An objective analysis of the status quo of the teaching of"Applied Writing"in medical colleges and universities is first conducted from the perspectives of insufficient importance attached to this course by the school authorities,lack of qualified teachers,lack of good textbooks tailored for medical schools,and unsatisfactory teaching effect and the concrete measures are pro-posed for improving and strengthening the teaching of this course.

97 cases of jaw bone fractures were treated with rigid internal fixation.16 cases had malocclusion postoperation.The etiology was analyzed and the prevention methods were proposed.Intermaxillary elastic traction or fixation and craniomaxillofacial fixation or craniomentum elastic traction were performed to treat the malocclusion.By this way,14 cases were cured.1 case was operated again to resume the normal occlusion,1 case received occlusal adjustment.Incomplete reduction,incorrect operative performance,deficiency of postoperative intermaxillary fixation and incorrect intermaxillary fixation were the main causes to malocclusion.So anatomic in time reduction,correct operative performance,intermaxillary fixation,application of craniomaxillofacial fixation or craniomentum elastic traction instead of intermaxillary fixation for some special cases are effective methods to correct postoperative malocclusion.

Objective By using multi detector row spiral CT (MDCT) to investigate the CT imaging findings of gallbladder abnormalities caused by hepatic parenchymal diseases and those of inflammatory cholecystitis. Methods CT and clinical data of 80 patients with gallbladder abnormalities were retrospectively reviewed. Fifty patients were in hepatic disease group, including 20 chronic hepatitis, 25 liver cirrhosis, and 5 cirrhosis with hepatocellular carcinoma. Thirty patients were in inflammatory group, including 19 chronic cholecystitis, 6 acute cholecystitis, 3 cholecystitis with acute pancreatitis, 1 gangrenous cholecystitis, and 1 xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis. All patients underwent MDCT plain scan and contrast enhanced dual phase scanning of upper abdomen. Results In hepatic disease group, 48 cases had evenly thickened gallbladder wall (96%) with mean thickness of (3.67?0.49) mm; 38 cases had clear gallbladder outlines (76%); 38 cases had gallbladder wall enhancement of various degree (76%); 14 cases had gallbladder bed edema and localized non dependant pericholecystic fluid collection (28%). In inflammatory cholecystitis group, 28 cases had obscuring gallbladder outlines (93%) ; 26 cases had gallbladder wall evenly thickened (87%), 4 cases showed unevenly thicked wall (13%), the mean thickness being (4.54?1.14) mm; 30 cases had inhomogenous enhancement of the gallbladder wall (100%); 9 cases had high attenuation bile (30%); 4 cases had dependant pericholecystic fluid collection (13%); 5 cases had transient enhancement of adjacent hepatic bed in arterial phase (17%); micro abscess and gas in the gallbladder wall was observed in 1 case respectively. Conclusion MDCT can offer imaging findings useful for differentiating abnormal gallbladder changes caused by hepatic parenchymal diseases from those due to inflammatory cholecystitis.

Objective To evaluate CTA characteristics of anomalous origin of coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ACAPA).Methods The clinical data of 24 patients with ACAPA were retrospectively analyzed,and the results of CTA were compared with operation.Results In 24 ACAPA cases,20 cases (20/24,83.33％) occurred in the left coronary artery (LCA),1 case (1/24,4.17％) was in the right coronary artery (RCA),1 case (1/24,4.17％) was in the anterior descending artery (LAD) and 2 cases (2/24,8.33 ％) were in the circumflex artery (LCX).The origins of coronary anomalies originated from the posterior wall of the pulmonary sinus or pulmonary trunk in 11 cases (11/24,45.83 ％),left wall in 7 cases (7/24,29.17％),right wall in 4 cases (4/24,16.67％),originated in the left pulmonary artery in 2 cases (2/24,8.33％).Collateral circulation:Infant type was in 5 cases,no collateral vessels between the coronary artery was observed;adult type was in 19 cases,of which 16 cases were of abnormal origin of the LCA and RCA,1 case was of LAD,2 cases were of LCX.The double LAD and coronary arteries with an intramural segment were found in 1 case respectively.Surgery were performed in 19 cases.Five cases were reviewed by CTA,1 case with anastomotic stenosis of LCX,1 case with restenosis of right ventricular outflow tract and 1 case with coronary pseudoaneurysm.Conclusion CTA can clearly show the origin of abnormal coronary artery,the distance from the ascending aorta,collateral vessels,combined with other coronary artery malformations,which can help surgical preparation of preoperative surgical approach,and postoperative follow-up.

ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effect of combination of triptolide and irbesartan on the podocytes in a type 2 diabetic(T2DM) rat model,and evaluate its mechanism.Methods T2DM rats were induced by fed with high-sucrose-high-fat diet combined with a low dose of streptozocin.The rats were randomly divided into 5 groups:normal control group ( NC,n =10),diabetes group ( DM,n =11),triptolide treatment group (DT,n =12),irbesartan treatment group (DI,n =12) and triptolide combined with irbesartan treatment group (DTI,n =13). Ultrastructure of podocytes was observed by electronic microscopy and urinary albumin (UAL) excretion by ELISA was determined after 8 weeks.The expression of nephrin and bone morphogenetic protein-7(BMP-7), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF),transforming growth factor (TGF)β1 mRNA and proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry,real-time PCR and Western blot. Results Increased UAL was significantly attenuated in all treatment groups.Compared to NC group,UAL in DM group was increased significantly (0.45 ± 0.09 vs 6.36 ± 0.87,P ＜ 0.01 ),while decreased in triptolide or irbesartan alone treatment group (2.48 ± 0.37 and 2.68 ±0.42,both P ＜ 0.01 ).Compared with those in control groups,kidney expression of nephrin,BMP-7 mRNA and proteins were downregulated while CTGF, TGFβ1 mRNA and proteins were significantly upregulated in T2DM rats. Triptolide or irbesartan each alone moderately ameliorated albuminuria and podocyte damage.However,their combined usage showed a dramatic therapeutic synergism,manifested by prevention of progressive albuminuria,restoration of the glomerular filtration barrier,reversal of the decline in slit diaphragm proteins,reduction expression of CTGF,TGFβ1,and upregulation of BMP-7.Conclusion Our findings show that triptolide can increase the efficacy of irbesartan,leading to a more effective prevention of kidney disease in T2DM rat model,which may through upregulation of BMP-7 and inhibition the overexpression of CTGF and TGFβ1.

Objective To investigate the changes of lead,zinc,copper,iron and calcium in blood of chronic poisoned infantal mice.(Methods) Forty-eight 21 day-old kunzea mice were randomly divided into 4 groups,each having 12 mice.Distilled water group was as control group and other three lead acetate poisoning groups had a dose of 10,20,40 mg/kg,respectively.The poisoning was carried out by lavage once a day,and consecutively for 46 days.Eyeballs of mice were picked then for blood sampling,and BS trace element analysis grapher was used to determine level of lead,zinc,copper and iron.Level of calcium was measured by Dimentional-RXL auto-biochemistry analysis meter.Results The lead and zinc levels in poisoned mice blood were increased with increasing lead acetate level administration,while zinc level changed inversely with lead acetate level.Significant differences were shown among control group and poisoning groups in terms of lead(P0.05).Conclusion Lead posioning can lead to zinc decreasing and copper(increa)-sing,which suggests that zinc works as a poential antidote of lead poisoning.

A sesquiterpene synthase (AsSS4) full-length open reading frame (ORF) cDNA was cloned from wounded stems of Aquilaria sinensis by RT-PCR method. The result showed that the ORF of AsSS4 was 1,698 bp encoding 565 amino acids. Prokaryotic expression vector pET28a-AsSS4 was constructed and transformed into E. coli BL21 (DE3) pLysS. Recombinant AsSS4 protein was obtained after induction by IPTG and SDS-PAGE analysis with a MW of 64 kD. Enzymatic reactions using farnesyl pyrophosphate showed that recombinant AsSS4 protein purified by Ni-agarose gel yielded five sesquiterpene compounds, cyclohexane, 1-ethenyl-1-methyl-2, 4-bis(1-methylethenyl)-, β-elemene, α-guaiene, α-caryophyllene and δ-guaiene. This paper reported the first cloning and functional characterization of AsSS4 gene from A. sinensis, which will establish a foundation for future studies on the molecular mechanisms of wound-induce agarwood formation in A. sinensis
Alkyl and Aryl Transferases ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Azulenes ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary ; Escherichia coli ; Open Reading Frames ; Polyisoprenyl Phosphates ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; Sesquiterpenes ; metabolism ; Sesquiterpenes, Guaiane ; Thymelaeaceae ; enzymology ; genetics

Calcitonin gene-related peptide( CGRP) is the strongest vasodilator discovered to date,the synthesis and release of CGRP are regulated by multiple factors.CGRP possesses multiple biological func-tions,such as vasodilator,myocardial strengthener,lung protector,brain protector,immunomodulator.It plays an important role in regulating the function in the body.

Objective To analyze the clinical pathology features of light-chain amyloidosis associated renal disease,and investigate the survival influential factors. Method From January 1998 to March 2009,25 patients with light-chain amyloidosis associated renal disease were reviewed and followed up.Results Of the 25 patients with light-chain amyloidosis associated renal disease,median age was 57(37-69) years old and lamda light-chain predominated (88% ,22/25). Heavy proteinuria and nephrotic syndrome with peripheral edema were typical clinical presentations. Renal biopsy showed that amyloid deposition of light-chain amyloidosis associated renal disease involved the glomeruh mostly, with mesangial area widening. Median survival of all patients was 24.4 months after diagnosis. The estimated 1,2,3 year survival rate was (65 ± 10 )%, (46 ± 12 )% and (15 ± 12 )% respectively. There was significant difference in median survival between the two groups (24.7 months in the group of 14 patients with isolated kidney affected,16.4 months in the group of 11 patients with kidney and other organs involved,P = 0.03). By univariate analysis, kidney associated with other organs amyloidosis and renal dysfunction were relevant to prognosis (P ＜ 0.05) and heart involvement was probably relevant (P = 0.06),whereas sex,age,plasma cell ratio,serum albumin level and hemoglobin level had no relation(P＞ 0.05 ). Multivariate analysis revealed that renal dysfunction at the time of diagnosis was a significant and independent prognostic factor for survival (P ＜0.05). Conclusions Renal dysfunction at the time of diagnosis is the best predictor of survival. The presence of amyloidosis in organs other than the kidney, such as advanced cardiac amyloidosis, predicts a poor survival.

Objective To observe the effects of different compatibility ratios of Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix on vascular intimal hyperplasia; To ascertain the effective compatibility of Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix for antagonizing vascular intimal hyperplasia. Methods SD rats were divided into different groups by baseline geometric design method: Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix different compatibility ratios groups, Astragali Radix group, Angelicae Sinensis Radixgroup, positive medicinegroup and sham-operation group. A model of intimal hyperplasia of thoracoabdominal aorta was established by balloon catheter injury in vascular endothelium of rats. Then the thoracoabdominal aorta was taken out after gavage of Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix with different compatibility ratios for 14 days. Bloodletting was used to take thoracoabdominal aorta. Masson staining and Morphometric methods were used to analyze the intimal hyperplasia. Results IA, IT, HRIA and HRIT increased 14 day after intimal injury. Compared with the model group, IA, IT, HRIA and HRIT in Angelicae Sinensis Radix group, Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix 1:2 group, Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix 1:5 group, Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix 1:1 group and Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix 5:1 group were lower, and the effects of Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix 1:1 ratio were strongest. The effects on intimal hyperplasia in Astragali Radix group and Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis 2:1 group had no significant differences compared with model group. Conclusion Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis can inhibit vascular intimal hyperplasia in a certain compatibility ratios, and the effects of Astragali Radix and Angelicae Sinensis Radix 1:1 on intimal hyperplasia are the best.