OBJECTIVEThe aim of the present study is to explore the effects of exhaustive exercise-induced oxidative stress on the antioxidant capacity and diformability of rat red blood cells.

METHODSRats were divided into three group (n = 10): sedentary control (C), exhaustive running exercise (ERE) and moderate running exercise (MRE) groups. Animals in the ERE group started treadmill running at a speed of 20 m/min speed with a 5% gradient, and reached a speed of 25 m/min with gradient 15% in 20 min. Running was continued until exhaustion. MRE group rats running at a speed of 20 m/min with a 5% gradient for 40 min. The levels of free thiol in erythrocyte membrane protein, lipidperoxidation levels and membrane protein components were analyzed. The red blood cell deformability of different groups was also observed.

RESULTSThe results showed that red blood cells were damaged by severe oxidative stress and the anti-oxidative capacity decreased significantly under exhaustive exercise conditions. Besides, lipid peroxidation and protein sulfhydryl cross-link based clustering of membrane were found after exhaustive exercise, and polymers high molecular weight (HMW) was formed. The elongation index (EI) was found to decline significantly in the ERE group compared with the C and MRE groups under shear stress (control group, 0.41 +/- 0.01 at 3 Pa and 0.571 +/- 0.008 at 30 Pa; ERE group, 0.314 +/- 0.013 at 3 Pa and 0.534 +/- 0.009 at 30 Pa; P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively).

CONCLUSIONThese exercise-induced oxidative injure result in a significant decrease in deformability of rat erythrocytes, which in turn leads to dysfunction in the microcirculatory.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Erythrocyte Deformability ; Fatigue ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Male ; Oxidative Stress ; Physical Conditioning, Animal ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

AIM:Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) activation is critical for growth factor-mediated cell proliferation. The present study was designed to determine the effect of the tyrphostin AG1295 and AG1296, a selective blocker of PDGF βand αRTK,on proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) development.METHODS:Rabbit conjunctival fibroblasts (RCF) cells were cultured.The effects of AG1295, AG1296,PDGF-AA and PDGF-BB on RCF proliferation are evaluated by MTT assay.Homologous rabbit conjunctival fibroblasts were injected intravitreally to make animal PVR model, followed by injection of 100μmol/L of AG1295 or AG1296 respectively. The presence of tractional retinal detachment (TRD) was assessed to evaluate the effect of AG1295 and AG1296 in vivo .Electroretinography and histologic studies were performed after intravitreal injection of AG1295 into untreated eyes to evaluate toxicity. RESULTS: Both AG1295 and AG1296 (10μmol/L) significantly inhibited rabbit conjunctival fibroblast cell growth stimulated by PDGF-AA or -BB in vitro.Development of TRD was significantly reduced (P<0.05) with 100 μmol/L of AG1295 or AG1296 in vivo, but the effect of AG1295 only present till day 14. Inhibitive effect of AG1296 is longer than that of AG1295.No significant histologic or retinal functional damage was found in both drug-treated groups. CONCLUSION: PDGF αand βreceptor specific inhibitor AG1296 and AG1295 attenuated PVR without significant side effects in rabbits, and AG1296 was better than AG1295. The much longer and stronger therapeutic effect from PDGFαreceptor inhibitor indicated that PDGF α receptor is more important in the development of PVR, and inhibition of this pathway could be a useful treatment alternative to prevent PVR.

Objective To analyze the research status and hotspot of occupational methanol poisoning at home and abroad. Methods ， The China National Knowledge Resource Database Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform and Web of Science were used as the data sources. The relevant literatures on occupational methanol poisoning published in domestic and foreign ， Results journals up to June 30 2021 were searched. The bibliometrics was used to analyzed the literatures. A total of 255 literatures were included in analysis. There were 187 Chinese articles and 68 English articles. Most of Chinese articles were ， ， published from 2001 to 2005 with an average of 26.7 literatures per five years until June 2021. Among them 72 literatures （ ）， ， were published in core journals 38.5% and 176 authors from 27 provinces autonomous regions and municipality directly ， under the central government published relevant literatures. The research contents mainly focused on the classification ， ， poisoning mode clinical manifestations visual impairment and poisoning prevention and treatment of occupational methanol - ， poisoning. Most of the English literatures were published in 2016 2020 with an average of 4.9 articles per five years until June ， （ ）， 2021. Among them 36 were published in SCI journals 52.9% and 57 authors from 11 countries published relevant ， ， ， literatures. The research contents mainly focused on the clinical diagnosis drug treatment intoxication mechanism visual Conclusion sequelae and brain injury of occupational methanol poisoning. The research on occupational methanol poisoning ， ， ， mainly focuses on clinical diagnosis clinical manifestations treatment and prognosis and pathogenesis. The focus of relevant research at home and abroad is different.

Clinical trials are often designed as either pragmatic or explanatory. The pragmatic clinical trials are generally used for measuring the effectiveness of a treatment in common clinical practice, while the explanatory trial for measuring the efficacy of a treatment under ideal conditions. Since the methods concerning pragmatic clinical trials are less introduced in China, its archetypal features, advantages and limitations were introduced in this paper. And a current study of pragmatic clinical trials on using acpuncture for treatment of low back pain carried out in German was taken as an example to illustrate the practical methods concretely. The key steps of the design were presented in detail, and reasonable suggestions about the problems often encountered in the trial, as well as how to balance the internal and external validity, outcome measurement, etc., were offered.
Clinical Trials as Topic ; methods ; standards ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Decision Making, Organizational ; Humans

Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of remifentanil in patients with mechanical ventilation in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) .Methods Totally 90 cases were enrolled ,patients with mechanical ventilation were randomly divided into two groups (remifentanil vs .fentanyl) ,45 cases in each group .We used facial expression score (FPS) to monitoring pain ,richmond se‐dation agitation score (RASS) was the sedation tool for measuring quality and depth of sedation .Propofol wase used for sedation therapy .We recorded the data including FPS and RASS and vital signs during the treatment .The primary outcome was the time to reach the goal of analgesia sedation ,cases of using propofol and doses of propofol .The secondory outcome was mechanical ventila‐tion time ,ICU length of stay and adverse events .Results Fentanyl and remifentanil all could achieve the desired analgesic effect . Compared with fentanyl group ,FPS scores showed significantly decreased after 5 min application of remifentanil (P< 0 .05) ,but FPS scores showed significantly decreased after 10 min application of fentanyl .Analgesia goal time of the remifentanil and fentanyl were(5 .00 ± 1 .37)min and (30 .00 ± 4 .50)min ,respectively .Only 28 .9% of the patients should be combined use of propofol in remifentanil group ,but fentanyl group was 64 .4% (P<0 .01);the dosage of propofol of remifentanil group was lower than those of fentanyl group ;there was no significant difference in central venous pressure (CVP) and heart rate(HR) between the two groups at each time point(P>0 .05) .The mechanical ventilation time ,ICU length of stay in the patients with remifentanil were significantly shorter(P<0 .05) ,and adverse events occur less(all P<0 .05) .Conclusion Remifentanil analgesia in patients mechanical ventilated patients is fast onset of action ,analgesic effect significantly ,with less sedative drug dosage .It also can shorten mechanical ventila‐tion time ,ICU length of stay and has no obvious side effects .

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the association of synergistic effects of Wuzhi capsules on tacrolimus with CYP3A5*3 (6986A>G,rs776746) gene polymorphisms. METHODS:One hundred and severty patients underwent renal transplantation receiving tacrolimus maintenance therapy after surgery were selected from our hospital during Jan. 1997-Dec. 2015,and then divided into Wuzhi capsules(+)group(74 cases)and Wuzhi capsules(-)group(96 cases)according to the use of Wuzhi capsules. Both groups received tacrolimus+mycophenolate mofetil+prednisone;Wuzhi capsules (+)group was additionally given Wuzhi capsules,one capsule each time,bid,for more than 12 months. Trough concentration of tacrolimus was detected by CMIA 0,1,3,6,12 months after medica-tion,and the blood concentrations(C0/D)were calculated at different time points after correcting daily dose. CYP3A5*3 gene polymor-phisms was detected by PCR-RFLP. The association of C0/D value with gene polymorphism was investigated by analysis of covariance. RESULTS:Among 170 patients,there were 65 cases of CYP3A5 GG genotype,83 cases of AG genotype and 22 cases of AA geno-type;genotype frequencies were 38.2%,48.8% and 12.9%,which was in line with Hardy-Weinberg balance (P>0.05). There was statistical significance in the distribution frequencies of GG,AG+AA genotype between Wuzhi capsules(+)group and Wuzhi capsules (-)group (P<0.05). After 1 month of medication,C0/D of tacrolimus in GG genotype was significantly higher in Wuzhi capsules (+)group than in Wuzhi capsules(-)group. After 1,3,6,12 months of medication,C0/D of tacrolimus in AG+AA genotype was sig-nificantly higher in Wuzhi capsules(+)group than in Wuzhi capsules(-)group,with statistical significance(P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in C0/D of tacrolimus in GG genotype between 2 groups after 3,6,12 months of treatment(P>0.05). CON-CLUSIONS:Wuzhi capsules can increase C0/D of tacrolimus in CYP3A5*3 AG+AA genotype,but have no significant effect on C0/D of tacrolimus in GG genotype;CYP3A5*3 genotype should be considered when using Wuzhi capsules as synergist of tacrolimus.

control group from the high to the low. When the typeⅢand type Ⅳglomerular function was changed (BUN and BCr in high value),the drainage quantity of the enzymes evidently increased.Conclusions Urine enzyme series can sensitively reflect the damage of renal tubules in early stage, even if BUN and BCr value is on the normal level , and the drainage quantity of these enzymes are changed more or less, which show that renal tubule damage exists. The value of BUN and BCr is positively correlated with the drainage quantity of these enzymes.the more urine enzymes are drained out, the more renal tubule function is involved, therefore, the more renal globe function is damaged.

Objective To explore clinical significance of immunoglobulin G(IgG) subclass and the relationship with urine enzyme series and four microalbumen in Henoch - Schonlein purpura nephritis(HSPN). Methods IgG subclass, urine enzyme series, microal-bumen were detected between 28 cases with HSPN and 20 controls. Results The levels of IgG1, IgG2 in HSPN significantly decreased compared with the normal controls. In addition, the levels of IgG, were negative related to microalbumin(MA) and alkaline phosphalase (ALP) in HSPN, P

Objective:To investigate the proper choice and improve the survival rate in neonates suffering from giant omphalocele (GO)with liver protrusion by analyzing the clinical characteristics, different treatments and outcomes.Methods:Neonates with GO admitted in Department of Neonatal Surgery in Wuhan Children′s Hospital were retrospected from January 2009 to May 2019.The treatment methods include: (1) repaired with similar silo-bag by staged operation; (2) one-stage repair with patch or not; (3) delayed repair by conservative treatment for some time (from 2 to 8 weeks) firstly.Data included gestational age, gender, birth weight, average diameter of omphalocele, contents of omphalocele, associated malformation, treatment method, duration of ventilator use and clinical outcome.These neonates were divided into 2 groups according to the contents of protrusion: group with liver protrusion and group with liver and other organs protrusion.Clinical data were summarized and compared between different groups.Results:Sixteen cases were collected, including 9 males and 7 females.The average age was (1.25±0.45) d (1-2 days), the average birth weight was (2.48±0.37) kg, and pregnant week was (36.23±1.17) weeks.The average diameter of the omphalocele was (9.88±3.30) cm, ranging from 5 cm to 15 cm.Seven cases were belonged to the group with liver protrusion, cases undergone one-stage repair, delayed repair were 6 cases and 1 case, respectively.There were 9 cases in group with liver and other organs protrusion, and the protruded organs included liver, intestine, colon or spleen.Among them, cases needed one-stage repair, delayed repair and silo-bag repair were 3 cases, 3 cases, 3 cases, respectively.Cases needed respiratory machine were 3 cases (42.8%) and 8 cases (88.89%) in group with liver protrusion and group with liver and other organs protrusion, respectively.Neonates had a longer time of needing respiratory machine in group with liver protrusion, comparing with the neonates in group with liver and other organs protrusion[(30.67±19.0) h vs.(106.25±69.36) h, P=0.021], and the risk rate to use respiratory machine was 5.143(95% CI: 0.727-36.368). There were no dead cases in group with liver protrusion.Three cases were dead in group with liver and other organs protrusion.All the patients were followed from 3 months to 4 years, and hernia in abdominal wall was found in 5 cases, including 1 case in group with liver protrusion and 4 cases in group with liver and other organs protrusion.If the dead cases had been excluded, the rate of hernia was 66.7% (4/6 cases) in group with liver and other organs protrusion. Conclusions:Individual treatment should be emphasized in neonates suffering from GO with liver protrusion.Neonates with single liver protrusion have a better prognosis than those with liver and other organs protrusion.One-stage repair is recommended in the former, and the delayed repair is highly recommended in the latter.The accessory liver should be considered when GO neonates presenting liver protrusion.

Bioimprinting is a new developed technique to improve the characteristics of enzymes.Bioimprinting by lauric acid was conducted to improve the esterification activity of lipase PS in sol-gel immobilization process with methyltrimethoxysila(MTMS) and tetramethoxysila(TMOS) as the precursors.Results generated by checking the esterification activity and scanning electron microscope showed that bioimprinting can enhance the specific activity and thermal stability of lipase PS.The bioimprinting system was optimized by orthogonal experiment,and the optimal condition for lipase bioimprinting is water/silane molar ration(R) 12,polyethylene glycol(PEG) 120?l,and lauric acid 0.15 mmol.Compared with the free enzyme and the non-imprinted enzymes,the specific activity of imprinted enzymes has been improved 44.3 fold and 2.4 fold,respectively.Imprinted lipase show better thermal stability,and the relative activity is 58% after incubated in 80 ℃ for 0.5 h,while no activity was detected for the free enzyme.