Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is a very complicate mechano-biological procedure which is accomplished by the remodeling of periodontal tissues via orthodontic force.As the connective tissue between alveolar bone and cementum,periodontal ligament plays a vital role in the response and conduction of orthodontic force.The susceptible response of periodontal ligament to orthodontic force during OTM is a critical factor on inducing and modulating periodontal tissue restitution.This article reviews the concrete role of periodontal ligament and its mechano-biological behavior during OTM,discusses its mechanical response and biological mechanism respectively on histological,cellular and moleucular levels.

?As a globally recognized irreversible blindness disease, glaucoma can lead to pathological intraocular hypertension, loss of optic ganglion cells and axonal progressive, more and more deep optic cup, and the expanded visual field defect. Various researches show that excitatory amino acid toxicity, oxidative damage, apoptosis, intracellular Ca2+overloading etc. , pathogenic factors are all involved in the occurrence and development of glaucoma. Now, a variety of clinical drugs and operation treatment are applied to control the glaucoma progress. Further more, there are many new drugs and methods in the process of development. This is an article on the current anti-glaucoma drugs.

Objective To investigate the difference of adiponectin( ADPN) levels in cerebral stroke and the relationship with inflammatory factors. Methods Using clinical, imaging, and laboratory data, 136 consecutive patients with acute cerebral infarction were categorized into three subtypes: large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA, n= 77) , small-artery atherosclerosis (SAA, re = 21) , cardioembolism (CE, n = 38). Patients of acute cerebral hemor-rhage(n = 39) were also included. Clinical features, levels of adiponectin, IL-10 and hsCRP were compared between groups. Results ADPN level of cerebral stroke group was lower than the control group(6. 3 ±2. 2 vs 8. 9 ± 2.7 mg/L). ADPN level differed by stroke subtype(F = 5. 21, P = 0. 005): highest in the CE group (8. 0 ± 1. 9 mg/L) and lowest in the LAA group(5. 5 ± 1. 0 mg/L). There was no significant difference between ischemic and hemorrhagic groups. ADPN level was relative to IL-10 ( r = 0. 274, P < 0. 01 ) and hs-CRP( r = -0. 308, P< 0. 05 ) . Conclusion Hypoadiponectinemia is associated with atherosclerosis and stroke. The variation of levels of ADPN and the inflammatory factors may contribute to the inflammation after ischemic stroke.

Objective To induce experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (EAMG) rabbits by using T?125～147 Methods Peptides T?125～147 were synthesized referring to the residue sequence of acetylcholine receptor of Torpedo California and the rabbits were inoculated with the peptides Clinical manifestation was graded in 4 levels Electrophysiological function was assessed by repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) and single fibre electromyography (SFEMG) tests Anti peptides antibodies were evaluated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Student t test was used to analyze the difference between the EAMG and healthy rabbits Results Following the second inoculation,the rabbits appeared weakness Clinical symptoms were improved by neostigmine At 3,5 and 10 Hz,the decrement of compound muscle action potential (CMAP) and the mean jitter (MCD) of the immunized rabbits were higher than in the healthy ones The percentage of decrement of CMAP in order of the control group and the T?125～147 group were:3 Hz: 1 625?1 317,25 375?7 945; 5 Hz: 2 000?1 732,25 625?9 102; 10 Hz: 1 750?1 392,28 875?8 709.Following the above sequence,the MCD were:3 Hz: (9 875?1 126) ?s,(25 875?7 945) ?s; 5 Hz: (11 375?0 916) ?s,(27 500?3 381) ?s; 10 Hz: (12 375?1 061) ?s,(31 000?4 811) ?s Anti peptide antibodies in immunized groups were significantly higher than those in the control group Conclusion T?125～147 might be served as the immunogenic to induce EAMG in rabbits,accompanied by elevation of anti peptide antibodies and the blockage of neuromuscular transmission

Objective To compare different disinfection methods for skin and bottle caps on the detection rate of coagulase negative staphylococcus(CNS)from blood culture,and provide basis for improving collection process and accuracy of blood culture.Methods Blood specimens from the neonatal department of a hospital between June 2012 and August 2014 were collected,blood specimens cultured between June 2012 and June 2013 were as control group (routine disinfection during blood collection process),and blood specimens cultured between August 2013 and Au-gust 2014 were as intervention group (improved disinfection method for skin and bottle caps),detection rates of CNS between two groups were compared.Results In control group,41 isolates of pathogens were isolated from 543 blood culture specimens,positive rate was 7.55%;in intervention group,21 isolates of pathogens were isolated from 853 blood culture specimens,positive rate was 2.46%.The detection rate of CNS in control group was 4.97%(n=27),12 (2.21 %)of which were methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococcus (MRCNS);the detec-tion rate of CNS in intervention group was 0.82%(n=7),6 (0.70%)of which were MRCNS.Difference in detec-tion rates of CNS and MRCNS between two groups were both statistically significant(χ2 =24.07,5.92,both P <0.05).Conclusion Improving disinfection methods for skin and caps of blood culture bottles during blood collection can decrease the detection rate of CNS.

Purpose:To investigate the DNA content and cell proliferation during the course of development of golden hamster buccal pouch carcinoma.Methods:60 golden hamsters were divided into 6 groups,0.5% DMBA were application to the buccal pouch mucosas of 1～5 groups, and then animals were killed at 6W, 8W, 10W, 12W and 16W after application of DMBA, the animals of normal group were killed at 16W . Buccal pouch samples were taken and each sample was cut into two parts, one was processed histologically way, the other sample was detected and analysed with flow cytometry for DNA content and cell cycle.Results:Our results revealed that the DNA of normal mucosa and hyperplasia appeared diploid; there were 16.7% (2/12) of anuploid in the mild and moderate dysplasia; 33.3% (3/9) of DNA anuploid in severe dysplasia; 54.1(6/11)% of DNA anuploid in carcinoma in situ ; and 78.57% (11/14) of DNA anuploid in invasive carcinoma. DI value and S phase proliferation became higher as the mucosal lesion became heavier , the S phase of severe dysplasia was the highest (39.31%).Conclusions:DNA anuploid is the marker of malignant tumor; the cell rate of S phase can be considered a sign of malignant tumor proliferation , it is a valuable guide for clinical treatment and prognosis assessment in oral carcinoma .

Adolescent ; Child ; Electromyography ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Stomach ; physiology

Objective To explore the relationship between social support and professional identification among nursing students,and to examine the mediating role of resilience.Methods A total of 650 nursing students were evaluated with Social Support Rating Scale,Professional Identity Questionnaires for Nursing Students and Chinese revision of Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale.Results The scores of nursing students' social support,resilience and professional identification were (38.93±5.30),(66.79±11.93),(57.45±9.95).Professional identification could positively influence their professional identification(r=0.233-0.422,P＜0.01).Resilience mediated the relationship between social support and professional identification,the effect sizes were 52.27％.Conclusions Resilience plays a mediating role between social support and professional identity.It is important to pay attention to social support and resilience and take proper interventions to promote nursing students professional identification.

Objective To examine the psychological resilience and its influencing factors of the nursing students in medical university.Methods A total of 693 nursing students were investigated by using general questionnaire,Chinese version of CD-RISC,Professional Identity Questionnaires of Nursing Students,TCSQ,EPQ and SSRS.Results The average score of CD-RISC was (66.79±11.93),different grade students had significant differences in psychological resilience,resilience scores of nursing students were different in aspect of professional knowledge,occupation expectation and interpersonal satisfaction.Resilience was positively correlated with positive coping,professional identity,social support,extraversion,and negatively correlated with negative coping,neuroticism and psychoticism; Positive coping,professional identity,extraversion and neuroticism could predict 48.6％ of total variation in psychological resilience.Conclusions The resilience average score of nursing students was low.Nursing educators can implement mental intervention according to psychological characteristics of nursing students in different periods by cultivating professional emotion,guiding coping style and shaping healthy personality to promote the resilience and mental health of nursing students.

Asthma ; Humans ; Hygiene ; Hygiene Hypothesis ; Hypersensitivity