OBJECTIVEThe aim of the present study is to explore the effects of exhaustive exercise-induced oxidative stress on the antioxidant capacity and diformability of rat red blood cells.

METHODSRats were divided into three group (n = 10): sedentary control (C), exhaustive running exercise (ERE) and moderate running exercise (MRE) groups. Animals in the ERE group started treadmill running at a speed of 20 m/min speed with a 5% gradient, and reached a speed of 25 m/min with gradient 15% in 20 min. Running was continued until exhaustion. MRE group rats running at a speed of 20 m/min with a 5% gradient for 40 min. The levels of free thiol in erythrocyte membrane protein, lipidperoxidation levels and membrane protein components were analyzed. The red blood cell deformability of different groups was also observed.

RESULTSThe results showed that red blood cells were damaged by severe oxidative stress and the anti-oxidative capacity decreased significantly under exhaustive exercise conditions. Besides, lipid peroxidation and protein sulfhydryl cross-link based clustering of membrane were found after exhaustive exercise, and polymers high molecular weight (HMW) was formed. The elongation index (EI) was found to decline significantly in the ERE group compared with the C and MRE groups under shear stress (control group, 0.41 +/- 0.01 at 3 Pa and 0.571 +/- 0.008 at 30 Pa; ERE group, 0.314 +/- 0.013 at 3 Pa and 0.534 +/- 0.009 at 30 Pa; P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively).

CONCLUSIONThese exercise-induced oxidative injure result in a significant decrease in deformability of rat erythrocytes, which in turn leads to dysfunction in the microcirculatory.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Erythrocyte Deformability ; Fatigue ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Male ; Oxidative Stress ; Physical Conditioning, Animal ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

This study was aimed to establish the thin layer chromatography (TLC) identification and content determination of Tibetan medicineJi-Ni De-Xie (JNDX). TLC was used to identifyBerberis kansuensisSchneid,Terminalia chebula Retz.,Phyllanthus emblicaandCurcuma LongaL. The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to determine the content of berberine hydrochloride. The results showed that the TLC identification had a good resolution with clear spots and no interference from the negative reference. The content of berberine hydrochloride showed a good linear relationship with the peak area in the range of 0.05-0.45 mg·mL-1. The regression equation wasY = 40 679X-130.56. The average recovery was 99.07%. It was concluded that the established method was easy to operate with good repeatability. It can effectively control the quality of Tibetan medicine JNDX.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Liver Cirrhosis, Biliary ; Mice

The rhizome of Panax japonicus var. major have been used as the natural medicinal agent by Chinese traditional doctors for more than thousand years. Most of the therapeutic effects of P. japonicus var. major had been reported due to the presence of tetracyclic or pentacyclic triterpene saponins. In this study, Illumina pair-end RNA-sequencing and de novo splicing were done in order to understand the pathway of triterpenoid saponins in this species. The valid reads data of 15. 6 Gb were obtained. The 62 240 unigenes were finally obtained by de novo splicing. After annotation, we discovered 19 unigenes involved in ginsenoside backbone biosynthesis. Additionally, 69 unigenes and 18 unigenes were predicted to have potential function of cytochrome P450 and UDP-glycosyltransferase based on the annotation results, which may encode enzymes responsible for ginsenoside backbone modification. This study provides global expressed datas for P. japonicus var. major, which will contribute significantly to further genome-wide research and analysis for this species.
Gene Expression Profiling ; Panax ; genetics ; Saponins ; biosynthesis ; Sequence Analysis, RNA

OBJECTIVERecent studies have found that the variation of G894T on the region of T786C and 7th exon promoted by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene is associated with cardiovascular disease. This research explored possible correlations between eNOS gene polymorphisms and orthostatic intolerance (OI) in children through linkage disequilibrium analysis between eNOS genes T786C and G894T and OI.

METHODSPCR, Macrorestriction Map and other molecular biotechnology were used to determine the genotypes of eNOS/T786C and G894T in 60 OI probands and their parents. Correlation analysis and transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) between T786C, G894T and OI were performed.

RESULTSThere was linkage disequilibrium of eNOS/T786C and G894T gene polymorphisms in the occurrence of childhood OI (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSeNOS genes T786C and G894T may be associated with the pathogenesis of OI.

Adult ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Male ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III ; genetics ; Orthostatic Intolerance ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical characteristics, surgical treatment and prognosis analysis of localized retroperitoneal Castleman disease (CD), and to improve the level of diagnosis and treatment of retroperitoneal Castleman disease with paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP).

METHODSThe clinical data of retroperitoneal CD with PNP from January 1993 to May 2009 were compared with CD without PNP retrospectively, including clinical features, tumor site, lab examination, surgical treatment, pathologic subtype and results of surgery.

RESULTS(1) Retroperitoneal Castleman disease more likely originated in para-kidney and iliac fossa with middle age of 36 years old, especially in left retroperitoneum. Of the 20 cases, 18 tumors (90%) were hyaline vascular variants and 2 were mixed variants. There was no statistical difference in gender, age, tumor site and pathological subtype between two groups. (2) Retroperitoneal CD with PNP more likely complicated with bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) and high level of serum CEA/CA242. (3) Retroperitoneal Castleman tumors had clear margin, intact envelop and were easily resectable, however the biological behavior of CD with PNP might tend malignant changing, invade adjacent blood vessel or seed locally, and eventually relapse after operation. (4) The 5-year survival rate of retroperitoneal CD with PNP was 42.8%, significantly lower than those without PNP. The average survival time was 30 months. Bronchiolitis obliterans and radical resection were the key effect in prognosis of retroperitoneal CD.

CONCLUSIONSRetroperitoneal CD with PNP has distinctive clinical features. Early diagnosis, prompt removal of tumor and termination secretion of causative antibody are critical to the management of this disease.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Castleman Disease ; complications ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Paraneoplastic Syndromes ; complications ; Pemphigus ; complications ; Prognosis ; Retroperitoneal Space ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the effects of separate and direct bee sting punctures at acupoints on ESR and RF in rheumatoid arthritis. Method Seventy-two patients with rheumatoid arthritis were randomized to observation and control groups, 36 cases each. The observation group received separate bee sting puncture at acupoints and the control group, direct bee sting puncture at acupoints. In both groups, treatment was given once every other day, three times a week, one week as a course, for two courses. ESR and RF were measured in the two groups before treatment and at one and two weeks after. Result ESR and RF changed significantly in both groups after treatment compared with before (P<0.05). The effects of the two treatments on rheumatoid arthritis-related ESR and RF were equal and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion Both separate and direct bee sting punctures at acupoints can reduce ESR and RF in rheumatoid arthritis. Separate bee sting puncture at acupoints is easy for the patients to accept.

OBJECTIVETo compare the protective activity of liver injury induced by D-galactosamine (GalN) between Huangqin-Tang and their metabolites by human intestinal bacteria(HIB).

METHODThe liver injuries in conventional and pseudo-germfree mice were induced by GalN. After oral administration of Huangqin-Tang and their metabolites mixtures by HIB, the serum transaminase (ALT and AST) activities were detected.

RESULTIn conventional mice, large and medium doses (20 and 10 g.kg-1) of Huangqin-Tang decoction significantly reduced the increase of serum ALT activity after 18 h GalN treatment. In pseudo-germfree mice, metabolites significantly reduced the ALT levels. However, Huangqing-Tang didn't affect the ALT levels in this kind of mice. To all of the animals, AST levels remained the same after oral Huangqin-tang or their metabolites.

CONCLUSIONThe metabolism by intestinal bacteria plays a role in pharmacological effects of constituents of Chinese herbal medicine. The metabolites of the constituents by intestinal bacteria were the real active components in vivo.

Administration, Oral ; Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; Animals ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; blood ; Bacteria ; metabolism ; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Galactosamine ; Intestines ; microbiology ; Liver Diseases ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Protective Agents ; metabolism ; pharmacology

The study was designed to explore the drug-drug interactions mechanisms mediated by OATP1B1 between traditional Chinese medicine Danshensu and rosuvastatin. First, the changes of rosuvastatin pharmacokinetics were investigated in presence of Danshensu in rats. Then, the primary rat hepatocytes model was established to explore the effects of Danshensu on the uptake of rosuvastatin by hepatocytes. Finally, HEK293T cells with overexpression of OATP1B1*a and OATP1B1*5 were established using a lentiviral delivery system to explore the effects of Danshensu on the uptake of rosuvastatin. Rosuvastatin pharmacokinetic parameters of C(max0, AUCO(0-t), AUC(0-∞) were increased about 123%, 194% and 195%, by Danshensu in rats, while the CL z/F value was decreased by 60%. Uptake of rosuvastatin in the primary rat hepatocytes was decreased by 3.13%, 41.15% and 74.62%, respectively in the presence of 20, 40 and 80 μmol x L(-1) Danshensu. The IC50 parameters was (53.04 ± 2.43) μmol x L(-1). The inhibitory effect of Danshensu on OATP1B1 mediated transport of rosuvastatin was related to the OATP1B1 gene type. In OATP1B1*5-HEK293T mutant cells, transport of rosuvastatin were reduced by (39.11 ± 4.94)% and (63.61 ± 3.94)%, respectively, by Danshensu at 1 and 10 μmol x L(-1). While transport of rosuvastatin was reduced by (8.22 ± 2.40)% and (11.56 ± 3.04)% and in OATP1B1*1a cells, respectively. Danshensu significantly altered the pharmacokinetics of rosuvastatin in rats, which was related to competitive inhibition of transport by OATPJBI. Danshensu exhibited a significant activity in the inhibition of rosuvastatin transport by OATP1B1*5-HEK293T, but not by OATP1B1*1a, suggesting a dependence on OATP1B1 sequence.
Animals ; Drug Interactions ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; HEK293 Cells ; Hepatocytes ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lactates ; pharmacology ; Organic Anion Transporters ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rosuvastatin Calcium ; pharmacology ; Solute Carrier Organic Anion Transporter Family Member 1b1

OBJECTIVETo analyze the correlation between pressure-derived collateral coronary flow (PDCF) and Rentrop grade of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

METHODSPDCF, determined by the ratio of P(w)/P(a), was measured in 29 patients with AMI of the first onset who received primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) within 12 h after the onset. Sufficient collateral flow (group A, n=19) was defined as PDCF>0.24 and insufficient collateral flow (group B, n=10) as PDCF< or =0.24. Rentrop grade of the collateral flow was evaluated by coronary angiography. Echocardiography was performed on the 3rd and 30th day after PCI. The left ventricular ejection fraction, end-systolic and end-diastolic volumes, and the related indexes were obtained.

RESULTRentrop grade was significantly related to PDCF (r=0.75, P<0.01), but a wide range of PDCF was observed in patients with Rentrop grade< or =1.

CONCLUSIONPDCF measurement allows quantitative evaluation of the collateral flow in patients with AMI.

Adult ; Aged ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Blood Pressure ; physiology ; Collateral Circulation ; physiology ; Coronary Angiography ; methods ; Coronary Circulation ; physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Regional Blood Flow