Humans ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases ; antagonists & inhibitors

This article describes the preparation of salmon calcitonin ultra-flexible liposomes and their hypocalcemia effect after intranasal administration in rats. Both the conventional liposomes and ultra-flexible liposomes were prepared by rotary evaporation-sonication and extrusion. The morphology of ultra-flexible liposomes was observed with transmission electronic microscope. The size and size distribution and their zeta potential were determined by dynamic light scattering. The mean size of ultra-flexible liposomes with DC-Chol was no more than 120 nm, while the mean size of the conventional liposomes was 256.5 nm. The results showed the content of sodium deoxycholate have significant effect on the mean particle size of liposomes. The ultra-flexible liposomes were intranasal administrated at the dose of 5.0 microg x kg(-1); the concentration of serum calcium was determined by OCPC method. The results showed that the salmon calcitonin solution only slightly lowered serum calcium levels and the conventional liposomes could improve the effect of decreased serum calcium level (D%), and the ultra-flexible liposomes had the best effect on the decreased serum calcium level, and the hypocalcemia effect was correlated with the content of sodium deoxycholate which was present in the liposomes. Moreover the ciliotoxicity of ultra-flexible nanoliposomes on nasal mucocilia was investigated with the electron microscope scanning. The results showed that the ultra-flexible liposomes markedly reduced the ciliotoxicity of sodium deoxycholate on nasal mucous. Thereby the ultra-flexible liposomes significantly enhanced the hypocalcemia effect of serum calcium after intranasal administration in rats. The ultra-flexible liposomes could be an effective carrier for intranasal delivery of the peptide and protein drugs.
Administration, Intranasal ; Animals ; Calcitonin ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Calcium ; blood ; Liposomes ; Male ; Particle Size ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

To explore influence of Xinmailong injection on cardiac function and vascular endothelial func‐tion in advanced aged patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) heart failure (HF).Methods : A total of 122 advanced aged AMI‐HF patients treated in our hospital from Mar 2015 to Jul 2017 were selected ,randomly and e‐qually divided into routine treatment group (received routine anti‐HF medication ) and Xinmailong group (received Xinmailong injection based on routine treatment group ) ,both groups were treated for 10d and then followed up for six months .LVEF ,wall motion score index (WMSI) ,serum levels of BNP , hsCRP , cTnI ,nitric oxide (NO) ,en‐dothelin (ET)‐1 and inner diameter of brachial artery were observed and compared between two groups before and after treatment .Results : Compared with before treatment ,there were significant rise in LVEF [routine treatment group : (35.42 ± 5.11)% vs. (44.62 ± 5.88)%;Xinmailong group : (36. 13 ± 5.64)% vs. (49.75 ± 6. 18)%] and serum NO level [routine treatmentgroup : (108. 35 ± 21.67) μmol／L vs. (129.68 ± 25. 83 ) μmol／L ; Xinmailong group : (110.26 ± 22.71) μmol／L vs. (156.82 ± 24. 19) μmol／L] ,and significant reductions in WMSI [routine treatment group : (2.49 ± 0.51) score vs. (1.45 ± 0.34) score ; Xinmailong group : (2.51 ± 0.42) score vs. (1. 12 ± 0.27) score] ,NYHA class (routine treatment group :3.19 ± 0. 44 vs. 2.65 ± 0.36 ;Xinmailong group :3. 21 ± 0.42 vs. 2.11 ± 0.28) ,serum levels of BNP [routine treatment group : (986. 72 ± 245.63 ) pg／ml vs. (764.42 ± 217.33) pg／ml ; Xinmailong group : (989.99 ± 243. 54 ) pg／ml vs. (607. 82 ± 198. 65 ) pg／ml ] , hsCRP [routine treatment group : (24.31 ± 3.82) mg／L vs. (14.52 ± 1. 69 ) mg／L ; Xinmailong group :(24.93 ± 3.74) mg／L vs. (7. 81 ± 0. 96) mg／L] ,cTnI [routine treatment group :(5.29 ± 0.43) μg／L vs. (3.01 ± 0. 27) μg／L ;Xinmailong group :(5.37 ± 0.64) μg／L vs. (1.42 ± 0.33) μg／L ] and ET‐1 [routine treatment group :(95. 67 ± 16. 32) ng／L vs. (76. 34 ± 17.82) ng／L ;Xinmailong group :(96.13 ± 17.21) ng／L vs. (57.29 ± 14. 63) ng／L] in two groups ;and LVEF and serum NO level of Xinmailong group were significantly higher than those of routine treatment group , WMSI ,NYHA class ,serum levels of BNP ,hsCRP ,cTnI and ET‐1 of Xinmailong group were significantly lower than those of routine treatment group , P＝0.001 all.Compared with before treatment ,there were significant rise in reactive hyperemia brachial diameter (Dhyperemia ) , fore brachial artery endothelium dependent diastolic‐systolic function (FMD) in Xinmailong group after treatment , and they were significantly higher than those of routine treatment group , P＜0. 05 or ＜0. 01 .Conclusion : Xinmailong injection can significantly improve cardiac function and vascular endothelial function in AMI‐HF patients ,which is worth extending .

Objective To study the PICC daily maintenance behaviors of patients and find out the related factors.Methods Data was collected by questionnaires from 104 patients who had PICC and stayed in hospital between 2009.12～2010.5.Results Patients had much knowledge on basic PICC daily maintenance,while to the complications related knowledge of PICC was low,so was the knowledge of push contrast medium by PICC.PICC daily maintenance activities was positively related with the time with PICC,education level,and the number of children(P<0.05).Conclusions The patients with PICC need better and further health edueation to improve their behaviors of PICC daily maintenance and reduce the incidence of PICC complications.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Leukemia, Prolymphocytic, B-Cell ; diagnosis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo investigate the changes of gene expression file in transitional cell carcinoma of bladder after hepatocyte cell adhesion molecule(hepaCAM) overexpression.

METHODSAffymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array was used to investigate the changes of gene expression profile between adenovirus-green fluorescent protein(GFP) -hepaCAM group and GFP group in transitional cell carcinoma of bladder EJ cells.Significant Analysis of Microarray(SAM) was used to screen the differentially expressed genes, DAVID software was used to conduct gene ontology analysis and wikiPathway analysis based on the differentially expressed genes. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot were applied to verify microarray data.

RESULTSCompared with the GFP group, a total of 2469 genes were up-regulated or down-regulated by more than 2 times in the GFP-hepaCAM group. Among these genes, 1602 genes were up-regulated and 867 were down-regulated.Most of the differentially expressed genes were involved in the function of cell proliferation and cell cycle regulation. The mRNA expressions of nibrin, liver kinase B1, and cyclin D1 detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in three different bladder cancer cell lines were consistent with the microarray data.The protein expressions of nibrin and liver kinase B1 in these three cell lines measured by Western blot were consistent with the mRNA expression.

CONCLUSIONSHepaCAM can alter the gene expression profile of bladder cancer EJ cells. The well-known anti-tumor effect of hepaCAM may be mediated by regulating the gene expression via multiple pathways.

Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; genetics ; pathology ; Cell Cycle Proteins ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cyclin D1 ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genes, Tumor Suppressor ; physiology ; Humans ; Nuclear Proteins ; metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; metabolism ; Proteins ; genetics ; physiology ; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology

BACKGROUND: Chinese citizens have a high approbation to organ donation, but few take action. Besides the restriction of policies and regulations, there are still many hidden factors, among which the cultural elements should never be neglected. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the cultural and psychological factor affecting the willingness of donors under Chinese cultural background through the phenomenological study on the organ donation simulation in college students, and to explore the strategies for promoting organ donation. METHODS: Totally 50 junior students majored in applied psychology were selected from one university in Guangdong Province, including 19 males and 31 females, and an in-depth interview was performed in 8 students (2 males and 6 females). The participants were interviewed using qualitative research methods and phenomenological approaches after simulating the dilemma of organ donation, to explore the cultural and psychological factors that affect the willingness of college students to donate their organs. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The donation situation will affect the willingness to donate, among which, cognition, sentiment and emotional connections are the psychological factors, and death, loss, taboo, meaning and respect are the cultural factors. Cultural psychological factors contributing to the willingness of organ donation included maximum the organ value, positive mentality, pleasure to help others and life extension. The cultural and psychological factors that bad for the willingness to donate include fear of death, traditional thinking, and uncertainty. To encourage donation, it is necessary to conduct death education, cultural guidance, and strengthen social support, as well as respect the opinions of important families and improve the relevant regulations as quickly as possible.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) morbidity of women from different occupations in Shenzhen city.

METHODS2045 women of five kinds of occupation in Shenzhen city, including 130 teachers, 385 workers, 316 service women, 199 poverish women, 420 doctors or nurses and 595 general residents were included. We screened these women by methods of detecting high risk HPV of hc2 combing with LCT. Women with screening positive results were diagnosed CIN by colposcopic biopsy.

RESULTS(1) High risk factors on HPV infection rate in different occupations were different with the highest in service occupation (19.3%) while the lowest appeared in medical workers (11.9%). (2) In those 2045 women, we found 199 cervical lesions including pathological HPV infection, CIN1, 2, 3 and cervical cancers, with morbidity rates as 4.11%, 3.28%, 1.67%, 0.54% and 0.15% respectively. Along with the progress of the cervical lesions, the morbidity decreased. (3) The morbidity rates of CIN in different occupations were different, with the highest of HSIL in service occupation and the lowest in teachers.

CONCLUSIONWomen of different occupations in Shenzhen city had different high risk HPV infection rates and CIN morbidity. The HPV infection rate and HSIL morbidity were highest among women having service related jobs.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; epidemiology ; virology ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Health Personnel ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Morbidity ; Occupations ; Papillomavirus Infections ; epidemiology ; virology ; Population Surveillance ; Risk Factors ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore the epidemic characteristics of bacterial dysentery in Jinan municipality, and to provide scientific basis for effective strategy for bacterial dysentery control.

METHODSThe epidemiological characteristics of bacillary dysentery in Jinan from 1951 to 2005 were analyzed. A total of 485,333 cases in the span of 50 years were recorded, while the population-based case distribution was less than the total cases due to the data incompleteness during the Cultural Revolution.

RESULTSThe incidence of bacillary dysentery in Jinan has been decreasing by years with average incidence rate of 283.10/100,000. The significant differences were observed among the incidence rates of various ages(chi2 = 14.99, P < 0.05). There were four epidemic peaks, and all the incidence rates were about 1000/100,000. Age of onset mainly concentrated in the 0-4 years old, 20-years old and 30-years old. In terms of occupational distribution, workers accounted for 30.31%, the living-scattered children accounted for 22.71%, and the farmers accounted for 17.90%. The incidence focus was from July to September, which accounted for 71.57%. The peak of incidence emerged in August. The highest incidence in urban was 550.94/100,000.

CONCLUSIONThrough the efforts of several generations of health workers, the incidence of bacillary dysentery in Jinan has been basically brought under control. Further step should be taken for the control of bacterial dysentery in urban areas and the management of bacterial dysentery in rural areas. Moreover, the biological characteristics of F2a should be a focus for the future study.

China ; epidemiology ; Dysentery, Bacillary ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Shigella dysenteriae ; Shigella flexneri ; Shigella sonnei

Structure of natural product-ursolic acid was modified for increasing its antitumor activity. Ursolic acid was acylated, esterified, hydrolized or oxidized to obtain target pentacyclic triterpenoid compounds with different substitutes. Sixteen derivatives of ursolic acid were designed and synthesized including eleven new compounds. Anti-tumor activities of ursolic acid and these derivatives against HeLa, SKOV3 and BGC-823 cells in vitro were investigated by MTT assay. The results indicated that compounds 7a and 8a were found to have stronger cell growth inhibitory than ursolic acid on HeLa cells and SKOV3 cells separately, and are worth to be intensively studied further.
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Triterpenes ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology