This essay is to present an improvement on the concentration assay for sodium chloride in bicarbonate dialysate.
Bicarbonates ; analysis ; chemistry ; Dialysis Solutions ; analysis ; chemistry ; Sodium Chloride ; analysis

Objective To explore the function of high-intensity focused ultrasound in the treatment of allergic rhinitis.Methods To treat 46 patients who have allergic rhinitis for a long time with the instrument of CZB high-intensity focused ultrasound. Results We made a follow-up visit for 3 momths after the surgery,the symptom of stuffy nose van- ished from the 46 patients who were treated with the high-intensity focused ultrasound,and they haven't appeared sneezes again. Only 6 patieats have a little dear nasal mucus in the early morning. They don't have any complication and the se- quda. Conclusion The trearment with high-intensity focused ultrasound has the actual effect. Under reasonable therapeutic dose,the patients does not have the complication,and it is easy to do,it is really a kind of physical therapy method that can be promoted.

Objectives To investigate the parmacokinetic characteristics of Meropenem used during the shock phase of severely burned patients. Methods The concentration of Meropenem in the plasma, blister and urine of 11 burn patients during the shock phase (S group) were determined by high performance liquid chromatography after the iv injection of Meropenem. Pharmacokinetic parameters were thus produced by 3P97 software. 6 healthy volunteers served as control group (C group). The t test was used to analyze difference between pharmacokinetic parameters of burned patients and healthy volunteers. Results Compared to those in control group, pharmacokinetic parameters of Meropenem in S group showed significant difference, such as prolonged elimination half-life (t1/2?):[(2 29?0 54)h vs (1 34?0 16)h] and decreased clearance(CLs): [(11 34?3 08)L? h-1 vs (18 76?4 60)L?h -1 ], and enlarged area under the serum concentration versus time curve(AUC):[(47 85?16 15)?g?h?ml -1 vs (27 54?10 76)?g?h?ml -1 ]. Conclusions Meropenem at the dose 500mg iv 3/d can show good activity (both in plasma and wound tissues)against most of pathogens which are common in burn clinic. The intervals should be prolonged when maximum dosage of Meropenem was administered in burn patients during the shock phases.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of serum procalcitonin (PCT) in the diagnosis of bacte-rial infections in the critically ill patients. Methods A loud d 100 cases of critical patients were divided into bacteri-al infection group(56 cases) and non-bacterial infection group(44 cases). Serum PCT was measured by immunolu-minometric assay. Results The concentration of PCT in bacterial infection group(21.54 ±5.72) μg/L, was signifi-cantly higher than non-bacterial infection group (11. 95±4. 58)μg/L (t =2.291,P<0.05);The APACHE Ⅲ score of bacterial infection group(62. 44 ± 19. 55) cent was significantly higher than non-bacterial infection group(44. 56 ± 25. 88) cent(t = 2. 195 ,P < 0. 05). The concentration of PCT of 1.0μg/L and 2. 0 p.g/L compared to the former sensitivity (96. 5) % higher than the latter (55.2) % (X2 = 3. 94, P < 0. 05), the former specificity (41.7) % lower than the latter (95.8)% (X2 = 4. 02 ,P < 0. 05);1.5μg/L as a positive standard Youden index and the Agreement (83.0 % ,0. 65), were significantly higher than 1 μg/L and 2 μg/L(71.7%, 0. 38 ;73.6% ,0. 51) (X2 = 3.84, X2=3. 90,X2 = 3.992 = 3.91 ,P < 0. 05);The concentration of PCT in death group (38. 9 ±12. 6)μg/L was signifi-canfly higher than the survival group(11.8± 8. 3) μg/L(t =2. 398 ,P <0. 05). Conclusion Serum PCT has clinical values in the diagnosis and therapy of bacterial infections in the critical patients.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of intratracheal injection of pulmonary surfactant (LISA) combined with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Methods The databases of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, Weipu Database and China Biology Medicine disc (CBM) were searched, and all of the randomized controlled trial of LISA combined with CPAP for treatment of RDS were included. RevMan 5.2 was used to perform meta-analysis. The differences of mortality, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), and other complications between LISA group and control group were compared in <34 weeks gestational age preterm infants with RDS. Results Five randomized controlled trials were included with 759 infants in total. Compared with control group, the rate of mechanical ventilation (RR: 0.32,95% CI: 0.13-0.82) and the incidence of BPD (RR: 0.61,95%CI: 0.42-0.88) were significantly decreased in LISA group. There were no differences in mortality and the incidences of ROP, IVH, and PVL between two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion The mechanical ventilation and the incidence of BPD is significantly reduced in the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome by LISA, but it has no effect on the incidences of other complications and mortality.

Objective To investigate the necessity to test the hearing of patients whose initial symptom is tinnitus with pure tone audiometer. Methods To analyze the results of pure tone audiometer of 218 tinnitus patients.Results Among 218 cases of tinnitus patients,a total of 123 patients with abnormal hearing,among 95 cases of patients with normal hearing, except for 50 cases of tinnitus, no other cause of disease. Conclusion Among the normal hearing tinnitus patients, we should do further hearing test for them if they are not identified a clear cause of disease,such as auditory brainstem response,otoacoustic emission and other necessary checks to clear the reasons for tinnitus or the position of the unusual auditory system. It is important for early diagnosis and treatment of tinnitus. But the pure-tone audiometer should be a routine examination when tinnitus patients come for the first visit.

Objective To investigate whether nimodipine could reduce complications after microvascular decompression in patients with hemifacial spasm. Methods 220 patients with hemifacial spasm , admitted into our hospital from May 2011 to Oct. 2013 , were all treated by microvascular decompression. They were divided randomly into two groups. Patients in the treatment group were treated with nimotop 50 mg/d after the operation for the first 3 days, then was orally taken 30 mg/d for a week. Patients in the control group were treated with the same after the operation without nimodipine. The postoperative complications including hearing deficit and peripheral facial paralysis were closely observed within three months after operation. Results The total effective rate was 100% in both groups. The incidence rate of peripheral facial paralysis and hearing deficit in treatment group was significant lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Nimodipine has significant effect on reducing the incidence rate of peripheral facial paralysis and hearing deficit after microvascular decompression in patients with hemifacial spasm.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of virtual touch tissue quantification (VTQ) for nonpalpable breast masses.Methods Two hundred and one nonpalpable breast masses in 176 women who had been scheduled for a sonographically guided core biopsy or operation were examined with the B-mode sonography and VTQ.The pathologic diagnosis was used as the golden standard.The diagnostic performances of the two methods were evaluated with receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC).Results The mean shear wave velocity (SWV) measurement values were (6.17 ± 1.95)m/s in malignant masses and (3.39± 1.82)m/s in benign masses(P ＜0.01),respectively.The area under the ROC curve was 0.789 for the VTQ and 0.840 for the BI-RADS-US,respectively.No statistically difference was found between them.The area under the ROC curve of the combination of the two methods was 0.934,the diagnostic performance of the combination was better than that of BLRADS-US(P ＜0.01)and VTQ alone (P ＜0.01).Conclusions VTQ is a good method for diagnosing nonpalpable breast lesions.The combination of BI-RADS-US and VTQ has better diagnostic perform ance for differentiation of nonpalpable breast lesions,which has important value in clinical application.

Objective To review the HPV infection status of the females in Shantou in the past years.Methods 3 664 speci-mens of cervical exfoliated cells of the female patients with gynecological disease from 2013 to 2014 were selected to ampli-fied HPV gene and conducted genetypes detection.The infection rate and various subtypes of HPV were analyzed.All these patients were divided into 5 groups according to their ages and the infection status of each group were also discussed.Results 805 patients were infected with HPV (22%,805/3 664).The single infection type and the mixed infection type were both visible,HPV-16 was the most common single infection type,followed by subtypes HPV-52,43,58 and 56.HPV16+52 was the most common mixed infection type,followed by HPV16+33 and HPV43+52.The infection rates of the each group were differences (χ2 =27.08,P < 0.01),No.1 (> 25),No.2 (25 ~ 34)and No.5 group (< 55)were the high-risk groups of HPV infection.Conclusion The main genotypes of these women whose infection with HPV were HPV-16,52,43,58 and 56 in Shantou region,respectively.The females aged less than 35 years old and more than 55 years old both had high-risk for HPV infection.It has important significance to developed the vaccines which can efficiently prevent HPV-16,52,43,58,56 and reduce the cervical cancer incidence.

Objective To explore the association between the level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)in gastric cancer patients’ serum or the relative expression of LDH in their tissues and the patients’prognosis.Methods 60 specimens of gastric canc-er patients who confirmed by pathological diagnosis were collected from 2012 to 2013,include the serum specimens and tis-sue specimens.Their serum level of LDH were detected,and the relative expressions level of LDH in the sample of normal tissues,gastric cancer tissues and metastatic lymph nodes were quantify by real-time fluorescence quantitative reverse tran-scription-PCR (Realtime-PCR).Finally,the relationship between the expression of LDH and clinical pathologic features were analyzed by independent t-test or anova statistics.Results The serum level of LDH was highly increased than control group (340.89±10.67 IU/ml,t=24.7,P<0.01);the relative gene expression of LDH in normal tissue,human gastric cancer and metastatic lymph node were 1.0,3.39 and 2.35.The result suggests the serum level of LDH were associated with pTNM stage and lymph node metastases (t=5.2,4.8,P<0.01).The relative gene expression of LDH in gastric canc-er tissues were associated with tumor sizes,pTNM stage and lymph node metastases (t=18.2,15.3,P<0.01 and F=7.2, P<0.01).Conclusion The serum LDH level and the expression of LDH in cancer tissue were significantly increased,and their expression were correlated with the patient’s prognosis.The serum level of LDH and the expression of LDH in gastric cancer tissue may be potential indicator to evaluated the prognosis of the patient with gastric cancer.