Aim To study the effect of circulating mi-crovesicles containing miR-27 a on blood brain barrier tight junction injury of ischemia stroke mice and its mechanism. Methods The middle cerebral artery occlusion mouse model was established, and the mi-crovesicles in the supernatant of 2 h of ischemic stroke brain tissues were separated by centrifugal ultrafiltra-tion method. The transmission electron microscopy was used to observe microvesicle morphology, and the di-ameter of microvesicles was detected. Based on the 2 h ischemia stroke mouse model, mice were injected via femoral vein with microvesicles at 5 mg · kg-1 . TTC staining was applied to detect infarction volume of is-chemia brain, while HE staining was applied to detect the expression change of tight junction protein occludin and claudin-5 . Western blot was subjected to detect occludin, claudin-5, TLR4, NF-κB and p38 protein expression. ELISA method was used to measure the contents of cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α. Results The microvesicle shape was approximately circular bi-lateral membrane structure, with an average diameter of 160 nm, which conformed to the morphological char-acteristics of microvesicles. Compared with the ische-mic stroke group, injection of microvesicles could ag-gravate the damage of brain tissues in ischemic mice, further increase the infarct volume and reduce the posi-tive staining areas of occludin and claudin-5 in ische-mia brain tissues. Meanwhile, the protein expressions of occludin and claudin-5 further decreased, and fur-ther up-regulated TLR4 and phosphorylation of NF-κB and p38 compared with the ischemia stroke group. Al-so, more content of IL-1βand TNF-αwere detected in ischemia stroke group injected with microvesicles com-pared with those in ischemia stroke group with signifi-cant difference, while the injection of antagomir-27a could alleviate brain damage and reduce the activation of TLR4, NF-κB and p38 in ischemia stroke mice. Conclusions Microvesicles containing miR-27 a could significantly attenuate brain injury in ischemia stroke mice, while aggravate the tight junction damage of ischemia brain. The mechanism might be correlated with the up-regulation of the expression of TLR4 , the phosphorylation of NF-κB, p38, and the release of cy-tokines IL-1β and TNF-α.

Objective To investigate the impact flat deformity of the cerebral cortex induced by congenital hydrocephalus on motor functioning and cognition.Methods Tomography was used to confirm the presence of flat cortex deformity in three congenital hydrocephalus patients ranging in age from 20 to 33.Their motor control,balance,cognition and ability in the activities of daily living (ADL) were evaluated using the Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA),the Berg balance scale (BBS),the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and the modified Barthel index (MBI).Speech dysfunction was judged on the basis of clinical communication.The patients were scanned using a 64-slice spiral CT and size-of-ventricle indices were calculated.Results All 3 patients underwent ventrideperitoneal shunt.Their FMA scores were 75.5,83 and 100,with BBS scores of 4,24 and 56,MMSE scores of 14,23 and 26,and the MBIs of 40,90 and 100.CT images showed obvious ventricle enlargement and a thinner cortex layer in all three,with the thinnest part 0.18 cm,0.22 cm and 0.57 cm.Their ventricle indexes were 303％,288％ and 192％,respectively.Conclusion Although there is no systematic rehabilitation therapy for such patients,their motor,cognition and speech functioning were good,indicating the great potential for plasticity of the human brain.

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are a group of immature and heterogeneous cells that can inhibit T cell function. In pathological conditions such as tumors, infections, and chronic inflammation, the large expansion of MDSCs is involved in processes of immune escape, immune tolerance and inflammatory reactions. MDSCs are also crucial in the pathophysiology of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, however, their activation, differentiation, and function during HBV infection are still unclear. This article reviews the general characteristics and roles of MDSCs in HBV infection, as well as related drug therapies, in order to provide information for further research on the related mechanism and potential targeted treatment.

The medical insurance medical consumables were introuduced in terms of coding and standard implementation.A whole-process supervision method based on the codes of medical insurance medical consumbles was put forward to carry out catalog classification and selection,demand reporting and planned procurement,acceptance and storage management and use supervision,conditions monitoring and analysis and etc.The efficiency of various departments of clinical insitutitions was enhanced effectively for supervising clinical application of medical consumables,and the whole-process management of medical consumables was standardized.References were provided for the precision management of medical consumables.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2023,44(9):74-77]

Objective: To systematically review available risk prediction models evidence on construction and verification of colorectal cancer risk prediction models. Methods: "Colorectal neoplasms", "risk assessment", "colorectal cancer", "colorectal tumor", "colon cancer", "colon tumor", "rectal cancer", "rectal tumor", "anal cancer", "anal tumor", "risk prediction", "malignancy", "carcinogenesis", "model" were used as search keywords. Journal papers and grey literature were searched from Chinese electronic databases (CNKI and Wanfang) and English electronic databases (PubMed and Embase) from their inception to 30 Apr 2018. The language of literature was restricted to Chinese and English. The inclusion criteria were human-oriented researches with complete information for model construction,verification and evaluation. The exclusion criteria were informal publications such as conference abstracts, Chinese disertation papers, and non-primary research materials such as reviews,letters,and news reports. Descriptive characteristics,targeted population, study design, model construction method and prediction results were extracted. A total of 36 papers involving 27 models were included. The population characteristics of all included studies,the type of research, the method of model construction and the prediction results of the model were analyzed. Results: As for model construction,there were 13 European and American population based model studies,14 Asian population based model studies,including 7 Chinese mainland based model studies. According to the factors selected into the model, these models can be divided into traditional epidemiological models (17 models), clinical index combined models (4 models),and genetic susceptibility index combined models (6 models). As for model verification,only 9 models were cross-verified in the internal population after model construction, and the extrapolation of model prediction effect was not effectively evaluated; 17 models were verified in an external population; there was only one model verified in two external populations in terms of risk prediction effect; the area under the curve of 27 models was 0.56-0.85. Conclusion The risk prediction model of colorectal cancer is in the development stage. The external evaluation of model prediction effect is less and the prediction ability is not good, and the existing models have limited exploration of clinical indicators.

Aim To observe the protective effect of Gancao Xiexin Decoction (GXD) on intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) under endoplasmic reticulum stress from the perspective of PERK-elF2α-CH0P signaling pathway. Methods Caco-2 cells were cultured and divided into normal control group (NC), model control group(MC), low-dose GXD group(GXD-L), mediumdose GXD group (GXD-M) and high-dose GXD group (GXD-H). Models of the stress epithelial cells were induced by tunicamycin(Tm), and GXD groups were treated with GXD contained serum at the same time. The cell survival rate was assessed by CCK-8 method, the cell apoptotic rate and cell cycle distribution were determined by flow cytometry, and the cell barrier permeability was determined by TEER and FITC-dextran method; the expression levels of core proteins of PERK-elF2α-CH0P signaling pathway were detected by Western blot. Results Compared with MC group, GXD intervention could improve cell survival rate(P < 0. 05), reduce their apoptotic rate(P <0. 01), relieve cell cycle arrest(P < 0. 01), improve cell barrier permeability by increasing cell TEER value (P < 0. 01) and decreasing FITC-dextran concentration (P < 0.05), and the levels of p-PERK, p-elF2α, ATF4 and CHOP in GXD-M and GXD-H groups all visibly descended (P < 0. 01). Conclusions GXD can reduce the excessive apoptosis of IECs and protect intestinal epithelial cell barrier homeostasis by inhibiting the signal transduction of PERK-elF2α-CH0P apoptotic pathway.

Objective:To assess the efficacy and safety of cinepazide maleate injection in the treatment of patients with acute ischemic stroke.Methods:A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase Ⅳ clinical trial, led by Peking Union Medical College Hospital, was conducted in 65 Hospitals in China. The efficacy of cinepazide maleate injection in patients with acute anterior circulation cerebral infarction with onset time of ≤48 hours, 7≤National Institute of Health stroke scale (NIHSS) score ≤25 was assessed from August 2016 to February 2019, using the proportion of modified Rankin scale (mRS) score≤1 and Barthel index (BI) score≤95 on day 14 as efficacy endpoint. The patients were divided into treatment group who were treated with cinepazide maleate injection and control group who were treated with placebo.Results:A total 937 patients were involved in the final efficacy analysis (466 in treatment group and 471 in control group). The proportion of subjects with mRS score≤1 on day 14 after treatment were higher in the treatment group than that in the control group (102/466(21.89%) vs76/471(16.14%)). Logistic regression analysis showed that patients treated with cinepazide maleate were significantly more likely to have a favorable outcome (mRS score≤1) than patients treated with placebo on day 14 ( OR=0.677, 95% CI 0.484-0.948 , P=0.023), and patients treated with cinepazide maleate were more likely to reach independence in activities of daily living (Barthel Index ≥95) than those treated with placebo on day 14 (125/466(26.82%) vs 91/471(19.32%); OR=0.632, 95% CI0.459-0.869, P=0.005). The rate of adverse events was similar between the treatment and control groups. Conclusion:The 14-day treatment with cinepazide maleate injection could reduce the degree of disability whereas did not increase the risk of adverse events.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease with a high disability rate and unknown etiology.Early diagnosis and early treatment are essential to prevent the further development of the disease.In reeent years, metabolomics teeh- niques have been widely used in various fields of life sciences because of its wholism, dynamics, high sensitivity and high throughput.This artiele reviews the progress of metabolomics technology in various aspects of RA investigations sueh as early diagnosis, disease classification as well as drug efficacy prediction in order to provide new ideas for clinical diagnosis and treatment of RA from the metabolic perspective.

Objective To systematically review available risk prediction models evidence on construction and verification of colorectal cancer risk prediction models. Methods "Colorectal neoplasms","risk assessment", "colorectal cancer", "colorectal tumor", "colon cancer", "colon tumor", "rectal cancer","rectal tumor", "anal cancer", "anal tumor", "risk prediction", "malignancy", "carcinogenesis", "model"were used as search keywords. Journal papers and grey literature were searched from Chinese electronic databases (CNKI and Wanfang) and English electronic databases (PubMed and Embase) from their inception to 30 Apr 2018. The language of literature was restricted to Chinese and English. The inclusion criteria were human?oriented researches with complete information for model construction,verification and evaluation. The exclusion criteria were informal publications such as conference abstracts, Chinese disertation papers, and non?primary research materials such as reviews,letters,and news reports. Descriptive characteristics,targeted population, study design, model construction method and prediction results were extracted. A total of 36 papers involving 27 models were included. The population characteristics of all included studies,the type of research, the method of model construction and the prediction results of the model were analyzed. Results As for model construction,there were 13 European and American population based model studies,14 Asian population based model studies,including 7 Chinese mainland based model studies. According to the factors selected into the model, these models can be divided into traditional epidemiological models (17 models), clinical index combined models (4 models),and genetic susceptibility index combined models (6 models). As for model verification,only 9 models were cross?verified in the internal population after model construction, and the extrapolation of model prediction effect was not effectively evaluated; 17 models were verified in an external population; there was only one model verified in two external populations in terms of risk prediction effect; the area under the curve of 27 models was 0.56-0.85. Conclusion The risk prediction model of colorectal cancer is in the development stage. The external evaluation of model prediction effect is less and the prediction ability is not good, and the existing models have limited exploration of clinical indicators.

Objective:To systematically understand the global research progress in the construction and validation of lung cancer risk prediction models.Methods:"lung neoplasms" , "lung cancer" , "lung carcinoma" , "lung tumor" , "risk" , "malignancy" , "carcinogenesis" , "prediction" , "assessment" , "model" , "tool" , "score" , "paradigm" , and "algorithm" were used as search keywords. Original articles were systematically searched from Chinese databases (CNKI, and Wanfang) and English databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science) published prior to December 2018. The language of studies was restricted to Chinese and English. The inclusion criteria were human oriented studies with complete information for model development, validation and evaluation. The exclusion criteria were informal publications such as conference abstracts, Chinese dissertation papers, and research materials such as reviews, letters, and news reports. A total of 33 papers involving 27 models were included. The population characteristics of all included studies, study design, predicting factors and the performance of models were analyzed and compared.Results:Among 27 models, the number of American-based, European-based and Asian-based model studies was 12, 6 and 9, respectively. In addition, there were 6 Chinese-based model studies. According to the factors fitted into the models, these studies could be divided into traditional epidemiological models (11 studies), clinical index models (6 studies), and genetic index models (10 studies). 15 models were not validated after construction or were cross-validated only in the internal population, and the extrapolation effect of models was not effectively evaluated; 8 models were validated in single external population; only 4 models were verified in multiple external populations (3-7); the area under the curve (AUC) of models ranged from 0.57 to 0.90.Conclusion:Research on risk prediction models for lung cancer is in development stage. In addition to the lack of external validation of existing models, the exploration of potential clinical indicators was also limited.