Objective To study the consistency in the diagnosis of preoperative TNM rectal cancer staging using high resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) combined with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and postoperative pathological TNM.Methods 156 cases pathologically proven were retrospectively analyzed and divided into 4 groups including preoperative MRI group (39 cases),TRUS group (39 cases),MRI and TRUS group (39 cases),MRI and TRUS combined with CEA group (39 cases).The differences between preoperative T,N staging and postoperative pathologic T,N staging were analyzed.Results There were statistically significant differences in the diagnosis of preoperative T and postoperative pathological T in 4 groups (T: Kappa =0.685,P =0.000; N: Kappa =0.544,P =0.000),but there were no significant differences in preoperative N and postoperative pathological N staging in preoperative MRI group,TRUS group,MRI and TRUS group (Kappa =0.142,P =0.329; Kappa =0.154,P =0.645; Kappa =0.154,P=0.229),and significant difference was observed in MRI and TRUS combined with CEA group (Kappa =0.544,P =0.000).There were no significant differences in the accuracy of T staging among the 4 groups (x2 =0.326,P =0.574; x2 =0.562,P =0.719; x2 =0.287,P =0.986),but significant difference in the accuracy of N staging were showed among the 4 groups (x2 =4.643,P =0.026; x2 =6.643,P =0.026; x2 =5.243,P =0.019).Conclusion Preoperative evaluation by the MRI add TRUS combined with CEA can improve the accuracy of preoperative staging,which can provide more reliable basis for decision-making and improve the coincidence rate of operative procedures in line with the estimate.It also provides the basis fur the accurate preoperative diagnosis and individualized treatment.

Objective To observe the effect of edaravone (EDA) on the expressions of malondialdehyde (MDA), phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK), nuclear factor kappa-B cells (NF-κB) and Collagen-III in rat model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), and discuss the protective effect of EDA on renal-interstitial fibrosis. Methods Fifty-four male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups (18 each): sham group (normal control), UUO group and EDA group. Rats in UUO group and EDA group received UUO operation. One day before UUO operation, rats in EDA group received intraperitoneal injection of 3.75mg/(kg·d) EDA, and those in sham group and UUO group were injected with equivalent normal saline. Rats were sacrificed in three batches at the 3rd, 7th and 14th day after operation, six from each group in each batch. The renal pathological changes were observed via HE staining and Masson staining. The contents of MDA in renal tissues were determined by spectrophotometry, and the expression levels of p-ERK1/2, NF-κB and collagen-III were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results HE and Masson staining showed no significant changes of MDA content, renal tubules and interstitium in sham group at 3rd, 7th and 14th day, but obvious changes of interstitium and increased fibre deposition in UUO group and EDA group compared with sham group. Compared with UUO group, the lesions of renal tubular and interstitium significantly reduced and the interstitial fibrosis deposition decreased in EDA group. Spectrophotometry indicated that the MDA contents showed no significant difference between EDA group and UUO group [(9.261±0.496)nmol/mg prot and (10.143±0.301)nmol/mg prot] on the 3rd day after operation, but was higher than in sham group [(6.918±1.120)nmol/mg prot]. The MDA contents at the 7th and 14th day after surgery in EDA group [(11.545±0.620)nmol/mg prot and (15.203±0.512)nmol/mg prot] were significantly lower than in UUO group [(13.405±0.612)nmol/mg prot and (18.133±1.684)nmol/mg prot]. Immunohistochemistry analysis showed that no significant difference existed in the expressions of p-ERK1/2, NF-κB and Collagen III at the 3 time points in sham group; At the 3rd day after surgery, the expressions of p-ERK1/2, NF-κB and Collagen III were higher in EDA group (19 055.7±1866.1, 11 217.0±989.9 and 9724.1±341.9) than in sham group (14 100.3±1822.7, 7975.1±2058.5 and 6890.0±2389.9, P<0.05), but no significant difference compared with that in UUO group (23 466.0±1008.6, 13 563.9±987.6 and 11 058.6±590.3, P>0.05). At the 7th and 14th day after surgery, the expression level of p-ERK1/2 was significantly lower in EDA group (26 228.0±523.0 and 30 647.1±583.8) than in UUO group (28 254.9±886.6 and 33 240.3±1330.4); the expression level of NF-κB was obviously lower in EDA group (16 374.4±1045.3 and 21 111.2±1022.5) than in UUO group (18 799.4±357.0 and 27 125.2±2873.3); the expression level of Collagen-III was markedly lower in EDA group (12 470.9±506.1 and 19 615.8±1120.1) than in UUO group (15 049.9±1372.3 and 22 868.9±1889.2), all the differences were of statistical significance (P<0.05). Conclusion Oxidative stress and the signaling pathway of p-ERK1/2 and NF-κB may play a role in the progress of renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF) in UUO rat model, and EDA may have an antifibrosis effect by down-regulating the levels of oxidative stress in kidney tissue and inhibiting the signaling pathway of p-ERK1/2 and NF-κB.

Objective To study the effects of a rotating magnetic field(RMF)on Li pilocarpine-in- duced seizure activity and the expression of mGluR1 and mGluR5 in the hippocampus.Methods Thirty rats were divided into 5 groups.Each rat in the model(M),short treatment(ST)and long treatment(LT)groups was treated with intra-peritoneal injections of lithium chloride(60 mg/kg),followed by an intra-peritoneal injec- tion of pilocarpine(35 mg/kg)24 h later.The rats in the ST group were exposed to 20 mT RMF for 20 min ev- ery day for 3 d before seizure induction,while the rats in LT group were exposed to the same RMF for 8 d.The latency,severity and duration of seizure,as well as accompanying symptoms and electroencephalogram data, were recorded,and the expression of mGluR1 and mGluR5 was calculated using an electrophoretic imaging anal- ysis system.Results The duration,times and accompanying symptoms of seizure were significantly decreased in the LT group.The mGluR1 mRNA level and mGluR1/mGluR5 ratio in the M group were markedly increased, but the mGluR5 mRNA level was obviously decreased,while the expression of mGluR1 in the ST and LT groups was decreased,and mGluR5 was increased.Conclusions Seizure activity in rats can be inhibited by 20 mT RMF,and the expression of mGluRl and mGluR5 in the hippocampus of rats suffering seizures can be markedly influenced by longer-term RMF.

In view of the effective traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the treatment of clinical depression, the mechanism is not clear, this study attempts to research the cause of depression in a complex situation to lay the foundation for the next step of TCM curative effect evaluation. Based on the brain wave of 120 depression patients and 40 ordinary person, the change regulation of acetylcholine, dopamine, norepinephrine, depression neurotransmitters and excited neurotransmitters in the whole and various encephalic regions' multi-neurotransmitters of depression patients-serotonin are analysed by search of encephalo-telex (SET) system, which lays the foundation for the diagnosis of depression. The result showed that: contrased with the normal person group, the mean value of the six neurotransmitters in depression patients group are: (1) in the whole encephalic region of depression patients group the dopamine fall (P < 0.05), and in the double centralregions, right temporal region and right parietal region distinct fall (P < 0.01); (2) in the right temporal region of depression patients group the serotonin rise (P < 0.05); (3) in the right central region, left parietal region of depression patients group the acetylcholine fall (P < 0.05), left rear temporal region fall obviously (P < 0.01). The correlation research between antagonizing pairs of neurotransmitters and neurotransmitters: (1) the three antagonizing pairs of neurotransmitters-serotonin and dopamine, acetylcholine and norepinephrine, depression neurotransmitters and excited neurotransmitters, in ordinary person group and depression patients group are characterizeed by middle or strong negative correlation. Serotonin and dopamine, which are characterized by weak negative correlation in the right rear temporal region of ordinary person group, are characterized by strong negative correlation in the other encephalic regions and the whole encephalic (ordinary person group except the right rear temporal region: the range of [r] is [0.82, 0.92], P < 0.01)/(depression patients group:the range of [r] is [0.88, 0.94], P < 0.01); acetylcholine and norepinephrine, in the whole and various encephalic region are characterized by middle negative correlation(ordinary person group:the range of [r] is [0.39, 0.76], P < 0.01 or P < 0.05)/(depression patients group: the range of [Ir] is [0.56, 0.64], P < 0.01); depression neurotransmitters and excited neurotransmitters are characterized by middle strong negative correlation (ordinary person group: the range of [r] is [0.57, 0.80], P < 0.01)/(depression patients group: the range of [r] is [0.68, 0.78], P < 0.01). (2) The two neurotransmitters which are not antagonizing pairs of neurotransmitters, serotonin and excited neurotransmitters, or acetylcholine and depression neurotra-nsmitters, or dopamine and depression neurotransmitters in the various encephalic regions are characterized by weak negative correlation. Serotonin and excited neurotransmitters are characterizeed by weak negative correlation (ordinary person group: in the right central region, left parietal region, double front temporal regions, right rear temporal region, the range of [r] is [0.25, 0.50], P < 0.01 or P < 0.05)/(depression patients group: in the whole encephalic regions, double parietal regions, double occipital regions, right front temporal region, left central region, left frontal region, the range of [r] is [0.18, 0.37], P < 0.01 or P < 0.05); acetylcholine and depression, neurotransmitters are characterized by weak negative correlation (ordinary person group: in the double frontal regions, left parietal region, left front temporal region, right rear temporal region, the range of [r] is [0.31, 0.46], P < 0.01 or P < 0.05)/(depression patients group: in double rear temporal regions, right front temporal region, double occipital regions, left central region, the range of [r] is [0.20, 0.32] , P < 0.01 or P < 0.05); do-pamine and depression neurotransmitters are characterized by weak middle negative correlation (ordinary person group: in left parietal region, right central region, left frontal region, left occipital region, double front temporal regions, the range of [r] is [0.33, 0.68], P < 0.01 or P < 0.05)/(depression patients group: in the whole region and other various regions except the left frontal region, right central region, the range of Irl is [0.21, 0.34], P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). Dopamine and acetylcholine or norepinephrine and serotonin are characterized by weak positive correlation in all encephalic regions. Dopamine and acetylcholine are characterized by weak positive correlation (ordinary person group: in left frontal region, right parietal region, left front temporal region and left rear temporal region, the range of [r] is [0.37, 0.46], P < 0.01)/(depression patients group: in the whole region and the orther various regions except the double central regions, the range of [r] is [0.23, 0.5], P < 0.01 or P < 0.05); norepinephrine and serotonin are characterized by weak positive correlation (ordinary person group: in double front temporal regions, double rear temporal regions, right frontal region and left parietal region, the range of [r] is [0.34, 0.48], P < 0.01 or P < 0.05)/(depression patients group: in the whole and various regions, the range of [r] is [0.18, 0.42], P < 0.01). The main differences between the depression patients group and ordinary person group are: (1) In the whole regin, left frontal region and right central region of depression patients group, the six neurotransmitters all fall normally (P < 0.05). (2) The percent of dopamine falling or including dopamine falling, or including dopamine falling and serotonin rising in depression patients group increases. The percent of dopamine falling or including dopamine falling in the whole region, right frontal region, right central region increases (P < 0.01), such as dopamine decreasing, serotonin increasing dopamine decreasing, serotonin increasing acetylcholine decreasing dopamine decreasing, dopamine decreasing norepinephrine increasing depression neurotransmitters decreasing, serotonin increasing acetylcholine decreasing dopamine decreasing neurotransmitters increasing and so on. (3) The percent of acetylcholine falling, or including acetylcholine falling, or including acetylcholine falling and neurotransmitters (beta)-receptor)rising in depression patients group increases. The percent of acetylcholine falling, or including acetylcholine falling in the right temporal region, double central regions increases (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), such as acetylcholine decreasing, acetylcholine decreasing neurotransmitters increaseng, acetylcholine decreasing neurotransmitters increasing depression neurotransmitters decreasing, serotonin increasing acetylcholine decreasing dopamine decreasing neurotransmitters increasing and so on. It's showed in research that depression patients' brain are characterized by multi-neurotransmitters abnormal, the synchronous change of multi-neurotransmitters has some certain regularities, which are not the simple linear relation. It's conformed that the three antagonizing pairs, neurotransmitters-serotonin and dopamine, acetylcholine and norepinephrine, depression eurotransmitters and excited neurotransmitters of ordinary person group and depression patients group, are both characterized by strong antagonizing relation, that the two neurotransmitters which are not antagonizing pairs of neurotransmitters are characterized by weak positive correlation or negative correlation, prompt maybe has the indirect causal relationship. And the change of six neurotransmitters in depression patients' various encephalic regions is rather complex. It's conformed preliminarily that the right frontal region and right central region are characterized by dopamine decreasing, acetylcholine decreasing, serotonin increasing dopamine decreasing, serotonin increasing acetylcholine decreasing dopamine decreasing, dopamine decreasing norepinephrine increasing excited neurotransmitters decreasing, serotonin increasing acetylcholine decreasing dopamine decreasing neurotransmitters increasing, acetylchoine decreasing neurotransmitters increasing, acetylcholine decreasing neurotransmitters increasing excited neurotransmitters decreasing and so on. Contrasted with the ordinary person group, the depression patients group have the notable difference.
Acetylcholine ; metabolism ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Brain ; metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Depression ; metabolism ; Dopamine ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; metabolism ; Norepinephrine ; metabolism ; Serotonin ; metabolism ; Young Adult

Adult ; Biopsy, Needle ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Kidney ; pathology ; Kidney Diseases ; pathology ; therapy ; Male ; Nephritis, Interstitial ; pathology ; Renal Dialysis ; Sarcoidosis ; pathology ; therapy ; Tuberculosis, Renal ; pathology

Objective Estimate type I and type II error probability (α,β)of sampling deduction,using sample size set in national basic public health services supervision.Methods Assuming a series of population indicator value of supervised area,αand βwas calculated based on binomial & hypergeometric distribution theory according to the sample size and indicator requirements set in supervision plan.Results When the population indicator value of supervised area was just equal to indicator requirements,probability of type I error was as follows,health record utilization rate(0.41 ),health record qualification rate(0.26),children systematic management rate(0.32),postpartum visit rate(0.32),the elderly health examination form completion rate (0.35 ),standard administration rate of patients with hypertension or diabetes (0.37),control rate of blood pressure of hypertension patients(0.34),control rate of blood glucose of diabetes patients (0.43),standard administration rate of severe mental illness patients(0.50).When the population indicator value of supervised area was 0.05 lower than indicator requirements,probability of type II error of those indicator was as follows, 0.41,0.54,0.53,0.53,0.51,0.50,0.57,0.47,0.38.Conclusion Current sample sizes of all indicators result in weak sensitivity of unqualified area detection.In order to avoid mistake,the sample size should be improved.

Objective To explore regional variations of basic public health services implementation in Zhejiang Province at prefectural,county and township level,respectively.To find key problems which obstacle the equalization of basic public health services in Zhejiang Province.Methods Descriptive analysis was made on surveillance data of basic public health services in Zhejiang Province,2014.Gini coefficient of key indicators was calculated at prefectural,county and township level,respectively.To the key indicator with higher Gini coefficient,Lorenz curve was plotted and Gini coefficient of each prefectural-level city was calculated.Results An increasing tendency from prefectural to township level was showed in Gini coefficient of all twenty-five analyzed indicators.The Gini coefficient at township level was 0.497 for the average financial fund per migrant person,and the highest prefectural -level cities were Taizhou (0.709 ),Lishui (0.838 ), Quzhou(0.918).The Gini coefficient at township level of other indicators were 0.314 and 0.235 for the children and elderly health management of traditional Chinese medicine,and lower than 0.05 for maternal &children health care, immunization,and coverage rate of electronic health record,and between 0.066 to 0.179 for health management of chronic disease and severe mental illness patients.Conclusion Average financial fund per migrant person and health management of traditional Chinese medicine are current major problems which obstacle the equalization of basic public health services in Zhejiang Province.

Objective To learn the prevalence of chronic diseases and risk factors control among the elderly of community health management in Zhejiang Province.Methods The elderly residents over 60 years of urban areas in Zhejiang Province were investigated through multi-stage stratified sampling,and key health examination information in year 2015 of respondents was collected.The prevalence of chronic diseases and risk factors control were analyzed among the respondents who had accepted community elderly health management.Results Among 1 215 elderly who accepted community health management,self-reported prevalence rate of common chronic diseases was 84.36％,with hypertension 60.66％,cataract 21.32％ and diabetes 20.58％.The control rates of hypertension and diabetes were 64.04％ and 60.00％,respectively.The proportions of light weight,normal weight,overweight and obesity were 3.51％,50.04％,35.51％ and 10.94％ respectively.The prevalence rate of central obesity was 54.75％,female (59.00％) higher than male (48.47％) (P ＜ 0.001).The proportions of normal,borderline high and abnormal total cholesterol (TC) were 66.75 ％,23.95％ and 9.30％ respectively.The proportions of normal,borderline high and abnormal triglyceride (TG) were 65.73％,17.05％ and 17.22％ respectively.The proportions of normal TC and TG were both lower in female (both 61.94％) than those in male (TC:74.07％、TG:71.52％) (P ＜ 0.05).The prevalence rates of hypertension (OR =1.41,95％ CI:1.11-1.79),cataract (OR =2.19,95％ CI:1.65-2.91),coronary heart disease (OR =1.59,95％ CI:1.14-2.21)and cerehmvascular disease (OR =2.06,95 ％ CI:1.29-3.30)were significantly increased in the 75 years group than that in the 60-74 years group.The prevalence of cerehrovascular disease in elderly men in the age group of 60 -74 (OR =1.73,95％ CI:1.09-2.75) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR =2.41,95％ CI:1.04-5.59) were higher than that in female,while the prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis (OR =0.54,95％CI:0.35-0.84)were lower than that in male.Conclusion Among the elderly who accepted community health management,the prevalence rate of chronic diseases is similar with the general elderly population in Zhejiang Province.Female central obesity and blood lipids control should be strengthened in the community.

AIMTo observe the expression of Leptin receptors (OB-R) in male rat anterior pituitary, and study the influence of Leptin on the level of intracellular free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) in the cultured growth hormone (GH) cell of male rat pituitary.

METHODSRT-PCR method was used to observe the expression of Leptin receptors (OB-R) in male rat anterior pituitary. We used grade centrifuging method to get growth hormone (GH) cell, and [Ca2+]i in GH cell was examined by laser scanning confocal system.

RESULTSOB-R mRNA were expressed in male rat anterior pituitary, including OB-R (common form), OB-Ra (short form) and OB-Rb (long form). There were about 70% or 80% GH cell by grade centrifuging. Leptin at 10(-8)mol/L could decrease the level intracellular free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) in cultured GH cell.

CONCLUSIONThere are three subtypes of Leptin receptors expressions in male rat anterior pituitary, and Leptin could reduce intracellular free Ca2+ level of GH cell markedly.

Animals ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Growth Hormone ; metabolism ; Male ; Pituitary Gland ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Cell Surface ; metabolism ; Receptors, Leptin ; metabolism

In order to investigate the effect of leptin on the secretion of rat pituitary adenoma GH3 cell and its mechanisms, we observed the effect of leptin on the growth hormone secretion, proliferation and apoptosis of GH3 cells. The results indicated that leptin at 1, 10, and 100 nmol/L could inhibit the basal growth hormone secretion of GH3 cells in a dose dependent manner (P<0.05). Short-term treatment of leptin (10 nmol/L) for 30 min, 1 and 3 h did not affect basal GH secretion. However, treatment of the GH3 cells with leptin (10 nmol/L) for 1 d or longer resulted in an inhibition of GH secretion (P<0.05). We used MTT method and flow cytometery (FCM) to study the effect of leptin on the proliferation and apoptosis of GH3 cells. We found that leptin inhibited proliferation of GH3 cells with a dose-dependent manner. And leptin reduced the proportion of cells in S phase, increased the proportion of cells in G1, and increased the proportion of GH3 cells in 2 and 4 phase. These results demonstrate that leptin inhibits the basal GH secretion of GH3 cells, which may be due to the inhibition of DNA synthesis and advanced apoptosis of GH3 cells.
Adenoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; physiology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Growth Hormone ; secretion ; Leptin ; physiology ; Pituitary Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Rats