Objective To investigate the role of problem-based learning (PBL) in the improve-ment of students' comprehensive ability in experimental classes of fundamental nursing. Methods A total of 172 nursing students were randomly divided into the experimental group (n=76) and the control group (n=96), they received PBL and traditional education, respectively.The teaching effect was compared using X2 tesL Results The experimental group was better than the control group in comprehensive a-bility such as communication skills, operant skills, coping skills, health education, appearance and at-titude. Conclusions PBL can promote the nursing students to understand the comprehensive information of special problems, and improve their skills of resolving practical problems and autonomic learning.

Objective To assess the safety and efficacy of the transohturator tape (TOT) for surgical treatment of female stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Methods Clinical data of 206 TOT procedures for female urinary incontinence from Jan 2007 to Dec 2009 was retrospectively analyzed.Thirty-one women were identified as having mixed stress urinary incontinence.The mean age was 54.29 years(range,32-81 years),themean disease coursewas 10.31 years (range,1-40 years),and the mean follow-up time was 17.3 months (range,3-39 months).Therapeutic effects were assessed by Grouts-Blaivas outcome score.The results of the operation,complications and changes of urodynarnics were observed. Results The TOT operations were conducted under local anesthesia.The mean operative time was 23.9 min (range,16-35 min),Mean blood loss was 17.8 ml(range,15-30 ml).Short-term complications were as follows:thigh pain 14.08%,dysuria 5.83%,urinary posture change 0.97% and urinary retention 0.49%.The long-term complication rate was 0.97%,including vaginal wall defect and tape exposure in one case:the burr of tape exposure and sex life influence in one case.Long-term symptoms disappeared completely in 202 cases.The cure rate was 98.06%,and the rate of satisfaction was 100%. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that TOT procedure is a minimally invasive,safe and effective surgical treatment for stress urinary incontinence.

Purpose To test the virus inactivation effect of water bath method at 60 ℃ for 10 hours and alcohol treatment for 3 hours which was used in the production of urinary trypsin inhibitor(UTI).Methods Sindbis virus,Pseudorabies virus(PRV) and poliovirus1(PV1) were used as indicated viruses in this test.After being added separately into the UTI raw material in 10% proportion,the viruses were treated with water bath at 60 ℃ for 10 hours and alcohol for 3 hours and then the samples of UTI were taken to inoculate the cell line for assay of cytopathic effect.Results The water bath at 60 ℃ for 10 hours could inactive Sindbis,PRV and PV1 in more than(6.503±0.102)LgTCID_(50),(6.42±0.158) LgTCID_(50) and(6.587±0.061)LgTCID_(50) respectively,and alcohol treatment for 3 hours could inactive Sindbis,PRV and PV1 in more than(5.88±0.204)LgTCID_(50),(6.378±0.268)LgTCID_(50) and(5.963±0.118) LgTCID_(50) respectively.No cytopathic effect was found in the cell line which was inoculated with treated samples after blind passage for three generations.Conclusion The water bath method at 60 ℃ for 10 hours and alcohol treatment for 3 hours which were used in the production of UTI had good effects on virus inactivation and the inactivation efficiency on Sindbis,PRV and PV1 was more than 6 LgTCID_(50)/mL.

Animals ; Calcium ; analysis ; physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Motilin ; pharmacology ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; drug effects ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective The study aimed to evaluate the application effect of clinical pathways in laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients by using the meta-analysis.Methods Published randomized controlled trials (RCT) about laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients were searched and screened in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI),China Scientific Journal Database by VIP,Wanfang Database under present standards.The quality of the included studies was evaluated by certain standards.The Review Manager 5.2 software was used for analysis.Results Totally 29 studies including 5 570 cases were eligible to the criteria (2 753 in the experimental group and 2 853 in the control group) altogether.The meta-analysis showed that the hospitalization time and hospitalization costs in the clinical nursing pathway group were significantly less than those of the control group (SMD=-1.69 and-3.75),the satisfaction degree and the mastering of health knowledge in the clinical nursing pathway group were significantly higher than those of the control group (RR=1.16 and 1.26),the differece had statistical significance.Conclusions Application effect of clinical nursing pathways is superior to the traditional nursing method in laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients.

Objective To analyze the efficacy and safety of suprapubic arc sling (SPARC) and transobturater vaginal tape (TOT) for female stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 275 women ( 139 in TOT group and 136 in SPARC group) in our institute from September 2008 to January 2011.We had compared the complications of the two groups.All the patient's ICI-Q-SF scores and PISQ-12 scores were collected.We compared the pre- and post-operative Qmax and PVR to find out if SPARC or TOT tap cause bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). Results The operative time was 25.1 ± 3.3 min for TOT and 34.8 ± 5.6 min for SPARC.There was statistical difference between the two groups in the aspects of operative time (P =0.00).The improvements of average symptom and QOL scores in patients undergoing TOT and SPARC were statistically significant (P =0.00).The improvements of the PISQ-12 scores in the two groups were statistically significant (P ＜0.05 ) as well.There was no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05 ) in the total cure rate of TOT and SPARC.The complications post SPARC and TOT were low.In the TOT group,the Qmax changed from 30.2 ± 8.7 ml/s per-operatively to 24.9 ± 8.6 ml/s post-operatively in a week.PVR changed from 1.6 ± 4.2 ml pre-operatively to 3.2 ± 6.5 ml post-operatively in a week.In the SPARC group,the Qmax changed from 31.7 ±9.4 ml/s pre-operatively to 26.9 ± 8.9 ml/s post-operatively in a week.PVR changed from 1.4 ± 3.7 ml pre-operatively to 3.5 ± 6.3 ml postoperatively in a week.All the changes were significant ( P ＜ 0.05 ).And in the SPARC group,the Qmax changed from 31.2 ± 10.0 ml/s pre-operatively to 26.2 ± 9.1 ml/s post-operatively; the PVR changed from 1.8 ± 3.2 ml pre-operatively to 4.7 ± 8.8 ml post-operatively (P ＜ 0.05). Conclusions Both the TOT sling and the SPARC sling have high cure rates for SUI.But the retropubic sling may lead to BOO and other complications,so the transobturate sling is a better treatment option for SUI.

Objective To study the related factors of recurrence after myomectomy. Methods The clinical data of 441 cases with myomectomy were collected. The age at the time of operation, body mass index(BMI), preoperative parity, and the location, size and number of myomas were recorded, and the postoperative recurrence rate was calculated. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed for possible factors related to recurrence. Results The average time of follow-up was(37.79?18.64) months. Recurrence was found in 125 cases, and 5-year cumulative rate of recurrence was 38.9%. The age at the time of operation, BMI, number of myomas and preoperative parity were related factors of recurrence(P

Objective To investigate the influence of human chorionic gonadotropin on testicular germ cell apoptosis of bilateral cryptorchidism in rats.Methods Immature male rats (22 day-old Sprague Dawley) were subjected to bilateral cryptorchidism and injected with 20 U human chorionic gonadotropin from the 22th day to the 34th day every other day. Sham operation rats were as control group. At age 35 days and 60 days, rats were sacrificed for detection germ cell apoptosis by terminal- deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated d-UTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). Results There were significant difference of apoptosis index (AI) between bilateral cryptorchidism and sham operation groups(P0.05).Conclusion AI of cryptorchidism increases and HCG addes the number of apoptotic germ cells.

The isolated 24 strains-producing hydantoinase & carbamoylase were first identified by Biolog microbial identification system and 16S rDNA sequence analysis.The results suggested that the hydantoinase & carbamoyalse-producing bacteria belonged to Bacillus,Geobacillus,Brevibacillus,Aneurinibacillus,Microbacterium,Pseudomonas,Kurthia and Empedobacter,and so on.Especially,Kurthia and Empedobacter were new hydantoinase & carbamoylase-producing genera.Furthuremore,it was found that D-hydatoinase & carbamoyalse-producing bacteria belonged to Pseudomonas and Agrobacterium,while most of L-hydantoinase & carbamoyalse-producing bacterial belonged to Bacillus,Geobacillus and Microbacterium.The distribution feature of D-hydantoinase & carbamoyalse-producing bacteria and L-hydantoinase & carbamoyalse-producing bacteria showed some genera tendency.This research work will provide the biomaterial of different hydantoinase and carbamoylase and contribute to study the structure and function,molecular evolution of the two enzymes.

Objective To investigate question comprehension and production among agrammatic aphasics, and to explore the mechanisms of any dysfunction in questioning.Methods Twenty aphasics were recruited in this study.According to the Chinese Agrammatism Battery,10 were classified as agrammatic (the agrammatic group) and 10 as non-agrammatic (the non-agrammatic group).Ten normal subjects served as a control group.All the subjects were tested in terms of their comprehension and production of questions using a set of general and what-where-who- why questions (wh-questions).Results No significant difference was found between the two experimental groups with regard to the correct comprehension and production of both general and wh-questions.However,there was a sig- nificant difference in correctness between comprehension and production.The performance of the agrammatic aphasics was worse than that of the non-agramatics and the normal subjects.Conclusion The impaired question comprehen- sion and production of Chinese agrammatic aphasics has its own characteristies which can form a basis for rehabilita- tion planning and outcome prediction.