OBJECTIVE: To identify prognostic genes associated with lysosome-dependent cell death (LDCD) in patients with gastric cancer (GC). METHODS: Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using The Cancer Genome Atlas - Stomach Adenocarcinoma. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis was performed to identify the key module genes associated with LDCD score. Candidate genes were identified by DEGs and key module genes. Univariate Cox regression analysis, and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed for the selection of prognostic genes, and risk module was established. Subsequently, key cells were identified in the single-cell dataset (GSE183904), and prognostic gene expression was analyzed. Cell proliferation and migration were assessed using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and the wound healing assay. RESULTS: A total of 4,465 DEGs, 95 candidate genes, and 4 prognostic genes, including C19orf59, BATF2, TNFAIP2, and TNFSF18, were identified in the analysis. Receiver operating characteristic curves indicated the excellent predictive power of the risk model. Three key cell types (B cells, chief cells, and endothelial/pericyte cells) were identified in the GSE183904 dataset. C19orf59 and TNFAIP2 exhibited predominant expression in macrophage species, whereas TNFAIP2 evolved over time in endothelial/pericyte cells and chief cells. Functional experiments confirmed that interfering with C19orf59 inhibited proliferation and migration in GC cells. CONCLUSION C19orf59, BATF2, TNFAIP2, and TNFSF18 are prognostic genes associated with LDCD in GC. Furthermore, the risk model established in this study showed robust predictive power.
Stomach Neoplasms/pathology* ; Humans ; Prognosis ; Lysosomes/physiology* ; RNA-Seq ; Cell Death ; Single-Cell Analysis ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Cell Proliferation ; Single-Cell Gene Expression Analysis

Objective To investigate the characteristics of gut flora related to dampness syndrome in the population at risk of cerebrovascular disease and to explore their influencing factors.Methods Based on the results of epidemiological investigation of damp syndrome in at-risk population of cerebrovascular disease in Guangdong from October 2021 to February 2023,60 subjects(including 41 at-risk cases of cerebrovascular disease and 19 healthy controls)were included in the study.The identification of dampness syndrome and the risk rating of stroke were carried out for the subjects,and fecal samples were collected.High-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing technology and bioinformatics methods were used to analyze the characteristics of gut flora.Results(1)A total of 53 cases(88.33％)were identified as dampness syndrome.There was significant difference in the quantitative score of dampness syndrome between the risk group and the healthy group,and between the low-,medium-and high-risk groups(P=0.016;P=0.041).(2)There was no statistical difference in the species and abundance of gut flora between the dampness syndrome group and the non-dampness syndrome group.(3)In the population identified as dampness syndrome,there was no significant difference in Alpha diversity between the healthy group and the risk group,but there was significant difference in Beta diversity analysis;LEfSe analysis found that Fusobacterium and Lactobacillus were enriched in the risk group;correlation analysis showed that the differential bacteria were related to the three risk factors of diabetes,dyslipidemia and obesity and carotid intima-media thickness(IMT).(4)In the population identified as dampness syndrome and having the risk of cerebrovascular disease,there was no significant difference in Alpha diversity among three groups with different levels of risks,while significant difference in Beta diversity was observed;LEfSe analysis showed that Acidaminococcaceae,Phascolarctobacterium and Butyricimonas were enriched in the low-risk group,Veillonellaceae was enriched in the medium-risk group,and Ruminococcus 2 and Alloprevotella were enriched in the high-risk group;correlation analysis showed that the differential bacteria were associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),white blood cell count(WBC),and neutrophil count(NEUT).Conclusion In the Guangdong population predominated by dampness syndrome,the severity of dampness syndrome is related to the risk of stroke,and the specific flora associated with sub-clinical atherosclerosis,inflammatory response and lipid metabolism are presented.

Purpose To investigate the clinicopathological features,diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the primordial odontogenic tumour(POT).Methods Clinical data of 4 cases of jawbone POT were collected.Imaging examination,HE,and immunohistochemical EnVision two-step staining was used to an-alyze their clinical and pathological characteristics,and relevant literatures were reviewed.Results The age arranged from 5 years to 21 years.2 cases were male and 2 case were female.There were 2 cases in maxilla and 2 cases in mandible.The clinical presentation was a slow growing painless mass.Cut sur-face of the tumor was appeared grayish yellow and grayish white,the tumor involved the crown of an unerupted tooth.The tumour consisted of a proliferation of spindled and stellate cells in myx-oid stroma.Surfaced by cuboidal to columnar epithelium forming papillary structures and invaginations.Calcification was observed in 2 cases.Conclusion POT is a rare benign mixed odontogen-ic tumor that is more common in children and adolescents.Mas-tering its characteristic histological morphology can make a cor-rect diagnosis.Local complete resection of the tumor has a good prognosis.

Purpose::To identify the risk factors for training-related lower extremity muscle injuries in young males by a non-invasive method of body composition analysis.Methods::A total of 282 healthy young male volunteers aged 18 -20 years participated in this cohort study. Injury location, degree, and injury rate were adjusted by a questionnaire based on the overuse injury assessment methods used in epidemiological studies of sports injuries. The occurrence of training injuries is monitored and diagnosed by physicians and treated accordingly. The body composition was measured using the BodyStat QuadScan 4000 multifrequency Bio-impedance system at 5, 50, 100 and 200 kHz to obtain 4 impedance values. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to check whether the data conformed to a normal distribution. Data of normal distribution were shown as mean ± SD and analyzed by t-test, while those of non-normal distribution were shown as median (Q 1, Q 3) and analyzed by Wilcoxon rank sum test. The receiver operator characteristic curve and logistic regression analysis were performed to investigate risk factors for developing training-related lower extremity injuries and accuracy. Results::Among the 282 subjects, 78 (27.7%) developed training injuries. Lower extremity training injuries revealed the highest incidence, accounting for 23.4% (66 cases). These patients showed higher percentages of lean body mass ( p = 0.001), total body water (TBW, p=0.006), extracellular water ( p=0.020) and intracellular water ( p=0.010) as well as a larger ratio of basal metabolic rate/total weight ( p=0.006), compared with those without lower extremity muscle injuries. On the contrary, the percentage of body fat ( p=0.001) and body fat mass index ( p=0.002) were lower. Logistic regression analysis showed that TBW percentage > 65.35% ( p=0.050, odds ratio =3.114) and 3rd space water > 0.95% ( p=0.045, odds ratio =2.342) were independent risk factors for lower extremity muscle injuries. Conclusion::TBW percentage and 3rd space water measured with bio-impedance method are potential risk factors for predicting the incidence of lower extremity muscle injuries in young males following training.

The inflammatory effect of dietary is strongly related to the development of cancer,therefore,the diet-related inflammatory index was developed as a methodological tool to investigate the relationship between dietary,inflammation and tumors.In this paper,we summarized the results on diet-related inflammatory indices and common cancers of the digestive system based on relevant cancer epidemiological studies.The available epidemiological evidence suggests that pro-inflammatory diet is associated with an increased risk of gastrointestinal malignancies,with the strongest association with colorectal cancer,followed by esophageal and gastric cancers,and then pancreatic cancer,and the least evidence of studies with liver cancer.Among these studies,the level of evidence for esophageal cancer is lower than colorectal cancer,the study of gastric cancer has gender differences and problems in adjusting for confounders,and the study of pancreatic cancer has heterogeneous results.In view of the current research progress and deficiencies,prospective studies or population-based cohort studies,as well as strengthening nutritional epidemiological studies related to common tumors such as liver cancer could be considered in the future.This review is expecting to provide basic information and scientific basis for strengthening the related healthy eating behavior promotion in the prevention and control of digestive system tumors.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the expression of long non-coding RNA HOXA-AS2(lncRNA HOXA-AS2),long non-coding RNA FOXD2-AS1(lncRNA FOXD2-AS1),and long non-coding RNA CRNDE(lncRNA CRNDE)in endometrial carcinoma and the clinical pathological character-istics and prognosis of patients.Methods Collect samples of endometrial carcinoma cancer tissues and adja-cent tissues excised during surgery from 119 endometrial carcinoma patients admitted to a hospital from Octo-ber 2017 to February 2020.The relative expression levels of HOXA-AS2,FOXD2-AS1 and CRNDE in tissues were retrospectively analyzed,as well as their relationship with clinicopathological features and 3-year survival rate of patients.Results The relative expression levels of HOXA-AS2,FOXD2-AS1 and CRNDE in cancer tissues of endometrial carcinoma patients were higher than those in adjacent tissues,with statistical signifi-cance(P＜0.05).The relative expression levels of HOXA-AS2,FOXD2-AS1 and CRNDE in cancer tissues of endometrial carcinoma patients were positively correlated(rHOXA-As2 vs.FOXD2-AS1=0.384,P=0.001;rHoXA-AS2 vs.CRNDE=0.576,P＜0.001;rFoXD2-AS1 vs.CRNDE=0.326,P=0.003).In the HOXA-AS2,FOXD2-AS1 and CRNDE high expression group,the proportion of patients with international federation of gynecology and ob-stetrics(FIGO)stage Ⅲ+Ⅳ,lymph node metastasis,deep infiltration and low differentiation was higher than that in the low expression group,with statistical significance(P＜0.05).The 3-year survival rate of low HOXA-AS2 expression group in endometrial cancer patients(52/60,86.67％)was higher than that of high HOXA-AS2 expression group(40/59,67.79％),the difference was statistically significant(x2=6.039,P＜0.05).The 3-year survival rate of patients with endometrial cancer with low FOXD2-AS1 expression group(53/59,89.83％)was higher than that of patients with endometrial cancer with high FOXD2-AS1 expression group(39/60,65.00％),and the difference was statistically significant(x2=10.456,P＜0.05).The 3-year sur-vival rate of low CRNDE expression group in endometrial cancer patients(51/60,85.00％)was higher than that of high CRNDE expression group(41/59,69.49％),and the difference was statistically significant(x2=4.079,P＜0.05).HOXA-AS2,FOXD2-AS1,and CRNDE were risk factors for death in endometrial carcinoma patients(P＜0.05).Conclusion The expression of HOXA-AS2,FOXD2-AS1,and CRNDE in endometrial carcinoma cancer tissue is closely related to the clinical pathological characteristics and prognosis of patients.

Objective To make an epidemiological investigation on traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)dampness syndrome manifestations in the population at risk of cerebrovascular diseases in Guangdong area.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted to analyze the clinical data related to the risk of cerebrovascular diseases in 330 Guangdong permanent residents.The diagnosis of dampness syndrome,quantitative scoring of dampness syndrome and rating of the risk of stroke were performed for the investigation of the distribution pattern of dampness syndrome and its influencing factors.Results(1)A total of 306(92.73%)study subjects were diagnosed as dampness syndrome.The percentage of dampness syndrome in the risk group was 93.82%(258/275),which was slightly higher than that of the healthy group(48/55,87.27%),but the difference was not statistically significant(χ2 = 2.91,P = 0.112).The quantitative score of dampness syndrome in the risk group was higher than that of the healthy group,and the difference was statistically significance(Z =-2.24,P = 0.025).(2)Among the study subjects at risk of cerebrovascular disease,evaluation time(χ2 = 26.11,P = 0.001),stroke risk grading(χ2= 8.85,P = 0.031),and history of stroke or transient ischemic attack(TIA)(χ2 = 9.28,P = 0.015)were the factors influencing the grading of dampness syndrome in the population at risk of cerebrovascular disease.Conclusion Dampness syndrome is the common TCM syndrome in the population of Guangdong area.The manifestations of dampness syndrome are more obvious in the population with risk factors of cerebrovascular disease,especially in the population at high risk of stroke,and in the population with a history of stroke or TIA.The assessment and intervention of dampness syndrome should be taken into account for future project of stroke prevention in Guangdong.

BACKGROUND:Host immune response triggered by plaque biofilm is an initiator of periodontitis progression and destruction.Macrophages are an important component of the innate immune response,which play an important role in inflammation occurrence and development. OBJECTIVE:To review the relationship between macrophage polarization and periodontitis and the related progress in the treatment of periodontitis by regulating macrophage polarization. METHODS:PubMed and CNKI databases were searched for relevant literature published from 1990 to 2023,with"macrophage polarization,M1/M2 macrophage,periodontitis,periodontitis treatment,macrophage polarization and periodontitis,osteoimmunology,ferroptosis,macrophage polarization and ferroptosis,periodontitis and ferroptosis"as the English and Chinese search terms.After the initial screening,96 articles were selected for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The switch between different phenotypes of macrophages is closely related to the tissue destruction caused by periodontitis,and various cytokines and inflammatory mediators secreted from macrophages are involved in the destruction and repair of periodontal tissue.Therefore,regulation of macrophage polarization and cytokine secretion in inflammatory state helps to alleviate periodontitis inflammation and improve the periodontal microenvironment,thereby reducing tissue destruction or promoting periodontal tissue regeneration.Many studies have been conducted to develop drugs or biomaterials to modulate macrophage function for the purpose of immunomodulatory treatment of periodontitis.However,macrophages act throughout the development of periodontitis and play an important role in the process of anti-infection,bone destruction and bone repair,and polarization is a complex and dynamic process influenced by many factors.Therefore,further exploration on possible mechanisms is still needed to clarify the interaction between materials or drugs and macrophages.

Objective To understand the HIV/AIDS burden and the disease burden attributed to various risk factors in four countries with different socio-demographic index (SDI) (China, United States, Russia, and Afghanistan) from 1990 to 2019, and to predict the HIV/AIDS attributable disease burden from 2020 to 2029. Methods The 2019 Global Burden of Disease Study data was used to describe and compare the incidence, prevalence, death, and DALYs of HIV/AIDS in the four countries. The standardized DALYs attributed to various risk factors in different age groups of HIV/AIDS in the four countries in 1990 and 2019 were compared. R4.3.0 was used to construct an autoregressive moving average mixed model to predict the attributable disease burden in each country over the next decade. Results Compared with 1990, in 2019, the standardized incidence rate, standardized prevalence rate, standardized mortality rate, and standardized DALYs rate in China and the other two countries, except the United States, showed an increase. People aged 10 to 49 years old were a key group for disease burden, and the main risk factors for disease burden varied among different countries and age groups. The autoregressive moving average mixed model predicted that the main risk factor for Russia in the next decade would be injecting drugs, while unsafe sexual behavior would occur in the other three countries. Conclusion There are differences in disease burden and risk factors among different genders and age groups globally and in the four different SDI countries. Therefore, differences should be fully considered to determine the focus of HIV/AIDS prevention and control and rationally allocate health resources.

Objective To establish an allogeneic rat model of endometriosis and to evaluate the effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist GenSci006 on experimental rat endometriosis. Methods Endometrium from SPF grade donor female SD rats were transplanted onto the abdominal wall of recipient female rats to construct an allogeneic endometriosis model. The rats undergoing sham surgery were divided into the sham group. Three weeks later, the length, width and height of the ectopic endometrium were measured, and the volume of the endometrium (V₁) was calculated before drug administration. The modeling rats were randomly divided into four groups: model group, triptorelin group (0.25 mg/kg), GenSci006-1 group (0.125 mg/kg) and GenSci006-2 group (0.25 mg/kg). Each group had 16 rats and received a single dose of the corresponding drug. The sham group and model group were administered an equal volume of solvent. Three weeks after administration, ectopic endometrium was measured to calculate the volume V₂ and inhibition rate. The effect of GenSci006 on rat uterus and ovarian tissues was assessed by comparing organ coefficients and changes in pathological sections. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the levels of serum estradiol (E₂), progesterone (P₄), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH). Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression of GnRH receptor (GnRHR) mRNA in the hypothalamus and pituitary. Western blot was used to detect the expression of estradiol receptor alpha (ERα), beta (ERβ) and progesterone receptor (PR) in ectopic endometrium. Results Three weeks after administration, compared with the model group, the body weight of rats in the triptorelin and GenSci006-2 groups significantly increased (P < 0.05), while the volume of ectopic endometrium significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Compared with the sham group, the model group showed no significant changes in uterine and ovarian organ coefficients or endometrial thickness (P > 0.05). Compared with the model group, the uterine organ coefficients and endometrial thickness were significantly reduced in the triptorelin and GenSci006-2 groups (P < 0.05). Compared with the sham group, the serum levels of E₂, P₄, FSH and LH in the model group showed no significant changes (P > 0.05). Compared with the model group, the ovarian organ coefficient and serum P₄ levels of rats in the Triptorelin, GenSci006-1, and GenSci006-2 groups were significantly reduced (P < 0.05), while the serum LH levels of rats in the GenSci006-1 group were significantly increased (P < 0.05). However, there were no significant changes in serum E₂ and FSH levels in each group (P > 0.05). Compared with the model group, the expression levels of GnRHR mRNA in the pituitary tissue of rats in the triptorelin and GenSci006-2 groups were significantly downregulated (P < 0.05), with no significantly changes in the hypothalamus (P > 0.05). There were no significant changes in the expression level of GnRHR mRNA in the hypothalamus or the protein levels of ERα, ERβ and PR in the ectopic endometrial tissue in any group (P > 0.05). Conclusion The allogeneic endometriosis rat model is a suitable animal model for screening and evaluating drugs for treating endometriosis. The volume of ectopic endometrium, inhibition rate, uterine and ovarian organ coefficients, and serum E₂ levels may serve as indicators for detecting drug efficacy.