Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is the most important early warning signal of cerebral infarction, and it is also the critical period for the prevention of cerebral infarction. If we effectively control the risk factors of TIA, the onset and the progress of TIA can be prevented and controlled, This article reviews the correlation between the risk factors of TIA and prognosis.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial ; methods ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; prevention & control ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

A young female complained repeated nasal discharge for over three months with discomfort of right cheek, and oral antibiotics had less effect. She has a history of "root canal therapy" five years before. Physical examination found purulent secretion in the right middle nasal meatus, and light tenderness in the right side of the maxillary sinus area. The CT scan of paranasal sinus shown possible fungal infection of right maxillary sinus. Finally the nasal endoscopic surgery confirmed the fungus ball of right maxillary sinus with foreign body (the root canal filling material).
Endoscopy ; Female ; Foreign Bodies ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Maxillary Sinus ; microbiology ; Maxillary Sinusitis ; microbiology ; Mycoses ; diagnosis ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; microbiology ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective To investigate the inhibition effect of plasma-mediated small interfering RNA (siRNA) on the expression of monocyte chemotacite protein-1 (MCP-1) gene in human renal tubular epithelial cells (HKC).Methods Three pairs of siRNAs directed human's MCP-1 mRNA 67,116,142 targets were designed and synthesized.Eukaryotic expression vector special for MCP-1,pRNAT-MCP-1-Ⅰ、pRNAT-MCP-1-Ⅱ、pRNAT-MCP-1-Ⅲ were constructed and transfected into HKC by lipofectamine.At 24 hour after transfection,the expression of MCP-1 in the levels of mRNA was detected by Real Time RT-PCR,and the expression of MCP-1 in the levels of protein was detected by Western blot.Results Transfection efficiency of siRNA expression vector was 60%;the expression of MCP-1 in the levels of mRNA and protein of three pairs of plasma-mediated siRNA group were markedly decreased compared with normal control group(P

Objective To investigate the distribution and susceptibility of carbapenem resistant citrobacter freundii for rational antimicrobial therapy.Methods The C.freumdii were collected between January 2011 and December 2014 from inpatients.The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) were detected by an automated analyzer (VITEK 2) to analyze the characteristic of tested bacteria.Results (1) Of the 21 strains of carbapenemresistant citrobacter freundii,95％ were collected from urine,among which most of the strains were isolated from the Department of Transplantology (66.7％) and Urology (19％);(2) Antimicrobials Susceptibility test showed that Citmbacter freund were highly resistant to Cephalosporins and relevant beta-lactamase inhibitors.Even carbapenem were highly resistant.Imipenem had a resistance rate of 90％ (95％ confidence interval:70 to 99),Meropenem 85.7％ (95％ confidence interval:64 to 97),The drug resistance rate to Amikacin was only 4.8％,followed by Nitrofuran toin (10.5％) and Fosfomycin (15％).Conclusions Carbapenem resistant citrobacter freundii,which often causes urinary tract infection in our hospital,was characterized by multi-drug resistant (MDR).Monitoring of the Citrobaeter freundii should be strengthened to control the prevalence of drug resistance.

Objective To evaluate the differential diagnostic value and superior of biliary atresia(BA)in the infants with cholestatic hepatopathy by high-frequency ultrasonography (HUS).Methods After 4 hours fasting,124 infants with cholestatic hepatopathy were scanned with high-frequency US.The data of hepatic size and parenchyma,gallbladder,triangular cord (TC) sign,bile duct,right hepatic artery (RHA)and portal vein (PV) were observed and measured.Meanwhile,the other data were collected,which included the clinical diagnosis,blood biochemical tests,the MRCP and dynamic duodenal liquid color check finding,the pathological results after liver puncture biopsy and so on.Results In 124 infants with cholestatic hepatopathy,BA was found in 61 infants and ruled out in 63.TC thickness,RHA diameter,and gallbladder length and width exhibited significant differences between the group with BA and the group non-BA(all P ＜0.001).The correctness for the diagnosis of BA was 90.3％ by the combination of TC sign and abnormal gallbladder morphology,and 83.1 ％ by stool color,81.5 ％ by γ-GT,47.5 ％ by MRCP,83.3 ％ by dynamic duodenal liquid color check,95.2％ by the pathology after liver puncture biopsy,respectively.Conclusions HUS is superior to other diagnostic methods in BA with higher accuracy rate,noninvasion,simplicity and economy.

OBJECTIVETo explore the TCM therapy for puerperal albuminuria (PA) in patients with gestational hypertension syndrome (GHS).

METHODSSeventy-two GHS patients with PA in the severe preeclampsia stage were assigned to the treated group (38 cases) and the control group (34 cases). They were treated, starting from the postpartum second day, with Nifedipine 10 mg three times per day, but to the treated group, Shenkangbao (SKB, a TCM patent drug for stasis resolving and dinresis) was given additionally at the dose of 10 g twice a day, 3 weeks as one therapeutic course for all. Changes of urinary albumin quality and quantity, plasma total protein and albumin, as well as renal function and blood pressure before and after treatment were observed.

RESULTSSignificant difference after treatment between the two groups was shown in terms of percentage of cases with positive albuminuria (0.7 +/- 0.8 vs. 1.5 +/- 0.9), 24-h urinary albumin (520 +/- 480 mg vs. 1352 +/- 861 mg), plasma total protein (74.5 +/- 6.3 g/L vs. 67.8 +/- 6.2 g/L), and plasma albumin (39.4 +/- 4.5 g/L vs. 34.6 +/- 4.3 g/L, all P < 0.01); also in urinary albumin negative inversion rate (92.1% vs. 67.6%, P < 0.01). No significant difference of renal function between groups, and between pre- and post-treatment was found (P > 0.05), as for the blood pressure, it showed a significant difference between pre- and post-treatment in both groups (P < 0.01), but with no difference between groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONTCM therapy for stasis-resolving and diuresis with SKB can promote the eliminating of albuminuria in puerpera in the severe preeclampsia stage.

Adult ; Albuminuria ; drug therapy ; etiology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced ; drug therapy ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Nifedipine ; therapeutic use ; Phytotherapy ; Postpartum Period ; Pre-Eclampsia ; drug therapy ; Pregnancy ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate motor nerve function status in rats with diabetes mellitus by motor unit number estimation (MUNE), and discuss it′s early diagnostic value in diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). Methods Diabetic rat model (DM group) was induced by streptozotocin. The MUNE of gastrocnemius muscle and motor nerve conduction (MCV, CMAP) of the sciatic nerve were measured at the 4th, 8th and 12th week after onset of hyperglycemia in the DM group and the control group (normal SD rats). The ultrastructure of sciatic nerve was observed by electron microscope. Results At the 4th week, MUNE of gastrocnemius muscle was significantly decreased in DM group compared to that of the control group (275.88 ± 87.87 vs 369.71 ± 75.64,P<0.05). There were no significant differences in MCV and CMAP of sciatic nerve be?tween two groups. The electron microscopy observation showed that most nerve fibers were normal;a small amount of axonal atrophy, and myelin lamellar structure was separated in DM group. At the 8th week, compared with the control group, MUNE were reduced in gastrocnemius muscle in DM group (357.49±72.68 vs 221.26±92.41, P<0.01). There were no significant dif?ferences in MCV and CMAP of the sciatic nerve between DM group and control group. The electron microscope observation showed that part of nerve fibers were normal, the myelin focal plate layer was loose and separated, axonal atrophy, the axonal membrane and myelin sheath inner layer was separated with big gap. At the 12th week, MUNE of gastrocnemius muscle (127.87±19.80 vs 366.85±51.25), sciatic nerve MCV [(35.06±4.43) m/s vs (50.47±6.07) m/s] and CMAP [(2.91±1.37) mV vs (5.98±2.14) mV] were significantly decreased in DM group than those of control group (P<0.01). The electron microscopy observation showed severely damaged myelin flex and axonal squeeze. Conclusion MUNE is much earlier in detecting ear?ly motor nerve dysfunction in DM than conventional motor nerve conduction test.

Objective To assess the function of motor nerve fiber in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) by single-fiber conduction studies.Methods According to the diagnostic standard of DPN issued in Toronto meeting in 2009,on the basis of the result of peroneal nerve conventional conduction study,a total of 65 patients with DPN in the Department of Endocrinology and the Department of Neurology of Tianjin Third Central Hospital from October 2012 to October 2013 were enrolled into the study,from whom 33 had abnormal sensory conduction (sensory-diabetic peripheral neuropathy group,S-DPN group),32 had abnormal sensory motor conduction (sensory motor-diabetic peripheral neuropathy group,SM-DPN group).Single-fiber conduction velocity (SF-CV) and single-fiber distal motor latency (SF-DML)were detected in all subjects.The obtained results were compared with the data from 34 healthy volunteers (control group).The relationship of SF-CV,SF-DML and the duration of diabetes mellitus,fasting glucose,HbA1 c was also studied in DPN patients.Results The SF-CV ((43.1 ± 3.6) m/s) was decreased in S-DPN group compared with control group ((47.5 ± 3.3) m/s,t =5.077,P ＜ 0.01).There were no significant differences in SF-DML ((3.6 ± 0.7) ms),motor nerve conduction velocity (MCV (49.5 ± 2.6)m/s) and DML ((3.4 ± 0.6) ms) in S-DPN group compared with that of control group ((3.4 ± 0.5) ms,(50.9 ± 3.5) m/s,(3.2 ± 0.5) ms,respectively).SM-DPN group had lower SF-CV ((35.2 ± 3.6)m/s,t =9.119,14.219),MCV ((40.9 ± 3.2) m/s,t =11.131,13.025) and increased SF-DML ((4.5±0.7) ms,t=5.692,7.231),DML ((4.2 ±0.7) ms,t=5.561,6.975) compared with the other two groups (P ＜0.01).SF-CV in DPN patients was negatively related to the diabetic duration (r =-0.340,P =0.006),while SF-DML had no correlation with duration of DM,fasting blood glucose and HbAlc.Conclusions Detection of SF-CV is easy to find early motor nerve dysfunction in DPN patients.SF-CV is decreased with the increasing duration of diabetes.

Objective To establish the reference interval of serum urea nitrogen (BUN) ,creatinine(Cr) ,uric acid(UA) for the healthy adults of Hengshui City .Methods 16 403 cases of healthy adults of different areas in the city were enrolled in the study .By using automatic biochemical analyzer ,3 kidney function indicators(BUN ,Cr ,UA) were determined .According to different sex and age groups ,statistical analysis was performed .Results The reference intervals of 3 kidney function indicators for healthy people in Hengshui City were as follows ,BUN :2 .75-7 .05 mmol/L for male and 2 .24-6 .58 mmol/L for female;Cr:49 .69-87 .96 μmol/L for male and 35 .82-72 .22 μmol/L for female;UA :209 .51 -500 .06 μmol/L for male and 146 .25 -389 .69 μmol/L for female . Conclusion The reference intervals established could basically reflect the concentrations of 3 kidney function indicators for the healthy adults in Hengshui City ,which could provide a reference .