Objective To compare the efficacy of alfentanil and remifentanil in minimizing the propofol injection pain. Methods A total of 175 adult female patients undergoing gynecological procedures with general anesthesia were randomly divided into four groups.Patients received alfentanil 1mg(2 mL,AL group,n=43),remifentanil 0.01 mg(2 mL,REM1 group,n=43),remifentanil 0.02 mg(2 mL,REM2 group,n=45) or normal saline(2 mL,control group,n=44) 30 seconds prior to propofol administration.Visual analogue scale(VAS) was employed to evaluate the subjective feelings of pain due to propofol injection,and adverse effects were recorded. Results One patient in REM2 group and one patient in control group were excluded due to difficulty in venous catheterization.The injection pain in AL group,REM1 group and REM2 group was significantly less severe than that in control group(P

Objectives Research into effect on PBL model in prosthodontics education.Methods The PBL model was performed in education of a part of prosthodontics,and education effect was evaluated by table analysis.Results PBL model is proved to be better than the multimedia education model in the training of students'self-study ability,learning initiative,problem-analyzing and problem-solving competence,and the team spirit etc.Conclution Comparaed with the multimedia education model,PBL model is of significance in some respects.

Hippo signaling pathway plays an important role in the regulation of organ growth,tissue regeneration,tumor occurrence and development.Transcriptional co-activator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ)is the downstream transcription factor of Hippo signaling,participates in the regulation of the entire signaling path-way.In recent years,many studies have found that over-expression of TAZ has a close relationship with the oc-currence,development and prognosis of breast cancer.Discussing the relationship of Hippo-TAZ with breast cancer and breast cancer stem cells may provide a new way for breast cancer diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To explore the pathologic changes in the brain areas corresponding to specific cognitive function and underlying mechanism of cognitive impairment in patients with epilepsy by DTI study.Methods Forty-four Patients and 20 control subjects received the test of Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale and the Diffusion-Tensor Imaging examination.Mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) in the normal appearing white matter of interested area were measured.T test was employed to compare the MD and FA between patients and healthy controls,patients with normal and impaired FIQ respectively.The relationships between FIQ and DTI value were analyzed by Bivariate correlations.Results VIQ (100.52?17.63),PIQ (95.10?16.72) and FIQ (98.19?17.76) of the patients with epilepsy were significantly lower than those of health controls (VIQ,PIQ and FIQ were 109.77?13.54,108.11? 12.17 and 109.81?10.57,respectively).Significant reduction of FA in both side of posterior limb of internal capsule (P

Adult ; Foot Diseases ; diagnostic imaging ; Humans ; Male ; Melorheostosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Radiography ; X-Rays

Objective To explore the feasibility of evaluating the lung function by MSCT in emphysema.Methods The MSCT scan and pulmonary function tests(PFF)were respectively performed in 147 receptors within one week.They were randomly divided into 2 groups:group A(120 receptors), including normal,mild,moderate and severe abnormal pulmonary function based on the PFT,for comparing the correlation between pulmonary quantitative indexes of MSCT pulmonary function and PFT and settingup the primary grade criteria of abnormal pulmonary function in emphysema,group B(27 receptors)for evaluating the diagnostic accuracy in group A.The total lung was respectively scanned at the full inspiration and full expiration with MSCT.The pulmonary quantitative indexes of MSCT were measured with Siemens Pulmo pulmonary quantitative software.Results There was correlation between pulmonary quantitative indexes of MSCT and PFF.The Piex/in_(-910)showed best correlation with FEV_1%(r=-0.905,P

OBJECTIVETo construct a full-genome hepatitis C virus (HCV) replicon that will allow for direct initiation of replication and generation of infectious viral particles in an in vitro and in vivo cell system.

METHODSSelf-cleaving ribozyme sequences were added to each side of the HCV cDNA clone JFH1 and the replication-deficient clone JFH1/GND, then inserted into the pcDNA3.1 vector downstream of the CMV promoter. The resultant recombinant plasmids, pcDNA3.1-RZ-JFH1 and pcDNA3.1-RZ-JFH1/GND, were tested for activity in vitro and in vivo by transiently transfecting into Huh7.5 cells (5 mug/100 mm culture dish) and injecting by high-pressure tail vein injection into Kunming mice (10 - 30 mug/mouse). Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and serological testing were performed to determine the replication ability and assess the properties of the recombinant plasmids in the two systems.

RESULTSHCV RNA (1 - 3 * 10(6) copies/ml) was detected in the supernatant of transfected Huh7.5 cells up to 16 weeks after transfection. In addition, the viral particles from the supernatant were able to infect nave Huh7.5 cells. However, only transient viremia was achieved upon tail vein injection of the plasmid, and no HCV antigen-positive cells were detected by immunohistochemistry nor HCV-specific antibodies by serological testing.

CONCLUSIONThe constructed HCV replicon was capable of stable expression in cultured cells and of efficiently generating infectious viral particles in the in vitro system over a long period. However, the HCV replicon did not show infective characteristics in an in vivo mouse system. The full-length HCV replicon may represent a useful tool for in vitro study of HCV pathological mechanisms, possibly including anti-HCV drug screening.

Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Genetic Vectors ; Genome, Viral ; Hepacivirus ; genetics ; physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; RNA, Catalytic ; genetics ; Recombination, Genetic ; Replicon ; Virus Replication ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate the methylation of p16(INK4a) and RB gene, and the expression of p16(INK4a) in meningiomas.

METHODSMethylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) was used to detect the methylation of p16(INK4a) and RB in 50 cases of meningiomas, and immunostaining was performed to analyze the protein expression of p16(INK4a) in 25 of those cases.

RESULTSNo methylation was found in the benign meningiomas, whereas methylation of p16(INK4a)or RB occurred in 6(37.5%) cases of grade II tumors and 4(28.6%) cases of grade III tumors, and among these cases, an atypical meningioma showed methylation of both genes. Thirteen cases showed p16(INK4a) positive expression, but none of them was methylated.

CONCLUSIONThe methylation of p16(INK4a) or RB is related with the tumorigenesis and progression of atypical and anaplastic meningiomas, and a probable mechanism is that methylation causes the loss of expression and leads to dysfuncation of the p16(INK4a)/cyclin D1/CDK4/RB pathway.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cyclin D1 ; genetics ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinases ; genetics ; DNA Methylation ; Female ; Genes, Retinoblastoma ; Genes, p16 ; Humans ; Male ; Meningeal Neoplasms ; genetics ; Meningioma ; genetics ; Middle Aged ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects and mechanisms of multi-glycoside of Tripterygium wilfordii (GTW) on improving glomerular inflammatory lesion in rats with diabetic nephropathy (DN).

METHODDN model was induced by unilateral nephrectomy and intraperitoneal injection of STZ (35 mg x kg(-1)) twice. The rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, the sham-operated group (Sham group, n = 5), the vehicle-given group (Vehicle group, n = 5 ) and GTW-treated group (GTW group, n = 5). After the model was successfully established, the rats in GTW group were daily oral administrated with GTW suspension (50 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)), meanwhile, the rats in Vehicle group were daily oral administrated with distilled water (2 mL) for 8 weeks. From the beginning of the administration, all rats were killed 8 weeks later. Blood and renal tissues were collected,and then UAlb, renal function, glomerular morphology characteristics and glomerular macrophages (ED1 + cells) infiltration, as well as the protein expressions of inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α and interleukin(IL)-lβ, and the key molecules in p38MAPK signaling pathway including p38 mitogenactivated protein kinase (MAPK), phosphorylated p38 (p-p38MAPK) and transforming growth factor(TGF)-β1 were investigated respectively.

RESULTGTW not only ameliorated the general state of health and body weight,but also attenuated UAlb, glomerulosclerosis, the infiltration of glomerular ED1 + cells and the protein expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β, p-p38MAPK and TGF-β1 in the kidney in DN model rats.

CONCLUSIONBy means of DN model rats, we demonstrated that GTW has the protective effect on renal inflammatory damage in vivo via inhibiting inflammatory cells infiltration and inflammatory cytokines expression. Furthermore, GTW could improve renal inflammatory lesion through down-regulating the expressions of the key signaling molecules in p38MAPK pathway such as p-p38MAPK and TGF-β1 ,and inhibiting the activation of p38MAPK signaling in the kidney.

Animals ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; drug therapy ; Disease Models, Animal ; Glomerulonephritis ; drug therapy ; Glycosides ; pharmacology ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; drug effects ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; analysis ; Tripterygium ; chemistry ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; physiology

To investigate the inhibitory effect of acetoacetate extract from Celastrus orbiculatus Thumb (COT) on the growth of red fluorescent protein (RFP)-xenografted human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a nude mouse model. Human HCC HepG2 cells were transduced with RFP and inoculated into the liver of BALB/c nude mice. The tumor-bearing mice were randomly divided into five groups: control group (G1), oxaliplatin positive control group (G2; 25 mg/kg), COT low-dose group (G3; 20 mg/kg), COT high-dose group (G4; 40 mg/kg), and COT early treatment group (G5; 20 mg/kg). The early treatment group received oral COT from day 2 post-tumor implantation. All other mice were treated from day 20 post-tumor implantation. Growth of xenografted tumors was monitored weekly by in vivo real-time fluorescence imaging technology. At the end of the four-week treatment period, all mice were sacrificed and tumor tissues were collected and weighed. The two-sided t-test was used to evaluate intergroup differences in tumor volumes, final tumor weights, and final body weights. Mice treated with COT had significantly smaller xenografted tumors. On day 45 post-implantation, the mean tumor volumes (mm3) in the different groups were: G1, 803.1+/-512.3 ; G2, 83.8+/-23.5; G3, 852.7+/-502.6; G4, 410.0+/-231.6; and G5, 120.5+/-60.1. The mean tumor weights (g) were: G1, 0.95+/-0.49; G2, 0.36+/-0.09; G3, 0.67+/-0.29; G4, 0.48+/-0.15; and G5, 0.38+/-0.11. The differences in tumor weights from G2, G4 and G5 were significantly less than the weight in G1 (P less than 0.05); however, there was no significant differences between the tumor weights in G2, G4 and G5 (P more than 0.05). The tumor weight from the G2 group was significantly less than that of the G3 group (P less than 0.05). COT significantly inhibited the proliferation of human HCC in a nude mouse model. Early treatment with COT produced a more robust inhibitory effect, which was very similar to that achieved with oxaliplatin treatment.
Acetoacetates ; Animals ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; pathology ; Celastrus ; Female ; Hep G2 Cells ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Organoplatinum Compounds ; pharmacology ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays