To research the association between primary progressive pterygium and tear film.
●METHODS: Totally 60 cases of primary progressive pterygium from September 2012 to June 2013 in our hospital were enrolled. The pterygium eye was for observation group and the contralateral eye as the control group. The differences of eye symptoms, tear film break-up time ( BUT ), Schirmer Ⅰ test ( S Ⅰ t ), corneal fluorescein staining (FL), tear ferning test (TFT) and the conjunctival impression cytology ( ClC) were compared between two groups.
●RESULTS: The eyes in observation group had higher symptoms score, FL score, grades of conjunctival squamous metaplasia, percentage of abnormal tear ferning, but had lower BUT and density of goblet cell, the differences had statistically significance (P<0. 05); Similar S Ⅰ t results were presented in the two groups, the difference had no statistically significance (P>0. 05).
● CONCLUSlON: Primary progressive pterygium can cause a decrease in tear film stability, which in turn lead to some dry eye symptoms such as dry feeling and burning sensation, and its mechanism may be caused by multi-factors, such as density change of goblet cell and the tear fluid dynamics.

Previous studies have shown that paeonol can antagonize acute myocardial ischemia and infarction in rat. This study further researched the effects of paeonol on blood pressure and blood flow in the artery of spontaneously hypertensive rats and its mechanisms related on vasomotion. Firstly, thirty spontaneously hypertensive rats were randomly divided into spontaneously hypertensive control group and paeonol-treating groups of high dose and low dose, and also, the other ten Wistar rats as healthy control group. Before and after the intraduodenal administration of the drug, arterial blood pressure was measured by carotid artery and blood flow through the renal artery and carotid artery in vivo were measured by animal flowmeter. The same volume of solvent was given to the spontaneously hypertensive control group and the healthy control group, and the other operations were same. In order to further study the effect of paeonol on vasomotor function, the superior mesenteric artery, renal artery and coronary artery of the spontaneously hypertensive rat were removed and separated, precontracted by a certain concentration of potassium chloride (KCl) and 5-serotonin (5-HT) respectively, and dilatory responses were assessed by cumulative addition of paeonol. Results showed that after duodenal one-time delivery of paeonol, the blood pressure significantly lowered, the renal arterial blood flow and the carotid arterial blood flow significantly increased in spontaneously hypertensive rat. And also, paeonol relaxed the mesenteric artery, renal artery and the coronary artery of spontaneously hypertensive rat in a concentration-dependent manner. These results indicated that the effect of paeonol on decreasing arterial blood pressure and increasing the arterial blood flow was related to its vasodilative effect.
Acetophenones ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Blood Pressure ; drug effects ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred SHR ; Regional Blood Flow ; drug effects ; Vasodilator Agents ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the sensitization effect of polysorbate 80 and polysorbate 80 contained Houttuynia cordata Injection in different concentrations on Beagle.

METHODSBeagles, a kind of animal highly sensitive to sensitizing agents, were randomly divided into 18 groups, 3 in each group. They received respectively the intravenous infusion of polysorbate 80 made by different factories in different concentrations (0.25%, 0.10%, 0.05%), and Houttuynia cordata Injection containing polysorbate 80 in concentration of 0.25% or 0.30%, with the constant infusing speed of 5 mL/min and volume of 10 mL/kg. Changes of animals' condition were observed before infusion and in the 24 h after infusion, time of symptom appearance and disappearance was recorded, and the grade of response was determined. Moreover, blood samples of animals were collected before infusion and 10 min after ending infusion for measuring histamine content in plasma using ELISA. Then the sensitization effect was comprehensively estimated by combined consideration of the responding grade and histamine level.

RESULTSNo typical symptom of anaphylactoid reaction and over 1-fold increase of histamine level was found in all groups that received intravenous infusion of polysorbate 80 or polysorbate 80 contained Houttuynia cordata Injection in different concentrations. Estimation showed that all test solutions didn't induce typical anaphylactoid reaction on Beagle.

CONCLUSIONSConsidering both the appearance of symptoms and the elevation of blood content of histamine could be taken as the criteria for comprehensive diagnosis of anaphylactoid reactions. The solubilization effect and safety (for foreclose anaphylactoid reaction) of polysorbate 80 could be ensured by controlling its quality and concentration below 0.25% or 0.30%.

Anaphylaxis ; chemically induced ; Animals ; Dogs ; Houttuynia ; adverse effects ; Injections ; Polysorbates ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects

Humans ; Prune Belly Syndrome

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical features of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) among children of different ages.

METHODSRetrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 112 children who were hospitalized due to MMP between January 2010 and December 2011. The children were divided into 3 groups according to their ages: infants (<3 years; n=20), preschool-aged children (≥3 years; n=41), and school-aged children (6-15.2 years; n=51). The three groups were compared in terms of their clinical symptoms, pulmonary signs, chest X-ray findings and laboratory test results.

RESULTSThe infant group presented mainly with expectoration and wheezing, accompanied by low fever. They showed gastrointestinal symptoms as the most common extra-pulmonary manifestation and had evident pulmonary signs. The majority of the school-aged children group presented with high fever and a severe dry cough, and wheezing was seen in several of them. They showed rash as the most common extra-pulmonary manifestation and had slight pulmonary signs. The symptoms of the preschool-aged children group were in between. In the infant and preschool-aged children groups, most showed bronchopneumonia on chest X-ray, while in the school-aged children group, chest X-rays mostly showed segmental parenchymatous infiltration. The infant group had a higher lymphocyte count than the school-aged children group, while the school-aged children group had a higher serum C-reactive protein level than the infant group.

CONCLUSIONSThe clinical features of MPP are different among children of different ages, especially between infants and school-aged children.

Adolescent ; Age Factors ; Antibodies, Bacterial ; blood ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; drug therapy ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Retrospective Studies

Background This meta-analysis evaluated the effect of noninvasive,positive pressure ventilation on severe,stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods PUBMED,CNKI,Wanfang,EMBASE and the Cochrane trials databases were searched.Randomized controlled trials of patients with severe,stable COPD and receiving noninvasive positive pressure ventilation,compared with sham ventilation or no ventilation,were reviewed.The mortality,physiological and health related parameters were pooled to yield odds ratio (OR),weighted mean differences or standardized mean differences (SMD),with 95％ confidence interval (C/).Results Eight parallel and three crossover randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria.Pooled analysis for parallel,randomized controlled trials showed noninvasive positive pressure ventilation:(1) Did not affect the 12-or 24-month mortality (OR 0.82,95％ C/:0.48 to 1.41); (2) Improved the arterial carbon dioxide tension (SMD-0.88,95％C/:-1.43 to-0.34); (3) Did not improve forced expiratory volume in one second (SMD 0.20,95％ C/:-0.06 to 0.46),maximal inspiratory pressure (SMD 0.01,95％ C/:-0.28 to 0.29) or 6-minute walk distance (SMD 0.17,95％ C/:-0.16 to 0.50); (4) Subgroup analysis showed noninvasive positive pressure ventilation improved the arterial carbon dioxide tension in hypercapnic patients.Pooled analysis for crossover randomized controlled trials did not show improvement in arterial blood gas or forced expiratory volume in one second with noninvasive positive pressure ventilation.Conclusions Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation improves the arterial carbon dioxide tension but does not improve the mortality,pulmonary function,or exercise tolerance and should be cautiously used in severe stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

In order to characterize the molecular epidemiology of HFMD-associated Coxsackievirus A6 (CVA6) in Fujian Province, a total of 1340 specimens from non-EV71 non-CVA16 HFMD patients were collected during 2011-2013. Isolated virus strains were identified and subtyped. Full-length coding regions for the VP1 gene of the predominant serotype CVA6 isolates were amplified and sequenced. Among the 375 non-EV71 non-CVA16 HFMD cases confirmed by virus isolation and molecular subtyping, 182 (48.5%) were found to be caused by CVA6, accounting for 7.9%, 16.2% and 39.6% HFMD-associated enteroviruses in FujianProvince during 2011, 2012, and 2013, respectively. Compared with general features observed in the HFMD epidemic, no difference in CVA6-specificity or severity rates was observed between geographical origins, gender, or age groups. Nucleotide sequence analyses of VP1 genes revealed high diversity levels of 16.2%-18.6% among CVA6 strains from Fujian Province, in contrast to the prototype CVA6 strain, and showed low levels of diversity in the amino acid sequences (4.3%-6.2%). Phylogenetic analysis also indicated that CVA6 isolates from Fujian Province were distinct from the prototype strain and other isolates from abroad; however, it was homologous to domestic strains, although the Fujian isolates clustered into multiple branches. These results suggested that significant changes in the pathogenic spectrum of HFMD in Fujian Province occurred during 2011-2013, as CVA6 was one of the predominant serotypes of HFMD. CVA6 isolates from Fujian Province were co-circulating and co-evolving with other domestic strains as multiple closely related CVA6 transmission chains were observed in Fujian Province overall and within each prefecture.
Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Enterovirus A, Human ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease ; epidemiology ; virology ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny

OBJECTIVETo compare the acute myocardial infarction models in Beagle dogs and mongrel dogs, and study whether the Beagle dog model is sensitive to drug intervention.

METHODThe acute myocardial infarction model of dog was set up through ligation of anterior descending branch of coronary artery in dogs, in order to observe morphological changes of the heart and determine artery length and heart coefficient of exposed anterior descending branch of coronary artery. The epicardium electrocardiogram (sigmaST, N-ST) was used to measure the degree of myocardial ischemia. The quantitative histological assay (nitroblue tetrazolium, N-BT stain) was adopted to determine the area of myocardial infarction.

RESULTThere was no significant difference between Beagle dogs and mongrel dogs in terms of sigmaST, N-ST and ischemia area. The diltiazem group of Beagle dogs showed obvious reduction in the ischemia area (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01), with notable decline in sigmaST and N-ST, however, it had no statistical difference compared with the Beagle dog model group. Beagle dogs had clear coronary branches, longer exposed arteries and less difference in organ coefficient, which were suitable for the preparation of the myocardial infarction model, whereas mongrel dogs had irregular coronary branches and exposed arteries, with greater individual difference.

CONCLUSIONBeagle dogs are superior to mongrel dogs in the preparation of the acute myocardial infarction model, which is sensitive to for drug intervention.

Acute Disease ; Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dogs ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Myocardium ; pathology

To investigate whether ABL specific tyrosine kinase specific inhibitor STI571 can restore beta1 integrin mediated negative effect on Ph(+) chronic myeloid leukemia(CML), the inhibitory effect of beta 1 integrin activator (beta1 integrin activating antibody 8A2, cytokines such as GM-CSF, G-CSF and SCF) and/or FN on the granulocyte-macrophage colony forming unit (CFU-GM) from 16 patients with Ph(+)CML and 13 normal individuals were examined; the bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNC) before and after ABL kinase specific inhibitor STI571 pretreatment (0.1 micro mol/L for 30-60 minutes) were target cells in this study. The roles which VLA4 and VLA5 played in this process were evaluated through blocking assay. The results showed: (1) beta1 integrin activator(s) or FN alone have no effect on CFU-GM from CML or normal bone marrow mononuclear cells before or after STI571 pretreatment, nor STI571 pretreatment itself. (2) The inhibitory effect of beta1 integrin activator(s) plus FN on CML CFU-GM are significantly lower than that on normal CFU-GM. (3) The inhibitory effect of beta1 integrin activator(s) plus FN on CML CFU-GM after STI571 pretreatment is comparable to that on normal CFU-GM. (4) Monoclonal antibody to VLA4 and VLA5 or to total beta1 integrins almost completely abrogate the above effect of STI571. The results suggested enhancing beta1 integrin mediated negative effect on myeloid progenitors in Ph(+)CML is one of the therapeutic mechanisms of STI571 on Ph(+)CML.

OBJECTIVETo observe the protective effects of paeonol, paeoniflorin, and their compatibility on in vitro cultured cardiomyocytes suffering from hypoxia-reoxygenation injury.

METHODSCardiomyocytes from neonatal rats were in vitro cultured and injured by a hypoxia of 2.5 - 5 h and a following 2-h reoxygenation. To observe the effects of paeonol and paeoniflorin, four doses of 100, 75, 50 and 25 mg/L were respectively set up. And to observe the compatibility of paeonol and paeoniflorin, five doses were set up as follows: paeonol 40 and 20 mg/L, paeoniflorin 40 and 20 mg/L, compatibility of paeonol 20 mg/L and paeoniflorin 20 mg/L. The above drugs were incubated with cardiomyocytes during the hypoxia and reoxygenation period respectively. No drug intervention was given to the model group, while no modeling was given to the normal control group. The transudatory creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the culture medium were determined after the hypoxia period and the reoxygenation period respectively, and the total outleakage and the leakage inhibition ratio during the whole procedure were calculated. Results of each group were got from parallel operations for 5 times.

RESULTSCompared with the normal control group, the MDA leakage increased 2.5 h after hypoxia, the leakage and the total outleakage of CK, LDH, and MDA all significantly increased 3 and 5 h after hypoxia, and 2 h after reoxygenation. The leakage inhibition ratio of each index decreased with statistical difference (P<0.01, P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the leakage and the total outleakage of LDH and MDA both decreased in the high dose paeonol group, and the high and middle dose paeoniflorin groups after hypoxia and 2 h after reoxygenation (P<0.01, P<0.05), and the leakage inhibition ratio of each index increased (P<0.01, P<0.05). However, the leakage and the total outleakage of CK decreased in the low dose and the extreme low dose paeonol groups only 2 h after reoxygenation (P<0.01, P<0.05), while the leakage inhibition ratio of CK increased (P<0.01). The leakage and the total outleakage of LDH decreased in the extreme low dose paeoniflorin group only 2 h after reoxygenation (P<0.01), while the leakage inhibition ratio of LDH increased (P<0.01). The effects of their compatibility showed no significant difference (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONSPaeonol, paeoniflorin, and their compatibility all have remarkable protective effects on in vitro cultured cardiomyocytes suffering from hypoxia-reoxygenation injury. There was no significant synergistic effect when paeonol was used with paeoniflorin together.

Acetophenones ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Benzoates ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Bridged-Ring Compounds ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Cell Hypoxia ; Cells, Cultured ; Creatine Kinase ; metabolism ; Glucosides ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; metabolism ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Monoterpenes ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; metabolism ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Rats