Objective: To study the influence of total salvianolic acid(TSA) on the renal interstitial fibrosis caused by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in rats. Methods: Forty healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: the UUO group, sham operation group, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor ( ACEI)-treated group (positive control), and TSA-treated group. The rats in UUO group and sham-operation group received gastric gavage with normal saline for 8 days before operation; rats in ACEI-treated group and TSA-treated group received ACEI (6 mg/kg by daily gastric gavage for 8 days) and TSA (20 mg/kg by daily gastric gavage for 8 days), respectively. All rats were killed 7 days after operation and the expression of transforming growth factor-β 1 (TGF-β1) was detected by immunohistochemical method. The dynamic histological changes of renal interstitial tissues were observed by H-E and Masson staining. Results: TGF-β1 expression in TSA-treated (1.38 ± 0.26) and ACEI-treated (1.38 ± 0.26) groups was significantly lower than that in UUO group (P < 0.05). TSA obviously reduced TGF-β1 expression and collagen deposition in the renal interstitial tissues and improved the renal pathological changes in UUO rats. Conclusion: TSA can evidently inhibit UUO-induced renal interstitial fibros is in rats, which might be related with the down regulation of TGF-β1 expression.

Objective: To study the inhibitory effect of rosmarinic acid on xanthine oxidase. Methods: Xanthine oxidase (0.1 U/ml) was incubated with xanthine (1 mmol/L for determining formation of uric acid; 50 μmol/L for determining superoxide anions) in the presence of 20, 40 and 60 μg/ml rosmarinic acid or allopurinol as positive control. The formation of uric acid was determined by automatic biochemical analyzer 5 min after reaction and the production of superoxide anions was measured by Nitro Blue Btetrazolium (NBT) reduction. HL-60 cells (1 ml, 2×105/ml) were pretreated with xanthine (100 μl, 6 mol/L) and xanthine oxidase (100 μl, 0.1 U/ml), then rosmarinic acid (500 μg/ml) or allopurinol (1 μg/ ml, as positive control) (Annexin V-PI kit) was added to determine the cell apoptosis rate. HL-60 cells (1 ml, 2×105/ml) were also pretreated with xanthine (100 μl, 6 mol/L) and xanthine oxidase (100 μl, 0.1 U/ml), then rosmarinic acid (500 μg/ml) or SOD (100 U/ml, as positive control) (cell cycle method) was added to determine the cell apoptosis rate. Results: Rosmarinic acid obviously inhibited the production of uric acid and superoxide anion-induced reaction in NBT assay, with their IC50 being 56 μg/ml and 21 μg/ml, respectively. The rates of apoptosis inhibition by rosmarinic acid were both over 40% by Annexin V-PI kit and cell cycle method. Conclusion: Rosmarinic acid is a competitive inhibitor of xanthine oxidase.

Objective: To study the inhibition of xanthine oxidase by renierol extracted from South China Sea sponge and study the influence of renierol on hyperuricemia in mice. Methods: After extracted from South China Sea sponge, renierol (20, 40, 60 μg/ml) was added to a system containing xanthine oxidase (0. 1 μ/ml) and xanthine (50 μmol/ml); allopurinol (1 μg/ml) was also addded to the system as positive control. The 5 min-fomation of superoxide anions was used to determine the activity of xanthine oxidase (Nitro Blue Btetrazolium reduction). Renierol (20, 40, 60 μg/ml) was added to 25°C pre-heated pyrogallol autoxidation to observe its eliminating effect on free radicals through determining the absorbance rate at 420 nm wavelength. Potassium oxonate, a uricase inhibitor, was used to induce hyperuricemia in mice and the mice were then treated with oral renierol (10, 20, 30 mg · kg-1) or allopurinol (2 mg/kg) as positive control. The decrease of serum uric acid induced by renierol was determined by automatic biochemical analyzer. Results: Renierol was demonstrated to be a competitive inhibitor of xanthine oxidase in vitro , with its IC50 value being 1.36 μg · ml-1. It also decreased uric acid in vivo. Conclusion: Renierol can decrease serum uric acid through inhibiting the xanthine oxidase.

A UPLC method has been developed in the current investigation for simultaneous determination of nine chemical markers of Bletilla striata, 4-hydroxymethylphenyl beta-D-glucoside, blestroside, dactylorhin A, militarine, dihydrophenanthrene 5, gymnoside V, dihydrophenanthrene 1, benzylphenanthrene 3 and gymnosides IX. Separation was performed at 45 degrees C on an ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 1.7 microm) with a gradient solvent system of acetonitrile-water as the mobile phase. The flow rate was 0.3 mL x min(-1), the detection wavelength was 280 nm. The results showed that the nine chemical markers could be well resolved and that in the selected linear range, all calibration curves of the nine chemical markers showed good linearity (r > or = 0.999 3). The recoveries (n = 6) were in the range of 98.15% - 102.2% and RSDs were between 2.1% - 3.6%. The data suggested that the developed UPLC-UV method had good reproducibility, robustness, and accuracy, which was suitable for the quality control of Bletilla striata. Applications of the method showed that the nine chemical markers had higher contents in the wild B. striata than in the cultivated ones.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Magnoliopsida ; chemistry ; Rhizome ; chemistry

Objective To determine the methods and results of treating traumatic pseudoaneurysms in siphon segment of internal carotid artery(ICA)by interventional therapy.Methods Twelve cases of traumatic pseudoaneurysms in siphon segment of internal carotid artery were treated.The collateral circulation of Willis circle was observed after DSA.Different methods of treatment were applied according to the collateral circulation of Willis circle.Ten cases were treated by occlusion of ICA completely,1 case was embolized by guglielmi detachable coil(GDC)only.Results Nine of 12 treated by occlusion of ICA were cured.In the 3 cases who had poor collateral of Willis circle,one was cured by GDC embolization alone;one died 48 hours later after ICA occlusion though his consciousness and the activity of extremities were normal during the temporary balloon test occlusion(BTO)of ICA.One died during the training to improve the collateral of the Willis circle.Conclusion ICA embolization is feasible for treatment of traumatic pseudoaneurysms in siphon segment of internal carotid artery after evaluating the collateral circulation of Willis circle.

Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic ; therapeutic use ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Ginsenosides ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; prevention & control

Objective: To evaluate left atrial (LA) function and synchrony in lone atrial fibrillation (LAF) patients by two-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D-STE) and to explore the predictive value of 2D-STE parameters for AF recurrence after ablation procedure. Methods: Our research included in 2 groups: LAF group,n=50 patients diagnosed in our hospital from 2013-06 to 2015-05; it was further divided into 2 subgroups as Non-LA enlargement subgroup,n=34 and LA enlargement subgroup,n=16 and Control group,n=35 healthy subjects. With sinus rhythm, 2D-STE was conducted to obtain LA peak ventricular systolic longitudinal strain (PALS), strain rate (SRs) and atrial contraction longitudinal strain (ACLS), strain rate (SRa). Standard deviation for the time to peak (TPSD) of regional strain was calculated. TPSD during ventricular systole was named as SDs and TPSD during ventriculardiastole was named asSDa. Results: Compared with Control group, LAF group had reduced PALS (28.34±8.57) vs (38.73±6.13), SRs (1.17±0.31) vs (1.57±0.25), ACLS (14.11±4.91) vs (18.86±3.57 ) and SRa (-1.41±0.58) vs (-1.90±0.30), allP<0.05; while elevated SDs (8.11±3.00) % vs (4.67±1.48) % and SDa (5.57±2.26) % vs (3.11±1.13) %, bothP<0.05. Furthermore, Compared with Control group, Non-LA enlargement subgroup had decreased PALS, SRs, ACLS and SRa, allP<0.05; while increased SDs and SDa, bothP<0.05. Logistic regression analysis indicated that compared with traditional parameters, SDs and SDa could more effectively distinguish LAF patients from normal subjects (SDs with the sensitivity 83%, speciifcity 72% and SDa with the sensitivity 81%, speciifcity 76%). Elevated SDa and SDs were the best predictors for post-operative AF recurrence (SDs with the sensitivity 80%, speciifcity 71% and SDa with the sensitivity 86%, speciifcity 79%). Conclusion: 2D-STE may detect LA dysfunction and dyssynchrony in LAF patients, abnormal parameters could be found in LAF patients without LA enlargement. SDs and SDa were the best predictors for post-operative AF recurrence.

Objective To study the expression of extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) in preeclampsia placenta and the relation with preeclampsia attacks.Methods Forty-four samples from pregnant women with preeclampsia (preeclampsia group),38 samples from pregnant women with eclampsia,and 49 samples from normal pregnancies (control group) were obtained.We detected the expression of EMMPRIN in placenta by immunohistochemistry and the expression of EMMPRIN mRNA by RT-PCR,Results (1) EMMPRIN positive expression:in preeclampsia group,the moderate expression rate was 18% (8/44) and the strong positive rate was 9% (4/44);in eclampsia group moderate positive rate was 21% (8/38) and strong positive rate 13% (5/38).The difference of the two groups was insignificant (P＞0.05).In control group the moderate positive rate was 12% (6/49) and strong positive rate 82% (40/49),the difference from the preeclampsia and the eclampsia groups was significant (P＜0.001).(2)EMMPRIN mRNA expression:in preeclampsia group EMMPRIN mRNA expression in term placenta (37-40 gestational weeks) was 0.342?0.002,and in eclampsia group 0.344?0.023;the difference between the two groups was insignificant (P＞0.05).In control group EMMPRIN mRNA expression in term placenta (37-40 gestational weeks) was 0.872?0.094,the differences between the control group and preeclampsia and eclampsia groups were both significant (P＜0.001).Conclusion The decrease in the expression of EMMPRIN in placenta is an important cause of preeclampsia onset;expression rate of EMMPRIN may serve as an indicator in predicting preeclampsia.

Objective To explore the relationship between the degree of intraplaque neovascularization in carotid artery and the level of serum homocysteine.Methods Contrast-enhanced ultrasound were performed on 72 carotid atherosclerotic plaques of 48 patients.Contrast-enhancement within the plaque was categorizde as grade 1 to grade 3.The level of serum homocysteine were detected in the fasting state during the same period.Results According to the degree of contrast enhancement(grade 1 to 3),patients were divided into 3 groups.The more new vessels in plaque,the higher the level of homocysteine.The levels of homocysteine in three groups increased in turn.There were distinct differences among the three groups(F =18.49,P ＜0.05),and there was significant difference between every two groups (P ＜0.05).The linear correlation analysis showed that the level of homocysteine was positively correlated with the degree of carotid plaque enhancement (r =0.66,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Contrastenhanced ultrasonography could semi-quantitate new vessles in plaque.There was positive correlation between the degree of intraplaque neovascularization with the level of serum homocysteine.Combine with the level of serum homocysteine based on intraplaque neovascularization detected by contrast-enhanced ultrasound,the plaque stability could be more accurately evaluated.

Based on single factor tests,the optimum vacuum belt drying conditions of Qibai Pingfei granule were obtained through Box-Benhnken central combination design and RSM. In this study, drying time, drying temperature and extract density were chosen as independent variables, while transferring rate ginsenoside Rg₁, Re, Rb₁and astragaloside IV were taken as dependent variables. The optimum parameters are as follows: drying time of 112 min, drying temperature of 87 °C and extract density of 1.30 g · mL⁻¹. At the optimum condition, transferring rate ginsenoside Rg₁+ Re, Rb₁and astragaloside IV were 88.01%, 87.31%, 84. 34%. Above all, the optimum processing parameters of vacuum belt drying of Qibai Pingfei granule is reasonable and feasible, which can provide reliable basis for production.
Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; instrumentation ; methods ; Desiccation ; instrumentation ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Temperature ; Vacuum