Anti-Bacterial Agents ; adverse effects ; Child, Preschool ; Clindamycin ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Paraplegia ; chemically induced

Age Factors ; Child ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Prader-Willi Syndrome ; diagnosis ; genetics ; therapy ; Prognosis ; Treatment Outcome

Antibodies, Antiphospholipid ; immunology ; therapeutic use ; Antiphospholipid Syndrome ; diagnosis ; immunology ; therapy ; Child ; Humans

OBJECTIVE:To approach the correlations of carbamazepine concentration in serum with clinical therapeutic effect,dosage,sex,age and body weight in epileptic children.METHODS:158 monitoring records for serum concentration of carbamazepine in children with epilepsy in our clinical pharmacy department were consulted retrospectively.Data such as serum concentration,sex and age were recorded into data base and were analyzed using SPSS 13.0 software.RESULTS:No significant correlation was noted between serum concentration of carbamazepine in epileptic children and sex.However,serum concentration of carbamazepine was closely correlated with clinical therapeutic effect,dosage,age and body weight.CONCLUSION:The individual difference in the metabolic processes of carbamazepine was concerned with age and body weight,so it's necessary to make individualized regime according to child's specific condition and monitoring results.

Castleman Disease ; complications ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Paraneoplastic Syndromes ; complications ; Pemphigus ; complications

Carbazoles ; therapeutic use ; Child, Preschool ; Heart Failure ; complications ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Male ; Propanolamines ; therapeutic use ; Takayasu Arteritis ; complications ; drug therapy ; Vasodilator Agents ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVE:To probe into the pediatric drug counseling service and the characteristics of adverse drug reactions (ADR). METHODS:The telephone records of drug consultation from Feb. 2006 to Apr. 2008 in our hospital were statistically analyzed and the problems related to adverse drug reactions were classified. RESULTS:Among the 542 cases of drug consulting telephone records,the top 3 consulting questions were the usage and dosage of drugs (29.15%),recommendation and choice of drugs (13.28%) and drug interactions (10.52%). Of which,41 cases of ADR problems were about the use of antibacterials and Chinese traditional patent drugs. The most common manifestation of ADR was the lesion of digestive system. CONCLUSION:Drug consulting telephone service can not only enhance children patients' medication compliance and promote rational use of drugs but also improve the learning of clinical pharmacists.

The formulation for sustained release tablet of Epinedium component was selected and the evaluation equation of in vitro release was established. The liquidity of component was improved with the help of colloidal silica aided by spray drying, which would be the main drug in the sustained release tablets. Dissolution was selected as an evaluation index to investigate skeletal material type, fillers, impact porogen, lubricants and other materials on the quality of sustained release tablet. The sustained release tablets were prepared by dry compression. Formulation of sustained release preparations was main drug 35%, HPMC K(4M) 20% and HPMC K(15M) 10% as skeleton material, MCC 31% as filler, PEG6000 2% as porogen and magnesium stearate 2% as lubricant. The sustained release tablets released up to 80% in 8 h. The zero order equation, primary equation and Higuchi equation could simulate the release characteristics of sustained release tablets in vitro, the correlation coefficients r were larger than 0.96. The primary equation was most similar in vitro release characteristics and its correlation coefficient r was 0.9950. The preparation method is simple and the results of formulation selection are reliable. It can be used to guide the production of Epimedium component sustained release preparations.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Epimedium ; chemistry ; Kinetics ; Tablets ; chemistry

Culture environment is the key factor in the construction of dermal skin.It was investigated that the effects of the culture methods,including the static culture and spinner flask culture,and stir speeds on the cells proliferation,metabolism and distribution within collagenchitosan sponges.A higher cell density and specific growth rate was obtained with spinner flask culture versus static culture,especially,the 80 r/min spinner flask culture.The cell distribution in dermal substitutes from stirred culture system was more uniform than static culture,as well as that with increase of stir speeds in spinner flask.In summary,the spinner flasks culture with proper stir speed shows promise for the construction of dermal substitutes in vitro.

Objective To establish normal reference ranges of Z-score of coronary sinus CS diameter in normal fetuses and to explore the diagnostic value of CS Z-score in fetuses with persistent left superior vena cava PLSVC Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study of 227 singleton normal fetuses and 30 fetuses with PLSVC were involved Non-cardiac biometrical parameters included biparietal diameter BPD femoral length FL heart area HA and an assessment of gestation age GA based on menstrual age GA Systolic diameter of CS CSDs and diastolic diameter of CS CSDd were measured at the end of systole and diastole CSDs and CSDd Z-score models were constructed by linear regression analysis with GA FL HA and BPD as independent variables Subsequently Z-scores between normal fetuses and fetuses with PLSVC were compared Results Correlations between fetal CSDs and CSDd and four independent variables BPD FL HA and GA were excellent GA had close correlation with CSDs and CSDd CSDd Z-score= the actual measurement of CSDd- prediction of CSDd based on GA BPD FL or HA SD forecast CSDd CSDs Z-score= actual measurement CSDs-prediction CSDs based on GA BPD FL or HA SD forecast CSDs Normal reference value of CSDd and CSDs in 227 normal fetuses could be predicted as followings with GA as independent variable CSDd and CSDs were 0 139 ~ 0 3 19 cm and 0 046~0 166 cm respectively For BPD CSDd and CSDs were 0 128 ~0 303 cm and 0 040~0 1 59 cm respectively For FL CSDd and CSDs were 0 135~0 307 cm and 0 046~0 164 cm respectively For HA CSDd 0 1 57~ 0 323 cm and CSDs 0 059 ~ 0 1 75 cm respectively With GA as independent variable CSDd Z-score and CSDs Z-score were -0 906~1 256 and -0 920~0 895 respectively For BPD CSDd Z-score and CSDs Z-score were -1 168~1 196 and -0 864~0 899 respectively For FL CSDd Z-score and CSDs Z-score were -1 478~ 1 546 and -1 297~ 1 3 10 respectively For HA CSDd Z-score and CSDs Z-score were -0 832 ~ 0 610 and -0 619 ~ 0 688 respectively CSD Z-scores of 30 PLSVC fetuses as followings with GA as independent variable CSDd Z-score and CSDs Z-score were 5 263 ~ 1 1 659 and 2 846~9 923 respectively For BPD CSDd Z-score and CSDs Z-score were 4 469 ~ 1 1 000 and 2 3 10 ~9 1 14 respectively For FL CSDd Z-score and CSDs Z-score were 5 473 ~ 13 056 and 3 234 ~ 13 135 respectively For HA CSDd Z-score and CSDs Z-score were 1 922~5 701 and 1 359~5 723 respectively Z-scores of PLSVC fetuses were far away from the normals Conclusions Development of normal fetal CSDs and CSDd Z-score reference ranges is realized The CSDs and CSDd Z-scores can provide quantitative evidence in prenatal diagnosis of PLSV.