To prepare simvastatin nanostructured lipid carriers ( simvastatin-NLCs) . Methods:The simvastatin-NLCs were prepared by melt-emulsion ultrasonication and low temperature-solidification methods. Using the particle size, polydispersion in-dex, encapsulation efficiency and drug loading as the idices, the ratio of solid to liquid, lipid concentration, ratio of surfactant to cosur-factant, emulsifier concentration and drug concentration were optimized. The optimized simvastatin-NLCs were characterized for the en-capsulation efficiency, particle size, zeta potential and morphology. In vitro drug release behavior and stability of NLCs were also stud-ied. Results:The optimized simvastatin-NLCs formula was as follows:the concentration of simvastatin, cetyl palmitate, Miglyol? 812, soy lecithin and solutol HS15? was 0. 5%, 1. 5%, 4. 5%, 2. 5% and 1. 5%, respectively. The particle size and zeta potential of NLCs was (102. 2 ± 42. 1) nm and ( -33. 1 ± 4. 1) mV, respectively. The simvastatin-NLCs were found to be small and spherical with smooth surface under a transmission electron microscope. The in vitro release profile indicated that the accumulated release of sim-vastatin reached up to (59. 1 ± 4. 8) % in 24 h. The stability studies showed that simvastatin-NLCs were stable in 3 months after stored at 5℃. Conclusion:The formula of simvastatin-NLCs prepared by melt-emulsion ultrasonication and low temperature-solidifica-tion method is feasible.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ; therapy

Objective To investigate the metabolic changes in the visual cortex due to visual stimulation using high field functional proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 7.0 T.A clear picture of brain metabolism and neurotransmitter activity during activation was expected to be established.Methods Nine healthy subjects participated in this study. All MR measurements were acquired using a 7.0 T MR system and a 16-channel SENSE head coil. An initial fMRI scan was performed prior to spectroscopic acquisition in order to determine the activated region in the visual cortex.A cubic ROI of 2 cm× 2 cm × 2 cm was positioned inside the activated region for functional MRS acquisition.A short TE STEAM sequence was used for acquiring the MRS data. The functional paradigm comprised 6.6 min baseline followed by 13.2 min of visual stimulation and 19.8 min recovery.Summed averaged spectra for visual stimulus off and visual stimulus on were analyzed separately using LC Model and internal reference of water. A Wilcoxon signed rank test was conducted to compare the metabolite changes. ResultsDuring stimulation,concentration in Asp [ ( 3.20 ± 0.28 ) μmol/g ],Gln [ ( 2.07 ± 0.10 ) μmol/g ] and Gly [ ( 1.65 ± 0.11 )μmol/g ] was found to be significantly decreased,compared with that of ( 3.52 ± 0.28 ),( 2.25 ± 0.10 ) and ( 1.85 ± 0.11 ) μmol/g in rest ( Z =- 2.073,- 2.073 and - 2.429,respectively,P ＜ 0.05 ).The level in Glu [ ( 11.50 ± 0.11 ) μmol/g],GSH[ (2.45 ± 0.10) μmol/g] and Lac[ (0.89 ± 0.05) μ.mol/g]due to neuronal activation was found to be significantly increased,versus resting concentration of ( 11.28 ± 0.11 ),( 2.28 ± 0.10 ) and (0.79 ± 0.05 ) μmol/g,respectively ( Z =2.521,2.310,2.016,respectively,P ＜0.05).Glc level [ (1.54 ± 0.23 )μmol/g] exhibited a tendency to decrease throughout the period of stimulation,compared with that of [ (1.78 ± 0.28 ) μmol/g ] in rest,but the decrease did not reach statistical significance (Z =- 1.897,P ＞ 0.05 ).ConclusionsUsing a novel visual stimulation paradigm and 1 H MRS at 7.0 T and LC Model,the metabolic response to activation have been able to be observed.The observed changes of Asp,Glc and Lac concentrations in response to visual stimulation suggests that sustained neuronal activation raises oxidative metabolism to a new steady state.The observation of increased Glu with decreased Gln during stimulation can be interpreted as a stimulus driven increase in excitatory neurotransmitter cycling.The elevated GSH in the visual cortex in response to visual stimulation is a new observation.Possible explanations for this include detoxification of reactive oxygen species.

Objective To investigate the effect of esomeprazole combined with quinolones in the treatment of Hp positive gastric ulcer in patients in serum inflammatory factors.Methods 90 cases of Hp positive gastric ulcer were selected and randomly divided into two groups, the control group received omeprazole based triple therapy, the experiment group received esomeprazole plus quinolone based triple therapy,two groups were treated for 14 days.Gastric function, inflammatory factors and related indexes were detected by blood and the clinical effect were compared after the treatment .Results Compared with before treatment,scores of abdominal pain, abdominal distension, belching, acid reflux symptom decreased in two groups after treatment, levels of GAS, PG I and PG II decreased,levels of CRP,IL-1,IL-6 decreased,levels of TNF-β1 decreased, and the levels of α-resistin increased (P<0.05).Compared with the control group after the treatment, scores of abdominal pain, abdominal distension, belching, acid reflux symptom in the experiment group were lower, levels of GAS,PG I and PG II were lower,levels of CRP,IL-1,IL-6 were lower, levels of TNF-β1 were lower, and levels of α-resistin were higher (P<0.05).The negative rate in the experiment group 91.11%was higher than the control group 71.11%(P<0.05),and the effective rate in the experiment group 91.11%was higher than the control group 73.33%( P<0.05 ) .Conclusion Esomeprazole combined with quinolones in the treatment of Hp positive gastric ulcer was effective ,and it reduce inflammation,improve gastric function.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Ventricular Premature Complexes ; therapy

Objective To evaluate the effect of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) on hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) and pregnancy ending.Methods 27 cases of HG were treated with TPN and 30 cases with the routine infusion to adjust water electrolyte and acid base balance for the purpose of observation of vomiting stopping,time of turning ketonic negative and pregnancy ending.Results After 3 day treatment with TPN,stopping vomiting rate was 55.6%,time of turning ketonic negative was (3.1?0.84) days and neonatal weight was (3.4?0.38) kg,which was 13.3%,(5.2? 1.06) days and (2.9?0.45) kg respectively in control group.There was significant difference between the two groups (P

Errors in prescriptions are common phenomena in prescriptions produced by clinicians. With development and application of information technology in medical fields, electronic prescription system has been regarded as the best resolution for effective prevention of errors in prescriptions. A retrospective study of the prescriptions made by the electronic prescription system of the hospital studied over one year showed that this system could reduce errors easily made in manual prescriptions significantly, but it failed to reduce the errors related to dosages. Those dosage-related errors were mainly caused by change of physician prescribing behavior and defective man-machine interaction. Electronic prescription system, though functions basically, can not avoid prescription errors effectively, which poses a potential threat to safe use of medicines in patients. It is urgent at the moment to perfect the functions of electronic prescription system, promote a friendly man-machine interaction and reduce errors made by system errors.

Traditional teaching mode of biochemistry experiment couldn’t satisfy the demand of cultivating creative medical talents in new era. Offering designing experiment is the developing direction of experiment teaching reforms. But in the practice,there are various of obstacles which prevent the reforming process.

Objective To evaluate non operative and simple operative managements of the calcaneal fractures. Methods 97 patients with calcaneal fractures were treated by non operative management or percutaneous reduction with wires or screw fixation from April 1997 to December 2001 in our department. They were followed up for more than 2 years. 64 patients were treated with non operation, 27 were fixed with wires and 6 with screws. Results 23 patients had excellent results, 67 good, 5 fair and 2 poor. The total good and excellent rate was 92.7%. 2 patients experienced secondary arthrodesis 1 year after injury. Conclusion Although the calcaneal fractures can be treated satisfactorily with non operative management or percutaneous reduction with wires or screws fixation, further prospective and comparative studies should be done in clinic to determine whether the calcaneal fractures should be treated with open reduction and fixation or with simple operative management.

Objective To analyze the clinical and immunological manifestations of antiphospholipid syndrome(APS)in a cohort of 100 patients.Methods The clinical and serologic features of APS(Sapporo preliminary criteria)in 100 patients were analyzed retrospectively.Results The cohort consisted of 79 female patients and 21 male patients witb a mean age of 36?13 years at diagnosis.Primary APS was presented in 37% of patients;APS was secondary to systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)in 46%,lupus-like syndrome in 14%. Eighty percent of the patients had thrombosis,43(54%)patients had venous thrombosis,18(22%)had arterial thrombosis,15(19%)had both arterial and venous thrombosis.4(5%)had thrombosis of microcirculation. Forty-two(52%)patients presented thrombosis at a single site,26(32%)at two sites,12(15%)at three or more sites.Forty-five(56%)patients experienced one thrombotic episode,20(25%)patients had only one re- currence,and 15(19%)had more thrombosis.The most common manifestations of thrombosis were deep vein thrombosis(36%),pulmonary embolism(30%)and stroke(26%),with heart,kidney,gastrointestinal tract and other organs involvements.Thirty-four(51%)female patients had spontaneous fetal losses including intrauter- ine fetus death and recurrent spontaneous abortion.Seventy-one(71%)patients developed thromboeytopenia. The presence of antieardiolipin antibody(ACL)was detected in 84 patients(84%).Among 90 patients with APS,alone ACL was detected in 38 patients(42%),both ACL and lupus anticoagulant(LA)were detected in 36(40%),LA alone in 16(18%).Patients with APS associated with SLE or lupus-like syndrome had higher frequency of arthritis,leukopenia,antinuclear antibodies(ANA)and low complement levels.Female patients had a higher frequency of leukopenia,ANA and ACL.Male patients had a higher prevalence of deep venous thrombosis in the lower limbs and LA.Conclusion APS is an autoimmune disorder characterized by recurrent arterial and venous thrombosis,fetal loss,or thrombocytopenia with the presence of ACL and/or LA.In APS secondary to with SLE,the patient's sex can modify the disease expression and define specific subsets of APS.