doubled peaks were observed in the plasma concentration-time curves of total flavonoids' prototype glycosides and their metabolites in both groups.Compared with the sham group,the integrated AUC and Cmax in the model group were significantly decreased (P ＜ 0.01),as well as the prolonged t1/2 (P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION The in vivo absorption and metabolism of total flavonoids from Epimedii Folium are much slower in the state of osteoporosis,thus affects the efficacy.

We investigated health condition and evaluate the viability of Barthel's measuring scale for 1297 elder patients at 17 nursing homes.We nursed all patients by standards and performed a comparison study.The nursing percentages of highest and lowest levels were higher than the previous ones ( P ＜ 0.01 ),while the nursing percentage of normal level was lower than the previous one ( P ＜ 0.01 ).The cooperation between doctors and nurses became optimized through progressive patient care.Ideal nursing standard should be based upon the doctors' judgment and nurses' evaluation.The new standard will be more suitable for patients and easier to control for nurses.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the results of superficial parotidectomy with preservation of the Steven’s duct. METHODS 27 cases of superficial parotidectomy with preservation of the Steven’s duct were reviewed retrospectively. Complications and treatment outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS Almost all cases investigated resulted in satisfactory outcomes. CONCLUSION Superficial parotidectomy with preservation of the Steven’s duct is a possible alternative for some patients, especially those with benign parotid tumour.

Objective To analyze the changes of celluar and humoral immunity in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis(JIA),as well as the changes in different subtypes,and to investigate the role of cellular and humoral immunity in the pathogenesis of JIA.Methods Ninety-two JIA subjects and 82 controls(healthy children) were included into this study.The levels of T lymphocyte subsets,natural killer (NK)cells,and B cells were analyzed by using flow cytometry.The serum interleukin-1 (IL-1),tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α),interleukin-l0 (IL-10),transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β) levels were detected by using enzyme-linked imnmunosorbent assay (ELISA).The serum IgG,IgM,IgA and C3,C4 levels were detected by using velocity scatter turbidimetry.Independent t-test,One-Way ANOVA test and Pearson analysis were adopted for data analysis.Results 1.In the group of JIA,the levels of CD3,CD4,IL-1,TNF-α,IgG,IgM,IgA and C3 were higher than those in the control group(all P ＜ 0.05),while the levels of CD4CD25,CD8,NK cells,IL-10 and TGF-β were lower than those in the control group(all P ＜0.05),and the ratio of CD4/CD8 was higher than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).2.In the group of systemic-onset JIA (so-JIA),the levels of CD4,IL-1,TGF-β,IgG,IgM,IgA,C3 and the ratio of CD4/CD8 were higher than those in the oligoarthritis JIA group(all P ＜ 0.05),while the levels of CD4CD25,CD8,IL-10 were lower than those in the oligoarthritis JIA group(all P ＜ 0.05).In the group of polyarthritis JIA,the levels of IL-1,TNF-α,IgG,IgM and IgA were higher than those in the oligoarthritis JIA group(all P ＜0.05),while the levels of CD4CD25,CD8,IL-10 were lower than those in the oligoarthritis JIA group (all P ＜ 0.05) ; In the group of so-JIA,the levels of CD4,TGF-β,C3 and C4 were higher than those in the polyarthritis JIA group (all P ＜ 0.05).3.The value of IL-1,TNF-α were positively correlated with that of C-reactive protein (CRP),erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR) in the JIA group(all P ＜ 0.05),while the value of IL-10,TGF-β was negatively correlated with that of CRP,ESR(all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions There are cellular immunity and humoral immunity disorders in the JIA.Cellular immunity and humoral immunity are all involved in the pathogenesis of JIA.T helper cells are activated and Th1 cytokines increase,suppressive T cells,regulatory T cells impairment and suppressive cytokines decrease but immunoglobin increase,which involve in auto inflammation reaction and articular destruction in JIA.The immunity disturbances are more striking in so-JIA and polyarthritis JIA.IL-1,TNF-α,IL-10 and TGF-β are correlated with the disease activity.

OBJECTIVE To select the superior one from two skin-cleaning disinfection methods so as to reduce the possibility of hospital infection.METHODS The water plus soaps(control group) and Daniel disinfectants(test group) were used separately to clean and disinfect the skin of patients in intensive care unit(ICU).The degree of skin-cleaning of patients and hand pollution of nurses were observed and analyzed.RESULTS The number of bacteria on the skin of patients of the test group was remarkably lower than that of the control group with a statistically significant difference(t=7.94,P

Objective To investigate the expression and significance of microRNA - 21(miR - 21)in acute kidney injury mice model at the different time points following ischemic/ reperfusion. Methods C57BL/ 6J mice were divided into 3 major groups:the control group(C group),sham operation group(S group)and ischemia - reperfusion group(IR group). Later 2 groups were divided into 9 sub - groups respectively according to the time following reperfu-sion. Automatic biochemical analyzer detected serum creatinine(Scr),blood urea nitrogen(BUN)level. HE staining detected renal pathological damage. Renal tubulointerstitial pathological score accessed pathological damage. Real time - PCR tested the expression of miR - 21 and mitogen - activated protein kinase kinase 3(MKK3)mRNA in renal respectively. Immunohistochemistry staining tested expression of MKK3. Results IR group's Scr,BUN levels gradually increased following reperfusion,24 h reached its peak,then gradually declined. The Scr,BUN level had statistically sig-nificant difference between IR group and S group at the same time subgroup from 3 h to 168 h following reperfusion(all P ﹤ 0. 01). The change of kidney damage and pathological changes of interstitial and tubular injury score consensus with renal function. miR - 21 increased gradually in renal ischemia after reperfusion,24 h peaked and then stabilized at this high level. miR - 21 was positively correlated with pathological tubulointerstitial injury from 0 h to 168 h after reperfu-sion(r = 0. 969,P ﹤ 0. 05). IR group's MKK3 mRNA and protein expression rose sharply following ischemia/ reperfu-sion,24 h peaked,and then gradually decreased. From 3 h to 168 h,the expression of MKK3 mRNA and proteins had significant difference at each same time points subgroups between IR group and S group(all P ﹤ 0. 01). Conclusions miR - 21 increases gradually in renal ischemia after reperfusion,24 h peaked and then stabilized at this high level. miR - 21 is positively correlated with pathological tubulointerstitial injury,which may be associated with the negative regulated relationship between miR - 21 and MKK3.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic technique of Alport syndrome(AS)by immunohistochemical staining of type Ⅳ collagen ? chains on paraffin-embedded renal sections.Methods Renal biopsies were obtained from 2 patients with autosomal recessive form of AS,2 female patients and 2 male patients with X-linked dominant form of AS and 2 patients with hematuria(1male and 1 female).AS was diagnosed according to symptoms,family history,pathology,immunofluorescence staining of type Ⅳ collagen ? chains on renal and skin biopsies and gene analysis.Normal portions of nephrectomized kidneys from 2 patients with renal tumor were used as controls.Type Ⅳ collagen ? chains were stained by two-step immunohistochemistry staining method on paraffin-embedded renal sections.Three antigen retrieval methods including autoclave heating,pepsin digestion and proteinase were investigated to find the best antigen retrieval method for type Ⅳ collagen ? chains.The findings were compared with those examined by immunofluorescence staining on fresh frozen sections.Results By immunohistochemistry staining,type Ⅳ collagen ?3 and ?5 chains showed continuous linear pattern along glomerular basement membrane on sections from the controls and the hematuria patients,intermittent linear pattern for X-linked dominant female AS patients,negative for X-linked dominant male AS patient.For patients with autosomal recessive AS,the staining of type Ⅳ collagen ?3 and ?5 chains were negative on glomerular basement membrane,but ?5 chain was positive on glomerular capsules and partial tubular basement membrane.The results were the same as those examined by immunofluorescence staining.Conclusion AS can be diagnosed by immunohistochemistry staining of type Ⅳ collagen on paraffin-embedded renal sections,which is a new technique for diagnosis of AS in China.

Objective To explore the value of deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA) content on clinical pathological characteristics of nephroblastoma in children.Methods Twenty-four cases of pediatric nephroblastoma from Jan.1993 to Dec.2007 were proved by pathology.The distribution of the 24 cases according to National Wilms Tumor Study group(NWTSG) criteria of USA was stage Ⅰ(12 cases),stage Ⅱ(7 cases),stage Ⅲ(5 cases).The pathology was highly differentiated in 10 cases,medium differentiated in 8 cases and low differentiated in 6 cases according to the level of differentiation.There were 9 cases of lymphatic metastasis and 15 cases of non-lymphatic metastasis in accordance with lymphatic metastasis.The DNA contents of 24 cases were determined by flow cytometry.Chi-square test was used to analyze the relationship among DNA ploidy and clinical stage,level of differentiation,lymphatic metastasis of children with nephroblastoma.Results Aneuploidy mainly occurred in clinical stage Ⅱ or stage Ⅲ(57.14%,100.0%),there was significant difference compared with that of stageⅠ(25.0%)(P