Objective To discuss human papilloma virus(HPV)prevalence and HPV genotypes distribution and the infection factors,to provide scientific guidance for the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer.Methods From March to November in 2009,605 women received cervical HPV testing in the Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University,to obtain specimens of cervical cytology,rapid flow-through hybridization technique (namely Hybribio flow-through hybridization)was used to detect HPV genotypes simultaneously.Single-factor and multivariate factors non-conditional Logistic regression analytic method was used to discuss the relationship between HPV infection of females and age,marital condition,level of education,level of income,occupation,initial age for sex,contraception,number of pregnancies,delivery approach and smoking.Results HPV infection rate was 21.49%(130/605),the positive rate of HPV infection in high-risk subtypes was 15.70%(95/605),the most common type was 5.29%(32/605)in the samples.Single factor non-conditional logistic regression model analysis showed that initial age for sex was the risk factor(X2=4.4618,P<0.05),HPV prevalence increased with a lower initial age for.sex reduced.But there was no significant difference in age,marital condition,education,income,occupation,contraception,number of pregnancy,delivery approach and smoking teams(X2=0.0525,1.8510,1.0348,0.2592,1.1176,1.5664,2.8835,1.4597,2.6161,all P>0.05).The analysis of multivariate factors nonconditional Logistic regression showed that the age of initially having sex,marital status and number of pregnancies were the risk factors(X2=21.6637,8.0574,15.7573,all P<0.05).Conclusions The risk factors for HPV infection are mainly about having sex too young,marital status and number of pregnancies,attention should be paid to screening for HPV.

Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; etiology ; therapy ; Gap Junctions ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; adverse effects

Objective To understand the current cognition status of stroke rehabilitation nursing knowledge in young nurses of the department of neurology.Methods Self-designed questionnaires were used for investigating 273 young nurses between 20 and 30 years old of the department of neurology of 4 tertiary hospitals in Zhengzhou.Results The current status of stroke rehabilitation nursing knowledge of the nurses surveyed was generally at a low level.There were no significant differences among nurses with different education degrees,professional titles and whether their relatives suffered from stroke.However,there were significant differences among nurses with different professional lives and whether the department carried out rehabilitation care.Conclusions Nursing educators and managers need to find a new way to improve the level of stroke rehabilitation nursing knowledge of the young nurses.

Objective By using multi detector row spiral CT (MDCT) to investigate the CT imaging findings of gallbladder abnormalities caused by hepatic parenchymal diseases and those of inflammatory cholecystitis. Methods CT and clinical data of 80 patients with gallbladder abnormalities were retrospectively reviewed. Fifty patients were in hepatic disease group, including 20 chronic hepatitis, 25 liver cirrhosis, and 5 cirrhosis with hepatocellular carcinoma. Thirty patients were in inflammatory group, including 19 chronic cholecystitis, 6 acute cholecystitis, 3 cholecystitis with acute pancreatitis, 1 gangrenous cholecystitis, and 1 xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis. All patients underwent MDCT plain scan and contrast enhanced dual phase scanning of upper abdomen. Results In hepatic disease group, 48 cases had evenly thickened gallbladder wall (96%) with mean thickness of (3.67?0.49) mm; 38 cases had clear gallbladder outlines (76%); 38 cases had gallbladder wall enhancement of various degree (76%); 14 cases had gallbladder bed edema and localized non dependant pericholecystic fluid collection (28%). In inflammatory cholecystitis group, 28 cases had obscuring gallbladder outlines (93%) ; 26 cases had gallbladder wall evenly thickened (87%), 4 cases showed unevenly thicked wall (13%), the mean thickness being (4.54?1.14) mm; 30 cases had inhomogenous enhancement of the gallbladder wall (100%); 9 cases had high attenuation bile (30%); 4 cases had dependant pericholecystic fluid collection (13%); 5 cases had transient enhancement of adjacent hepatic bed in arterial phase (17%); micro abscess and gas in the gallbladder wall was observed in 1 case respectively. Conclusion MDCT can offer imaging findings useful for differentiating abnormal gallbladder changes caused by hepatic parenchymal diseases from those due to inflammatory cholecystitis.

The authors helpfully discuss the design idea,experimental module design,examination methods,and experiment textbook construction in experimental teaching of microbiology,and conduct further researches on the basic skill training,verifying experiment,integrative experiment,and investigative experiment in the course. This study aims to enhance effects of the experimental teaching,to cultivate high potential talents who can master essential knowledge and skills,and creatively carry out scientific research.

Objective To investigate the changes of lead,zinc,copper,iron and calcium in blood of chronic poisoned infantal mice.(Methods) Forty-eight 21 day-old kunzea mice were randomly divided into 4 groups,each having 12 mice.Distilled water group was as control group and other three lead acetate poisoning groups had a dose of 10,20,40 mg/kg,respectively.The poisoning was carried out by lavage once a day,and consecutively for 46 days.Eyeballs of mice were picked then for blood sampling,and BS trace element analysis grapher was used to determine level of lead,zinc,copper and iron.Level of calcium was measured by Dimentional-RXL auto-biochemistry analysis meter.Results The lead and zinc levels in poisoned mice blood were increased with increasing lead acetate level administration,while zinc level changed inversely with lead acetate level.Significant differences were shown among control group and poisoning groups in terms of lead(P0.05).Conclusion Lead posioning can lead to zinc decreasing and copper(increa)-sing,which suggests that zinc works as a poential antidote of lead poisoning.

Rhei Rhizoma is a Chinese medicine with multiple botanical origins. There is a problem to identify it with conventional methods. To compare the characteristics of chloroplast matK gene sequences of different Rheum species and authenticate inspected species, the matK gene sequences of different species from different origins were amplified, cloned, and sequenced. Genomic DNA of Rheum plants was extracted using modified DNA extracted Kit and matK gene sequences were analyzed by ContingExpress, DNAman and MEGA5.0. The length of matK gene sequences of Rheum palmatum, R. tanguticum and R. officinale were 1 518 bp containing 57 variable loci. According to the mutation sites, R. palmatum, R. tanguticum and R. officinale were divided into different genotypes separately. Based on the established method according to the loci 587, 707, 838, we successfully identified the genuine Rheum species from its adulterants.

Objective To study the value of carotid plaque magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in pre-operation assessment in the elderly patients with carotid atherosclerosis and explore the possibility of minimizing the contrast weightings to gain sweeptime. Methods Totally 70 elderly patients with cerebral ischemia (average age of 68.8 years) underwent carotid MRI and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) due to the appearance of carotid plaque detected by ultrasound. Carotid plaque MRI was acquired with 3.0T MR scanner and 8 channel surface coil. The standard carotid plague MRI program included pre-and post-contrast T1 weighted imaging (T1WI), T2 weighted imaging, proton density weighted imaging and 3D time of flight MR angiography (3D TOF MRA). All these program were divided into two combinations: the 5-sequence MRI (all the sequences) and 2-sequence MRI (T1WI and TOF MRA). Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) in coronal and lateral views of carotid artery was performed with GE Advantx LCN+. The software SPSS 13.0 was used to statistically analyze the difference between MRI and DSA, and that of two sequence combinations was used in the detection of luminal stenosis and fibrous cap (FC) rupture. Results Totally 135 arteries were analyzed while 3 arteries in one patient were excluded due to the poor quality image and stent placement. The degree of luminal stenosis were (38.3±31.0)% and (38.5±30.9)%, respectively, detected by the two MRI sequence-combination with no significant difference (t=2.447, P＞0.05) and was (35.1±31.8)% by DSA. There was a good concordance between MRI and DSA in luminal stenosis detection (Kappa value: 0.773). No statistical difference was found between two MR sequence combinations in detecting FC rupture (both in 36 vessels). DSA detected FC rupture of 16 vessels, showing remarkably difference contrast to MRI(χ2=12.0, P＜0.01). Conclusions MRI can accurately detect the luminal stenosis and FC rupture. The short time scanning resulting from sequence optimization could make MRI much more suitable than DSA to do the pre-operation assessment for senile carotid atherosclerotic patients.

Objective To compare the efficacy of MRI and DSA in assessment of carotid artery stenosis and atherosclerotic plaque.Methods Forty-six patients with carotid plaque detected by ultrasound were enrolled in this study,and 89 carotid arteries were evaluated by MRI and DSA.MRI examination was acquired with 3.0 T MR scanner and 8 channel phase-array surface coil.The MRI sequences consisted of pre-and post-contrast T1WI,T2WI,PDWI,TOF.Anterior-posterior and lateral views of carotid artery were performed on DSA.The degree of carotid artery stenosis was evaluated by the NASCET standard.Fibrous cap rupture,intraplaque hemorrhage,and calcification were also evaluated on MRI and DSA.Statistical comparison was performed with the Kappa value and paired Chi-square test.Results The degree of carotid artery stenosis was 50％ (16％-78％) on MRI and 47％ (7％-73％) on DSA.Two imaging modalities were in good consistency in evaluation of the degree of stenosis ( Kappa =0.882,P ＜ 0.01 ).There was statistical difference in detecting fibrous cap rupture by MRI and DSA (34 vessels vs 10 vessels,respectively,x2 =20.346,P ＜ 0.01 ).Furthermore,thirty-seven vessels with intraplaque hemorrhage and 71 vessels with calcification in the plaque were found on MRI but none on DSA.Conclusion MRI is a reliable tool in assessment of the degree of the carotid stenosis and it is superior to DSA in detecting fibrous cap rupture,intraplaque hemorrhage,and calcification.

Based on the analysis of definition and the causes of excessive medical treatment, this paper discus-ses the harm of excessive medical treatment concretely, including increased health care costs, the waste of medical resources, worsening doctor-patient conflicts that influence the development of holistic medicine. And in the per-spective of ethics, professional spirit and the humanistic quality, it puts forward the prevention and countermeasures to solve the problem of excessive medical treatment.