To explore the risk factors of acute kidney injury(AKI)in adult primary nephrotic syndrome(PNS). Totally 185 patients with PNS were divided into AKI group(=51)and non-AKI group(=134).The demographic data and clinical and histological features at admission were compared between the two groups.The independent risk factors for AKI were evaluated by Logistics regression analysis. In 51 PNS patients with AKI,the common pathological types of AKI included minor glomerular abnormalities(29.4%),IgA nephropathy(25.5%),and membranous nephropathy(17.6%).The incidences of renal tubular casts and epithelial vacuoles in the AKI group were significantly higher than those in the non-AKI group(=0.004,=0.030).Males were more likely to suffer from AKI than females(=0.000).Patients in AKI group had significantly lower albumin level(=0.015)and higher levels of random urine protein,serum creatinine,uric acid,urea nitrogen,and triglyceride than non-AKI group(=0.030,=0.000,=0.000,=0.000,and =0.006),and polyserous and oliguria occurred more often in the AKI group(=0.000,=0.002).The AKI group had significantly higher incidences of high blood pressure and infections(=0.035,=0.000).Multivariate logistics regression analysis showed albumin(<25 g/L),serum creatinine(>96 μmol/L),urea nitrogen(≥6.8 mmol/L),uric acid(≥400 μmol/L),diabetes,infection,and renal tubular casts were the independent risk factors for AKI. AKI complicating PNS is associated with a variety of factors.Its independent risk factors include the levles of albumin,serum creatinine,urea nitrogen,and uric acid,diabetes,infections,and renal tubular casts.
Acute Kidney Injury ; etiology ; Adult ; Creatinine ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney ; Male ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; complications ; Risk Factors

Experiment examination plays an important role in evaluation of clinical microbiology experiment teaching.Standardized experiment examination system of clinical microbiology is a fair,objective and scientific assessment of students' learning effect and an important mean to evaluate teaching quality.The standardized experimental evaluation system includes organization,standardized examination contents,standardized procedures and operations,standardized invigilation and record,standardized scoring criteria,correction and prevention measures.

Aim To explore the interaction between nitric oxide( NO) and hydrogen sulfide(H 2S) on the relaxation reactivity of pulmonary arteries in rats.Methods Seven male healthy rats were anaesthesed with chloral hydrate; the pulmonary artery of each rat was removed for the study. Th e reactivities of pulmonary artery rings in response to different doses of NO do nar-sodium nitroprusside(SNP) and H 2S donar-NaHS were measured in vitro.DL-propargylglycine(PPG)and N?-nitor-L-methyl ester(L-NAME) were provided to pulmonary artery, respectively;the relaxation reactivities of pulmonary artery were observed.Results The relaxation reactivities of pulmonary arteries showed a dose-dependent increase in response to different doses of SNP and H 2S.The relaxation reactivity to SNP decreased by PPG. The relaxation reactivity to H 2S decreased by L-NAME.Conclusion H 2S acted as a vasorelaxator either independently or accompanied with NO, SNP acted as a vasorelaxator either independently or accompanied with H 2S;the networ k of gastransmitter played an important role in the relaxation of pulmonary arte ries.

AIM: To isolate targeted the peptides that binding and internalizing into endometrial carcinoma cell line EAC. METHODS: The tumor cells were screened five rounds of whole cell screen through the Ph.D.-12 phage display library. Analysis of the displayed peptides specific binding efficiency to the tumor cells was proceeded. The DNA of phages was extracted, sequenced and translated to the sequences of amino acid and analysis using computer software. RESULTS: After five biopannings, the isolated phages showed high specificity and strong affinity for their cognate cell types relative to different cell lines. Through sequencing, the sequences of displayed peptides were obtained. CONCLUSIONS: Whole cell screening against EAC cells through random phage peptide library can obtain phage peptides with a highly tissue specific binding and internalizing ability. The peptides do provide a basis for tumor's targeted delivery as therapy vector.

Objective To estimate the prevalence and associated factors of adult female urinary incontinence in Hebei province. Methods Stratified and multistage sampling method was used, between January 2016 to May 2016, to investigate the target population in Hebei province. While, logistic regression was used to analyse datas. Results A population-based survey was conducted in 2 450 women in Hebei province, there were 2 408 effective questionnaires after deleting 48 invalid questionnaires. According to the results, the average age of subjects was (56±15) years old, and the urinary incontinence prevalence of adult female in Hebei province was 27.70%(667/2 408). Stress urinary incontinence, urge urinary incontinence and mixed urinary incontinence were diagnosed as 23.13%(557/2 408), 1.58%(38/2 408) and 2.99%(72/2 408), respectively. There were only 2.85% (19/667) urinary incontinence patients seeking medical help. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that age, daily water intake, pulmonary diseases, urinary tract infection, hypertension, chronic low back pain, dysmenorrhea, vaginitis, abortion, mode of delivery, postpartum infection were statistically significant (all P≤0.05). Among these factors, cesarean section was the protective factor for urinary incontinence (OR=0.365, 95%CI: 0.195-0.685, P<0.01). Conclusions The prevalence of urinary incontinence in adult female in Hebei province is high, and there are few patients seeking medical help. It is a common disorder in women and is associated with many factors;among these factors, cesarean section is the protective factor for urinary incontinence.

Objective To observe the changes of carotid intima-media thickness(CIMT) and vascular endothelia function in patients with geriatric carotid plaque before and after intensive lipid lowering was performed.Methods 102 patients diagnosed with carotid plaque were ramdomly divided into common group (atorvastatin 10 mg/d,n=48) and intensive lipid lowering group (atorvastatin 20 mg/d,n=54).After one year of treatment,the fasting venous blood total cholesterol (TC),low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),high density lipeprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) were assayed,and the thickest and thinnest CIMT and brachial arterial.endothelium dependent diastolic function (FMD) and carotid artery plaque index(PI) were measured by ultrasound.Results Two groups in the thickest CIMT and PI had no significant difference before and after treatment (P＞0.05).The levels of FMD,TC,LDL-C,TG and the thinnest CIMT had significant difference before and after therapy [common group:GIMT(0.85±0.20)mm,(0.83±0.22) mm,FMD(3.85±1.41)%,(7.91±1.05)%,TC(6.46±1.05) mmol/L,(4.82±1.26) mmol/L,LDL-C (4.71±1.00) mmol/L,(3.16±1.00) mmol/L,TG (1.55±0.45) mmol/L,(1.49±0.44) mmol/L;intensive lipid lowering group:CIMT(0.84±0.20) mm,(0.63±0.17) mm,FMD (3.74±1.38) %,(0.25±1.58)%,TC (6.36±1.06) mmol/L,(4.10±1.00) mmol/L,LDL-C (4.73±1.01) mmol/L、(2.28±1.26) mmol/L,TG (1.56±0.53) mmol/L,(1.50±0.49) mmol/L,P＜0.05].After one year's therapy,the difference in intensive lipid lowering group was more obvious than in common group (P＜0.05).Conclusions Intensive lipid lowering therapy is more effective to decrease TC,LDL-C and CIMT and to improve the vascular endothelia function.Atorvastatin is effective to stabilize the plaque and to retard the atheroscleresis development.

To explore the effect of advanced glycation end-products(AGEs)on cell viability and level of reactive oxygen species(ROS)in MIN6 cells. After intervention of various concentrations(100,200, and 400 mg/L)of AGEs for some time, cell viability was detected by MTT assay. 2', 7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate(DCFH-DA)was used as a reactive oxygen species capture agent. The fluorescent intensity of 2', 7'-dichlorofluorescein(DCF), which was the product of cellular oxidation of DCFH-DA, was detected by flow cytometry. The level of ROS and insulin secretion was thus measured. Viability of MIN6 cells was inhibited by AGEs in a dose and time dependent manner(P＜0.05).Intracellular fluorescent intensity of DCF was markedly elevated in the AGEs groups as compared with that in the control group(P＜0.05).Insulin secretion was decreased in the AGEs groups than that in the control group(P＞0.05). The results suggest that AGEs inhibit the viability and induce oxidative stress in MIN6 cells by overproduction of ROS.

The effects of tumor suppressor in lung cancer-1(TSLC1)upregulation on gene expressions involved in glucose and lipid metabolism in Hepa1-6 cells were investigated.The results showed that TSLC1 overexpression decreased fatty acid synthase and acetyl CoA carboxylase expressions(P<0.05 or P<0.01),increased adipose triglyceride lipase expression(P<0.05),and did not change hormone-sensitive lipase,glucose transporter (GLUT)1,and GLUT4 expressions.These results suggest that TSLC1 overexpression may promote lipolysis and inhibit adipogenesis in liver cells.

Objective To quantify dose variations of the parotid glands and spinal cord in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients during helical tomotherapy (HT) by using megavolt (MV) CT and planned adaptive application. Methods Five patients with advanced local-regional NPC were treated by HT with a prescription dose of 70 Gy in 35 fractions in primary tumor and involved lymph nodes. Daily MV CT scans were registered with the planning CT images. The parotid glands were re-contoured every 4 fractions to a total of 45 times, and location of the spinal cord were corrected by MVCT IGRT system every 2 fractions to a total of 85 times. The actual doses delivered to these organs were evaluated by using the planned adaptive application software of HT system. Results At the end of therapy, the mean volume of the parotid gland was decreased by 42% (left) and 33% (right) , respectively. The average V1 of the parotid was increased by 26. 0% (left) and 31.4% (right), and the D50 increased by 15. 8% (left) and 17. 3% (right), respectively. The average Dmax of the spinal cord was increased by 1.3%. Conclusions During HT, the parotid glands receive a higher actual dose due to the volume shrinkage, while the Dmax of the spinal cord changes little. By using adaptive radiation therapy technique, constant monitoring anatomic changes of organs at risk and selective replanning are necessary during radiation therapy for NPC.