Endophytic fungi which reside in the tissue of mangrove plants seem to play an important role in the discovery of new biologically active substances. During the course of screening for the antimicrobial metabolites from the endophytic fugus Penicillium sp. FJ-1 of mangrove plant Avicennia marina, a new aurone glycoside (1) was isolated by repeated column chromatography on silica gel and recrystallization methods. The structure of 1 was elucidated as (Z)-7,4'-dimethoxy-6-hydroxy-aurone-4-O-β-glucopyranoside, on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. Compound 1 exhibited antifungal activity against Candida sp., with the potency comparable to amphotericin B and much better than fluconazole. Compound 1 can also inhibit extracellular phospholipase secretion in a concentration-dependent manner.
Antifungal Agents ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Benzofurans ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Candida ; drug effects ; Glycosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Molecular Structure ; Penicillium ; chemistry ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Seawater ; microbiology

BACKGROUND: Urinary incontinence can be divided into stress, urgent and mixed types, they can not be easily distinguished only basing on clinical experience, which often result in misdiagnose or improper treatment OBJECTIVE: To discuss the value of urodynamical inspection, especially stress leak point pressure (SLPP) determination in the diagnose of female stress urinary incontinence.DESIGN: Retrospective paralleled comparison observation.SETTING: Center of General Urology Department, Southern Hospital,Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA PARTICIPANTS: Totally 120 female patients who received medical treatment in the uropoiesis surgical department of the Southwest hospital due to urinary incontinence between January 1996 and May 2002 were enrolled in this experiment.gle was determined and considered as normal if it was ＜100° and abnormal if ＞ 100°. Urethral tilt angle is judged as normal if ＜ 45° and abnormal if ＞45°; Urethrovesical junction (when static state) was judged as normal if not tion: including fulling urinary bladder pressure measurement, static urethral Cystourethrography classification standard: type Ⅰ refers to posterior urethrovesical angle vanished with urethral tilt angle＜45° and the biggest urethra closure pressure＞20 cmH2O; type Ⅱ: refers to posterior urethrovesical angle vanished with urethral tilt angle＞45° and the biggest urethra closure pressure＜20 cmH2O; type Ⅲ refers to normal posterior urethrovesical angle with urethral tilt angle＜45° and the biggest urethra closure pressure ＞20 cmH2O. SLPP classification standard: typeⅠ: SLPP ＞120 cmH2O; type Ⅱ: SLPP of 90- 120 cmH2O; type Ⅲ: SLPP ＜ 60 cmH2O;type Ⅱ/Ⅲ: SLPP of 60 - 90 cmH2O.compared with that of cystourethrographic classification.RESETS: Totally120 patients all remained in the final result analysis.stress urinary incontinence, 64 cases as symptomatic stress urinary incontinence including 28 cases of unstable bladder and 36 cases of low compliclassification: of the 56 genuine stress urinary incontinence, 20 cases were diagnosed as type Ⅰ; 16 cases as type Ⅱ and 10 cases as type Ⅱ/Ⅲ; 10cases as type Ⅲ. Two classification was proved of 100% consistency in type Ⅰ and Ⅲ, and 94.1% and 90.1% in type Ⅱ and type Ⅱ/Ⅲ respectively, difference was not remarkable (P＞0.05).CONCLUSION: SLPP determination can be used to make accurate classification of female genuine stress urinary incontinence, possessing important instructive significance for the treatment.

Objective: To observe the effects of interferon-induced protein 204 (p204) over-expression on apoptosis, proliferation and migration of aortic vascular adventitial ifbroblast (VAFs) in experimental rats.
Methods: Our research included in 3 groups: Iif204-Lv group, in whichVAFs were infected by Iif204-recombined lentivirus, Con-Lv group, in which VAFs carried the empty vector without virus, Blank control group, in which VAFs were untreated. VAFs proliferation was examined by MTT method, cell apoptosis was measured by lfow cytometry and the migration was detected by scratching assay and transwell chamber method. The mRNA and protein expressions of p204, p53 and p21were evaluated by real-time q RT-PCR and Western blot analysis respectively.
Results: Compared with Con-Lv and Blank control groups, Iif204-Lv group had decreased VAFs proliferation (by OD value) at 48 hours: (0.53 ± 0.05) vs (0.66±0.03) and (0.63 ± 0.06), at 72 hours: (0.89 ± 0.06) vs (1.02 ± 0.06) and (1.01 ± 0.07); distance of cell migration (by pixel): (61.00 ± 1.83) vs (74.50 ± 6.25) and (75.50 ± 7.85); number of cell migration: (61.75 ± 10.69) vs (155.25 ± 10.21) and (153.75 ± 9.40), allP<0.05. VAFs apoptosis rates were similar among different groups. Compared with Con-Lv and Blank control groups, Ifi204-Lv group presented up-regulated mRNA expressions of p204 (3.45 ± 0.15) vs (2.09 ± 0.10) and (2.06 ± 0.09); p53 (3.41 ± 0.09) vs (2.06 ± 0.07) and (2.10 ± 0.06); p21 (3.01 ± 0.08) vs (2.05 ± 0.06) and (2.11 ± 0.08), allP<0.05.
Conclusion: p204 over-expression inhibits VAFs proliferation and migration which might be partly related to the activation of p53 and p21 expression in experimental rats.

Objective: To study the impact of interferon-inducible protein 16 (IFI16) inhibition on apoptosis of human aortic adventitial fibroblasts (HAAFs). Methods: Our research included 3 groups: ① IFI16-siRNA group, specific small interference RNAs (siRNAs) of IFI16 were transfected into HAAFs in vitro to make IFI16 gene silence, ②Con-siRNA group, non-specific siRNAs were transfected into HAAFs as negative control and ③Untreated HAAFs group, blank control. HAAFs cell cycle and apoptosis rate were examined by flow cytometry, IFI16 mRNA expression was measured by real time qRT-PCR, protein expressions of IFI16, p53, p21, Bax and Bcl-2 were detected by Western blot analysis. Results: Compared with Con-siRNA group and Untreated HAAFs group, IFI16-siRNA group showed decreased apoptosis rate of HAAFs (3.33±0.41) % vs (7.42±1.51) % and (6.49±1.10) %, P<0.05, reduced ratio of G0/G1 phase cells (56.64 ± 4.77 ) % vs (69.67±3.54) % and (68.29±4.14) %, P<0.05, while increased ratio of S phase cells (25.23±5.19)% vs (13.76±2.07) % and (14.04±3.00) %, P<0.05. Meanwhile, IFI16-siRNA group presented down-regulated IFI16 mRNA and protein expressions, decreased protein levels of p53, p21, Bax and increased protein level of Bcl-2, all P<0.05. Conclusion: Inhibited IFI16 expression could decrease HAAFs apoptosis, promote cell cycle transition from G1 to S phase which might be related to the suppression of p53/p21 signaling pathway and regulation of Bax/Bcl-2 expression.

?AlM: To compare clinical efficacy between Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation and trabeculectomy in patients with primary open angle glaucoma ( POAG) .
?METHODS: This retrospective study included 58 eyes from 45 patients with primary open angle glaucoma. And 32 eyes underwent penetrating trabeculectomy ( group A), while 26 eyes were performed Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation ( group B) . lntraocular pressure ( lOP) , best-corrected visual acuity ( BCVA ) , visual field and post-operative complications were observed between these two groups.
?RESULTS:(1) lOP:the lOP of post-operation in group A were (13. 56±4. 91), (14. 47±4. 03), (17. 56±5. 74), (18. 25±5. 49), (18. 13±4. 24), (19. 68±4. 55) mm Hg at 2d, 1, and 2wk, 1, 3 and 6mo respectively; and that were (13.58±4. 16), (16. 00±4. 83), (18. 00±5. 05), (19. 42±5. 41), (18. 42±3. 37), (20. 00±5. 37) mm Hg in group B. There was no statistically significant difference in lOP between the two groups ( P> 0. 05 ). ( 2 ) BCVA: the number of visual acuity decreased eyes, with 6mo follow-up, was 7 (22%) in group A; and that was 5 in group B (19%). There was no statistically significant difference in vision loss postoperatively between the two groups (χ2=0. 061, P>0. 05). (3) Visual field: with 6mo follow-up, there were 13 eyes ( 41%) which had constricted visual field in group A, while those were 10 eyes (38%) in group B; the difference of visual field loss between the two groups was not statistically significant (χ2 = 0. 028, P>0. 05 ) . ( 4 ) Complications: six-month follow-up after operation, there were 4 eyes with shallow anterior chamber, 4 eyes with complicated cataract and 1 eyes with Descemet’s membrane detachment in group A, while that was 1 eyes with shallow anterior chamber and 1 eyes with complicated cataract in group B; there was statistically significant difference in the rate of complications between the two groups (χ2 = 4. 144, P<0. 05 ) . ( 5 ) Surgical success rate: six month after operation, the completed success rate was 37% (12 eyes) in group A, and that was 35% (9 eyes) in group B. The partial success rate was 19% (6 eyes) and 15% (4 eyes) in group A and group B respectively. The difference of success rates between the two groups was not statistically significant (χ2=0. 225, P>0. 05).
? CONCLUSlON: Both Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation and trabeculectomy are effective methods for the treatment of POAG. The clinical efficacy was no difference between the two methods. However, compared with trabeculectomy, Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation was safer and had fewer complications.

Objective To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of early enteral nutrition (EEN) in elder patients undergoing gastrectomy for gastric carcinoma. Methods An outcome-based retrospective review of 52 patients who had undergone gastrectomy for gastric carcinoma between July 1999 and June 2002 was performed .There were 27 patients in the EEN group, and 25 in the TPN group. Results The mean postoperative hospital days of the EEN group was significantly less than that of the TPN group (16.3 d vs. 21.3 d, t =4.6814, P

Objective To investigate the expression level of tumor necrosis factor α( TNF-α) , heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in serum and to analyze the correlation of TNF-αand HSP70 with the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among Hui and Han nationalities in Ningxia .Methods Using the method of case-control study and according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria of case and control groups , 225 patients with T2DM who were treated by Department of Endocrinology and 600 healthy people during health checkups were enrolled in the study between October 2011 and October 2012 .A double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA) was used to determine the protein expres-sion levels of TNF-αand HSP70 in serum.Results The expression levels of TNF-αin the total population investigated and Hui population in T2DM group were significantly higher than in the control (t=-3.512,-3.791,all P<0.01).The difference in expression levels of TNF-αbetween the Han people of T 2DM group and control group , and that in the expression levels of HSP70 between the case group and control group were not statistically significant ( t =-0.565,-0.020,-1.251,-0.809,all P>0.05).The elevated serum levels of TNF-αincreased the risk for T2DM(OR=1.500, 95%CI:1.075-2.093,P=0.017).The expression levels of TNF-αin the total people, case and control of Hui people were significant lower than the homologous Han people (t=9.373,2.223,9.734, all P<0.01 or 0.05).Pearson analysis showed that the high expression of TNF-αwas positively correlated with blood glucose level (r=0.110,P=0.001),but there was no correlation between the high expression of HSP 70 and blood glucose level (r=0.023, P=0.504).The result of multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that gender and waist-to-hip ratio(WHR) were risk factors for high levels of TNF-α(P<0.01 or 0.05)while HSP70 and nationalities were protective factors.Systolic blood pressure(SBP) and WHR were risk factors for the high level of HSP70(all P<0.01), but TNF-αwas protective factors.HSP70, TNF-α, gender, family history, BMI, SBP, triglycerides(TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), alanine trans-aminase(ALT), and psychological stress were risk factors for T2DM, but high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was a protective fac-tor.Conclusion The high expression of TNF-αin serum is closely related to elevated fasting plasma glucose ( FPG) and T2DM onset.The expression level of TNF-αin serum in Hui people is lower than in Han people ,possibly correlated with ethnic heredity.The high expression of HSP70 in serum may induce T2DM onset.

Results There was no significant difference in the distribution of genotypes and allele frequencies of HSP 70-1 and HSP70-hom between case group and control group (P>0.05), but there was significant difference in the distribution of genotypes and allele frequencies of HSP70-2 between the two groups(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the distribution of genotypes and allele frequencies of HSP70-1,HSP70-2 and HSP70-hom between Hui and Han people (P>0.05)or in the distribution of genotypes of HSP 70-2 between males and females in case group, but there was significant difference in the distribution of allele frequencies of HSP 70-2 in case group .There was no significant difference in the distribution of genotypes and allele frequencies of HSP 70-1 and HSP70-hom between males and females in case or control group .Logistic analysis confirmed that the WC, TG, TC, LDL-C, SBP, family history of diabetes and G allele were risk factors of T 2DM. Conclusion GG genotype and G allele of HSP 70-2 (+1267 ) SNP may be genetic markers for the susceptibility of type 2 diabetes.There is no significant difference in the distribution of genotypes and allele frequencies of HSP 70-1,HSP70-2 and HSP70-hom between Hui and Han nationalities .Family history of diabetes, LDL-C, TC, and G allele of HSP70-2 (+1267) SNP are the main risk factors of T2DM while HDL-C is a protective factor.

Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) is a molecular genotyping method based on nucleotide sequencing. The procedure of this method characterizes isolates of bacterial species using the DNA sequencing of multiple housekeeping genes(usually seven). For each housekeeping gene, the different sequences present within a bacterial species are assigned as distinct alleles.For each isolate, the alleles at each of the loci define the allelic profile or sequence type (ST). MLST has the advantages of being robust (based on genetic data) and electronically portable to generate data that allow rapid and global comparisons between different laboratories. In this paper, the principle, method, data analysis, application, advantages and flaws of MLST are introduced.

Objective To summarize clinical experience of reconstructive operation with transpositional colon behind the sternum after corrosive esophageal burns and to explore the treatment for its complications.Methods Clinical data of 65 cases with esophageal scarred stricture after corrosive burns receiving reconstructive operation with transpositional colon behind the sternum were reviewed,56 of them by end-to-end anastomosis between transpositional anterograde peristaltic colon and esophagus,seven by end-to- end anastomosis between transpositional anterograde peristaltic colon and pharyngeal fundus,and two by end- to-end anastomosis between transpositional reversed peristaltic colon and esophagus,to summarize treatment experiences in pre-operation,operation and post-operation.Results Fifty-one of this group of patients recovered and discharged form the hospital smoothly,12 with cervical anastomotic leakage after operation including two cured by re-operation and ten cured by conservative treatment,and two with necrosis of transpositional colon including one died during operation and the other cured.Conclusions Corrosive burns of esophagus can be cured by leaving scarred stricture esophagus open without resection,and the effectiveness of reconstructive operation with transpositional colon behind the sternum is satisfactory with good pre-operative preparation,correct surgical operation,and correct post-operative treatment.