Aim To study the protective effect of total extract of astragalus(TEA) on primary rat hepatocytes injured by CCl4 or H2O2 and its mechanism.Methods The primary hepatocytes were isolated by Ⅳ collaganase and injured by CCl4 or H2O2.The contents of malondialdehyde(MDA) and glutathion(GSH),glutathion peroxidase(GSHpx) activity of hepatocytes and the AST and /or ALT level in cultural supernatant were determined by general methods. Results (1) The elevation of MDA content of hepatocytes and AST level in supernatant of cultural hepatocytes,and the loss of GSH content and GSHpx activity induced by CCl4 were restored remarkably by TEA(5～80 mg?L-1);(2)The elevation of ALT level in the supernatant of hepatocytes and MDA content of hepatocytes, and the loss of GSH content and GSHpx activity induced by H2O2 were improved significantly by TEA(5～80 mg?L-1) treatment.Conclusion The results suggest that TEA possess direct protective action on primary hepatocyte in vitro injured by CCl4 or H2O2. These might be associated with its anti-oxidative activity.

Adolescent ; Child ; Electromyography ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Stomach ; physiology

OBJECTIVE:To introduce the Fair PharmaCare program of BC Canada for the reference of the reform of China's medical insurance system.METHODS:The running procedure of Fair PharmaCare program of BC Canada was introduced in detail and its characteristics were analyzed.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:Fair PharmaCare program covers all BC residents and protects them against economic difficulties in pharmacare.The program serves as a reference for the reform of China's medical insurance system.

With the frequent culture communication between china and Japan, YanQi theory of TCM spread to Japan and exerted an influence on Japanese medicine. From the volume of"YunQi" in "The literature investigation of TCM", we can tell YunQi theory occupied a major position in the Japanese medical literatures which spread from china. The primary books of YunQi edited by Japanese scholars reveal Japanese doctors are apt to use this theory to promote their clinical practice. The accordant cognition of Chinese and Japanese scholars is that Japanese doctors accept the value of YunQi theory and beware of it's deficiency in clinic.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of early rehabilitation and insulin treatment on acute cerebral infarction. Methods160 cases with acute cerebral infarction (without diabetes and the serum glucose were all above 6.7 mmol/L) were divided into treatment group and control group. Each case of both groups was treated with routine treatment, and those in the treatment group were treated with insulin instantly and early rehabilitation in the first day after onset when physical signs were stable and conditions didn't deteriorate. They were assessed with Neurological Impairment, Fugl-Meyer Assessment and Barthel Index 4 weeks after treatment. ResultsCompared with the control group, the neurological function improved obviously in the treated group (P＜0.05). ConclusionEarly rehabilitation and insulin treatment can improve neurological function and the activity of daily living.

Objective To evaluate a new suture coil in endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Methods Data of 15 patients with early gastrointestinal cancer undergoing ESD were retrospectively ana?lyzed. The edge of the lesion was pulled up by the new coil?assisted suture for the submucosal layer to be full?y revealed, then the submucosa were dissected,and the wound was stitched by suture coil. The success rate and complications were evaluated. Results The lesions were successfully resected in 15 patients. By pull?up, the submucosal blood vessels were completely revealed. No intraoperative uncontrollable bleeding oc?curred. Small perforation occurred in one patient, and was well stitched by the suture coil. The pull?ups were successfully completed in all patients, and the operation time was 5?10 min. The intraoperative slippage of fixed titanium clips occurred in two cases. All the wounds were stitched. Minor bleeding happened in 1 pa?tient, and was controlled by hemostatic clip. Conclusion The new suture coil is easy to use,and can effec?tively prevent and deal with the occurrence of intraoperative and postoperative ESD?related complications.

MicroRNAs(miRNAs)are a group of non-coding RNA molecules having modulating function,and as a post transcriptional modulating factor is involved in the modulation of expression of eukaryotic genes. Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a chronic non-specific intestinal inflammatory disease and its etiology has not yet been fully clarified. Recent studies have shown that circulating miRNAs were specifically expressed in patients with IBD. This article reviewed the advances in studies on circulating miRNAs and IBD.

The genus Scilla consists of 90 species widely distributed in Europe, Asia and Africa, one and its variant of which can be found in China Some species of the genus have been used in traditional medicine to treat various diseases related to inflammation and pain. Phytochemical studies have demonstrated the presence of triterpene and tritepenoid saponins derived from eucosterol, bufadienolides, alkaloids, stilbenoids and lignan in the plants of this genus. Various bioactivities such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-tumor and glycosidase inhibitory activities, have been reported. In this review, the advance of chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of the Scilla species are summarized for further development and utilization of the resource.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Scilla ; chemistry

Mian-Zao-Er was collected from the bulbs of Scilla scilloides (Lindl. ) Druce, belonging to the Hyacinthaceae family. 17 compounds were obtained using various column chromatographies on macroporus resin (HPD100), silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and ODS, as well as semi-preparative HPLC. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectral data as 2-hydroxy-7-methoxyscillascillin (1), scillascillin (2), 5,7-dihydroxy-3',4'-dimethoxyspiro 2H-1-benzopyran-7'-bicyclo[4.2.0 ] octa [1,3,5 ] -trien } -4-one (3), socialinone (4), 4-methylresveratrol (5), (E)-resveratrol (6), scillavoneA (7), 3,9-di- hydroeucomnalin (8), 3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzyl) -5,7-dihydroxychroman-4-one (9), (3R)-5,7,3'-trihydroxy-4'-methoxyspiro (2H-1-benzopyran-7'-bicyclo[4, 2, 0] octa [1, 3, 5]-trien} -4-one (10), scillabene A (11), 2-hydroxyscillascillin (12), 3-(4-hydroxybenzyl) -5,7-dihydroxychroman-4-one (13), 3-( 4-hydroxybenzylidene) -5, 7-dihydroxychroman-4-one (14), 3-( 4-hydroxybenzyl) -5-hydroxy-7,8-dimethoxychroman-4-one (15), 3-(4-hydroxybenzyl) -5-hydroxy-6, 7-dimethoxychroman-4-one (16), and 3-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-5,8-hydroxy-7-methoxychroman-4-one (17). Among them, compounds 3, 4, 6, 9, 13 and 15-17 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Flowers ; chemistry ; Isoflavones ; chemistry ; Mass Spectrometry ; Molecular Structure ; Scilla ; chemistry ; Stilbenes ; chemistry

Objective To investigate the role of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein-serine-threonine kinases(Akt) signal transduction pathway in EphB receptor-mediated neuropathic pain in rats.Methods Forty-eight pathogen-free male SD rats aged 2-3 months weighing 150-180 g were randomly divided into 6 groups (n =8 each):groups sham operation (groups S1 and S2 ); groups chronic constrictive injury (CCI) (groups C1and C2 ) and groups EphBI-Fc (EphB receptor antagonist) + CCI (groups E1 and E2 ).Neuropathic pain was induced by placing 4 ligatures on left sciatic nerve at 1 mm intervals with 5-0 silk thread in groups C1,C2,E1 and E2.EphBI-Fc 0.5 μg in 5 μl normal saline was injected intrathecally 1 h before operation and at 1 and 2 d after operation (group E1 ) or on 5th day after operation (group E2).Normal saline 5 μl was injected intrathecally instead of EphBI-Fc 1 h before operation and at 1 and 2 days after operation (groups S1 and C1 ) or on 5th day after operation (groups S2 and C2 ).Pain withdrawal latency to noxious thermal stimulation (PWL) and pain withdrawal threshold to noxious mechanical stimulation (PWT) were measured before operation and at 1,3 and 5 d after operation.The animals were sacrificed at 5 d after operation after measurement of pain threshold.The lumbar segment of spinal cord (L4-6) was removed for determination of c-Fos,PI3K and phosphorylated Akt(p-Akt) expression.Results CCI significantly reduced PWL and PWT and up-regulated spinal c-Fos,PI3K and p-Akt expression in groups C1 and C2 as compared with groups S1 and S2.EphB1-Fc significantly decreased hyperalgesia and the upregulated spinal Fos,PI3K and p-Akt protein expression induced by CCI in groups E1 and E2 as compared with groups C1 and C2.Conclusion Spinal EphB receptor is involved in the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain through PI3K/Akt signal transduction pathway.