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Objective: To observe the immunohistochemical localization of enamelin in enamel formationand mineralization. Methods: Tissue sections of the first mandibular molar tooth germ from 1, 3, 7, 10, 14 days rats after birth were prepared, expression of the enamelin protein was identified by immunohistochemical technique. Results: Enamelin was found in the cytoplasm of ameloblasts in 1-10 days old rat postnatal first mandibular molar tooth germs. Enamelin appeared weakly in the tooth germs of 1 day rats. From 3 to 10 days, enamelin localized both in the cytoplasm of ameloblasts and the uncalcified enamel from the dentino-enamel junction to surfaces of the tooth. Enamelin protein was negative in the tooth germs of 14 days rats postnatally. Conclusion: Enamelin protein is synthesised and secreted by ameloblasts, specially localized in enamel from DEJ to surfaces of the tooth, suggesting that enamelin has important roles in enamel formation.

AIM: To study the changes in anterior chamber angle after phacoemulsification and foldable IOL implantation with ultrasound biomicroscopy.METHODS: Small-incision phacoemulsification and foldable IOL implantation were performed in 50 eyes of 46 senior patients, and the changes of anterior chamber angle were determined quantitatively by using ultrasound biomicroscopy before and one month after the surgery.RESULTS: In all patients, the angle was widened significantly one month after the surgery (P＜0.01). The measurements of TIA500 ( trabecular-iris angle at 500μm from the scleral spur) , AOD250 (angle-opening distance at 250μm from the scleral spur) and AOD500 (angle-opening distance at 500μm from the scleral spur) increased significantly after the operation ( P＜ 0.01). The mean post/pre-operative TIA500ratio, AOD250 ratio and AOD500 ratio were 1.65 (1.12-4.91),1.81 (1.06-2.67) and 1.65 (1.01-2.76), respectively. A significant negative correlation existed between preoperative and postoperative data.CONCLUSION: Small-incision cataract surgery deepens the anterior chamber and widens anterior chamber angle significantly in senior patients. The narrower the preoperative angle, the higher ratio of post/preoperative ratio found.

ObjectiveTo explore the prevalence state of children in coal-burning borne endemic fluorosis in Fuyuan county Qujing city,to know the implementation of preventing measures,and to provide a scientific basis for prevention of endemic fluorosis.MethodsIn 2009,105 families were sampled to check the service condition of defluoridation stove and the effect of health education (the awareness of use defluoridation stove reasons) in Xiaoyuwang,Tuoga and Shaliang villages,Fucun town of Fuyuan county.Food fluorine of indoor stored peppers and corns was monitored of 20 families in Xiaoyuwang village,5 household were randomly selected from east,west,south,north and middle places of the village.Air fluorine was monitored from indoor air samples of 5families,dental and urinary fluorine was monitored of the native-born children aged 8 to 12,and dental fluorosis of these children was checked.Clinical endemic fluorosis and X-ray endemic fluorosis was monitored of local adult residents over the age of 30 that had been lived in the area for more than 5 years.ResultsThe rate of correct use of the defluoridation stove was 100％,and adult awareness rate of use defluoridation stove reasons was 82.86％(87/105).Of the 19 pepper samples,fluorine content were 9.98 - 538.40 mg/kg and median was 32.38 mg/kg,all exceeded the standard(1.5 mg/kg).Of the 25 corn samples,fluorine content were 0.42 - 101.54 mg/kg and median was 6.32 mg/kg,with 18 samples exceeded the standard(1.0 mg/kg).Of the 6 air samples,fluorine content were 0.000 98 - 0.003 33 mg/kg and median was 0.001 45 mg/kg.Detection rate of dental fluorosis of children aged 8 - 12 was 42.3％,urinary fluorine content were 0.13 - 1.80 mg/L,geometric mean was 0.58 mg/L,4 adults were diagnosed clinical skeletal fluorosis,detection rate was 2.46％(4/162),5 adults were found by X-ray with endemic fluorosis,detection rate was 9.61％(5/52).ConclusionPeppers and cons fluorine pollution is serious,general public should be guided to change their lifestyles to minimize the fluorine pollution.

Objective:To investigate regulatory immune response induced by DNA vaccination encoding T cell receptor V?5.2 or V?2.1 chain predominantly displayed on ovalbumin (OVA)-specific T cell clone.Methods:BALB/C mice were vaccinated with pcDNA3.1 encoding T cell receptor (TCR) V?5.2 or V?2.1 chain respectively.Using RT-PCR,transcription of the recombined plasmids was analysed. Cell proliferation was measured by 3H-TdR incorporation.CTL response was assayed by JAM test.Immuno-fluorescent assay was used to examine the anti-TCR antibody level and the number V?2 +T cells.Results:RT-PCR analysis showed that the recombined plasmids can be transcripted in vivo and in vitro.DNA vaccine with TCR variable chain effectively induced TCR-specific humoral and cellular immune response,V?2 +T cells was not depleted by V?2.1 TCR-DNA vaccination,but rather was anergy.Conclusion:Regulatory immune response can be induced by DNA vaccination encoding TCR V? or V? region in normal mice.

Objective To investigate the cerebral regularity of dynamic charge and the correlation with intracranial pressure(ICP),clinical seriousness and prognosis on acute stage of intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH) patients by transcranial Doppler(TCD).Methods 54 patients with first acute supratentorial ICH 24h after onset were studied.All patients were dynamic evaluated by beside TCD on 1st,7th,21st day.The correlation of TCD with ICP,MESSS were studied.Results On the 1st day the TCD abnormity of the acute phase of the ICH occurred mainly in the anterior circulation of cerebrum,in which the cardinal manifestation was high-resistance,low-flow velocity blood waveforms,especially on the bleeding side.Continuous TCD monitoring revealed the low velocity of the cerebral blood flow increased;meanwhile the high value of PI decreased gradually and the TCD monitoring was within the normal range three weeks after the attack.The ICP had negative correlation with the VmMCA,positive correlation with the PI value.MESSS scale had negative correlation with the VmMCA,positive correlation with the PI value.Conclusions The TCD examination can be used to monitor the cerebral hemodynamics of the patients suffering from intracerebral hemorrhage.The combination of fVEP and TCD facilitate the evaluation of the dynamic changes of ICP so as to instruct lowering the ICP.

Objective To investigate the effects of multiple doses of propefol on long-term cognitive function in neonatal rats.Methods Twenty-four 7-day old SD rats weighing 12-16 g were randomly divided into 3 groups(n=8 each):group Ⅰ control(C)received intraperitoneal(IP)normal saline(NS)7.5 ml/kg once a day × 7 days:groupⅡ propofol 1(P1)received NS 7.5 ml/kg IP once a day×6 days+propofol 75 mg/kg IP on the 7 th day and group Ⅲ propofol 2(P2)received propefol 75 mg/kg IP once a day × 7 days.Learning and memory function were assessed using Morris water maze when the rats were 4 weeks old.The animals were decapitated immediately after the tests.The cortex and hippocampus were isolated for determination of aspartate (Asp),glutamic acid(Glu),glycine(Gly)and γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA)contents using high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Results Long-term learning and memory function significantly declined in group P2 as compared with group C and P1.The content of Asp in hippocampus and the Glu content and Glu/GABA ratio in cortex and hippocampus were significantly lower in group P2 than in group C and P1.There was no significant difference in Gly and GABA content in cortex and hippocampus among the 3 groups.Conclusion Multiple doses of propefol decreases long-term cognitive function by decreasing the levels of excitatory amino acid transmitters in the brain in neonatal rats.

Objective To observe how exogenous estrogen influences the distribution and the expression of NOS positive neurons in the supraoptic nuclei of hypothalamus in the overiectomized female rats. Methods The 2-3-month-old female rats(n=40) were selected as the healthy and nulli-copulatory experimental animals. Rats were divided into following groups: normal control group(n=10), ovariectomized control group(n=10), and two experimental groups that have been injected with estrogen for post-operative 40 days(n=10) and for post-operative 70 days(n=10). Finally, all the animals were infused and the brains were removed. Immunohistochemical (SABC) method was adopted to count the number of NOS poitive neurons and observed the NOS poitive neuronal morphology under the light microscope. The image analysis system was used to test the average gray value of immunoreactivity in NOS positive neurons. Results In the ovariectomized control group, the density of NOS positive neurons in supraoptic nucleus was significantly increased and their shapes were bigger than that of the normal control group(P<0.05). The density and the form of the NOS positive neurons in supraoptic nucleons had no apparent difference between the estrogen for post-operative 40 days group and the ovariectomizeed control group(P>0.05).In the group after estrogen-injection 2 months compared with the normal control group, and the ovariectomized control group, both of the NOS positive neurons' density and the size become significantly decreased, and the staining of cells was lesser in the group injected with estrogen for post-operation 70 days. Conclusion The present results suggest that exogenous estrogen may influence the distribution and the expression of NOS positive neurons in supraoptic nucleus of hypothalamus of ovariectomized female rats.

The characteristic fingerprint of conventional dairy Nanhanshuishi was established by X-ray diffraction (XRD), based on similarity of caculation on public peaks by MATLAB software, and the feasibility of new dairy technology of microwave method was explored between XRD and the dissolution rate in artificial simulation gastric juices. The result showed that similarity of shared peak in XRD of conventional dairy Nanhanshuishi was > 95%, This XRD characteristic fingerprint of conventional dairy Nanhanshuishi had strong specificity, could be used to provide a reference for identification and quality evaluation. This study also showed that the similarity of microware dairy products and conventional dairy products was good, and the sample of microwave 15 min was the best, and new dairy method by the microwave could replace the traditional method.
Animals ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; instrumentation ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Medicine, Tibetan Traditional ; Microwaves ; Milk ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; X-Ray Diffraction

Objective To measure the effect of one-stage transplantation of reverse-flow vascular pedicle fibular grafts in treatment of infected nonunion of the distal tibia.Methods From January 2001 to December 2012,23 patients sustaining the infected nonunion of the distal tibia were transplanted with reverse-flow vascular pedicled fibular grafts in one-stage.There were 13 males and 10 females,aged 26 to 59 years (mean,38.7 years).Tibial nounion based on the Jain-Sinha classification was rated as Type A in 6 patients and Type B in 17 patients.After the operation,the patients received 2-3 weeks of intravenous antibiotic treatment and then 4-week oral antibiotic therapy.Wound healing,limb and ankle joint fucntion and outcomes in fibular transplantation were observed.Results Duration of follow-up was 16-46 months (mean,28.6 months).There were no exudates and ulcerations of the skins.Smooth healing was achieved in all the patients except that fibular fracture was noted in one patient healed after cast immobilization.Healing time ranged from 12 to 28 weeks (mean,15.6 weeks).Limb function evaluated with Ennecking system had (87 ± 11) ％ restoration.According the Olerud-Molander scoring system,ankle function was excellent in 16 patients and good in 7 patients,with the excellent-good rate of 100％.Conclusion One-stage reverse-flow vascular pedicle fibular grafting is an optional procedure for treatment of infected nonunion of the distal tibia,due to the technique is easy and effective.