Sedation and analgesia for ventilated patients is an important treatment in intensive care unit (ICU). Patients receiving mechanical ventilation therapy comfortably and safely can improve patient-ventilator synchrony, reduce ventilation-related lung injury (VILI), improve compliance, decrease oxygen consumption and stress, prevent accidents, and reduce the incidence of complications and mortality in critical patients. Although sedation mayprotect lung function, it also has a greater impact on respiratory function. Therefore, based on domestic and overseas related researches about sedation therapy in ventilated patients, we expounded on the effects of sedation therapy, different sedatives and different sedative methods on respiratory function of ventilated patients. The effects of sedation improving patient-ventilator synchrony or protecting pulmonary function as well as problems about inhibition of spontaneous respiration or delayed extubation were discussed to provide references for sedation treatment in patients with mechanical ventilation.

Objective To evaluate the association between serum ferritin and the risk of cardiovascular disease among the Chinese population.Methods Based on the data from China Health and Nutrition Survey 2009, we used the Framingham risk score to calculate the 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease and analyzed the association between serum ferritin and the risk of cardiovascular disease in different gender by logistic regression analysis.Results Among 6 551 respondents, 3 035 (46.3%) were males and 3 516 ( 53.7%) were females whose mean age were ( 49.3 ±13.8 ) and ( 49.2 ±13.7 ) years, respectively.The median level of serum ferritin was 75.08 ( 36.71 -138.75 )μg/L.According to the 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease calculated by the Framingham risk score , the low risk group, middle risk group and high risk group were accounted for 79.5%( n=5 207 ) , 15.7% ( n=1 028 ) and 4.8%( n=316), respectively.The median of serum ferritin (121.61 vs.46.14, P<0.01) and the Framingham risk score (8.6 ±6.0 vs.7.3 ±1.6, P<0.01) of males were higher than those of females.The percentages of the middle risk group ( 30.6% vs.2.8%) and high risk group ( 9.8% vs.0.5%) of 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease in males were higher than those in females ( P <0.01 ).The 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease ≥10%increased with the increasing of serum ferritin in females ( trend P<0.01 ) but not in males.Conclusion Serum ferritin levels are positively correlated with the risk of cardiovascular disease in female Chinese.

Objective To study the effect of 2?-(3-hydroxypropoxy)-Calcitriol (ED-71) on the cell growth and differentiation of human osteoblast-like cell line OS-732. Methods Osteoblast-like cells were cultured with various concentration of ED-71.The effects of ED-71 on proliferation and differentiation were detected by (MTT), alkaline phosphatase activity and level of osteocalcin (bone gla protein,BGP). Results The proliferation rate of osteoblast-like cells cultured for 4 days was significantly inhibited by 10~ -7mol/L concentration of ED-71. ED-71 in 10~ -8, 10~ -9mol/L concentration can significantly increase BGP level, but ED-71 in 10~ -7mol/L concentration may decrease BGP level.Alkaline phosphatase activity compared with control was not changed significantly. Conclusions ED-71 can inhibit cell growth in high concentration and improve cell differentiation in lower concentration.

Objective:To review clinical experience of PICC parenteral nutritoin in the acute and severe patients.Methods:Basilic vein,median vein and brachiocephalic vein were selected for PICC.Results:Insertion and use of PICC were successful in 56 cases with success rate of 93.33%.The parenteral nutrition was carriedout in 32 cases.There was no infection and phlebitis.2 cases failed in puncture. Conclusion:There was important clinical significance with the use of PICC in acute and severe patients.

The precise measurement in lens thickness in vivo, provides great application value for intraocular accommodation and ametropia development mechanism research.And it has great clinical significance for the diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma and cataract.Currently, many ultrasonic methods and optical methods are used in measuring lens thickness.The measurement principles, advantages, disadvantages and the accuracy of the instruments are summarized in this paper.Among these methods, Orbscan II, Pentacam, Lenstar and AS-OCT can be used to measure lens thickness instead of A-scan.More important is the fact that UL-OCT can dynamically monitor the change of the lens thickness with intraocular accommodation.Choosing an instrument with higher measuring accuracy to examine the lens thickness, can provide more accurate and convincing lens thickness data for clinical and scientific research.

Objective To investigate the correlation between interleukin-1β(IL-1β),interleukin-1 receptor antagonist(IL-1 ra)and the obesity of polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS).Methods(1)From Oct.2006 to Jan.2007,118 PCOS patients were enrolled in this study in Peking University Third Hospital,which were divided into 56 patients in obese PCOS group and 62 patients in non-obese PCOS group according to the WHO International Obesity Task Force Asia-Pacific criteria[body mass index(BMI)25 kg/m2].The polymorphism of IL-1β gene promoter region,exon-5 and intron 2 of IL-1 ra gene were detected by PCR.(2)Twenty-nine obese PCOS patients and 31 non-obese PCOS patients were selected randomizedly serum levels of IL-1β,IL-1 ra were measured by ELISA,in the mean time,serum levels of fasting glucose,fasting insulin and the total white blood cell,hypersensitive C-reactive protein levels were measured.Results(1)Genetic test:the frequency of TT genotype and T allele of IL-1β promoter region(-511)in obese PCOS patients were significantly higher than those in non-obese patients(44.6％ vs.11.3％,63.4％ vs.39.5％,all P ＜0.05).The frequency of IL-1 ra Ⅰ / Ⅴ genotype and Ⅴ allele of IL-1 ra gene were 19.6％ and 9.8％ in obese PCOS patients,which were significantly higher than those in non-obese group(3.2％ and 1.6％,P ＜0.05).(2)Serological test:serum level of IL-1β and IL-1ra of(149 ±36)and(284 ±97)ng/L in obese PCOS group which were significantly higher than those in non-obese PCOS group[(96 ± 42)and(208 ± 84)ng/L,P ＜ 0.05].Fasting blood glucose,fasting insulin and hypersensitive C-reactive protein and white blood cell count were(5.1 ± 0.7)mmol/L,(17 ± 9)mU/L,(1.5 ± 0.6)mg/L and(7.0 ± 2.3)× 109/L in obese PCOS group,which were significantly higher than in non-obese PCOS group[(4.9 ±0.5)mmol/L,(11 ±8)mU/L,(0.9 ±0.4)mg/L and(5.9 ±1.3)× 109/L,P＜0.05].(3)The correlation between interleukin and BMI: serum levels of IL-1β(r =0.673)and IL-1 ra(r =0.557)were positively correlated with BMI in PCOS patients(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Inflammatory factors IL-1β and IL-1ra had correlation with obesity of PCOS patients,PCOS patients who carried T allele of IL-1β gene promoter region(-511)and Ⅴ allele of IL-1ra gene were high risk of obesity.

Objective To study the relationship between balance function and attention in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD),and guide the clinical intervention and training of ADHD.Methods The Tetrax balance system and the CPT were conducted among 124 ADHD children (age 6.0-14 years) and the normal controls.Results (1) The balance function was different between ADHD and normal controls.In junior grade of elementary school,the Fourier score of ADHD children was significantly higher than that of the normal control group in F1,F2-F4 and F5-F6 (P＜0.05).In senior grade of elementary school,the Fourier score of ADHD children was significantly higher than normal controls in F2-F4 and F5-F6 (P＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference between ADHD and normal controls in junior high school.(2) There was correlation between balance function and attention in children with ADHD.In junior grade of elementary school,the full scale attention quotient was negatively correlated with F2-4,F5-6,F7-8 (P=0.018,0.009,0.010; rs =-0.146,-0.203,-0.189),and the visual attention quotient were negatively correlated with F1,F2-4,F7-8 (P =0.043,0.039,0.046 ; r s =-0.062,-0.071,-0.112).In senior grade of elementary school,the full scale attention quotient was negatively correlated with F5-6,F7-8 (P=0.015,0.033; rs =-0.217,-0.172),and the visual attention quotient were negatively correlated with F1,F7-8(P=0.037,0.045; rs =-0.051,-0.101).In junior high school,the negative correlation was existed between the visual attention quotient with F7-8 (P=0.038,r s =-0.114).Conclusion ADHD children have deficit balance.The balance function of ADHD children matures gradually.There is internal connection between balance and attention,especially for visual attention.

Cardiovascular disease, with high morbidity and mortality, has been threatening the health of human beings. Therefore, expecting to find a more effective therapeutic method, a plenty of researchers devote themselves to the study of the cardiovascular disease all the time. Since discovered on the heart, M3 receptor of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAchR, M receptor) became a new starting point of the research of the cardiovascular disease. With more and more investigation, many people found that M3 receptor could protect the heart from kinds of cardiovascular disease, which may make it a new hopeful therapeutic point. So, expecting to give support to the reference and encouragement for the study of disease related to M3 receptor in future, this review expounds M3 receptor on the heart from the main following aspects: the effect on the heart, the influence on the cardiovascular disease and the mechanism of M3 receptor involved.
Cardiovascular Diseases ; prevention & control ; Heart ; physiology ; physiopathology ; Humans ; Receptor, Muscarinic M3 ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo explore the distribution features of Chinese medical constitutions in different ages population, thus providing scientific evidence of constitution process theory.

METHODSRecruited were 21 948 cases from a survey of Chinese medical constitutions and health conditions in 9 provinces or municipalities across China (including Jiangsu, Anhui, Gansu, Qinghai, Fujian, Beijing, Jilin, Jiangxi, and Henan) from Dec 2005 to Jan 2007. The body constitution type of individual was diagnosed using discriminant analysis on the basis of Chinese medical constitution questionnaire. By using correspondence analysis, the correlation between the general population, genders, ages, and Chinese medical constitution types was studied.

RESULTSConstitutions of yin-deficiency type, wetness-heat type, qi-depression type, and special diathesis type often occurred in the population ranging 15 -24 years old. Gentleness type mostly occurred in the population ranging 25 -44 years old. During this time period, phlegm-wetness type and wetness-heat type were liable to occur in males, while blood-stasis type was liable to occur in females. Qi-deficiency type and yang-deficiency type were most often seen in those older than 45 years. Phlegm-wetness type and blood-stasis type body constitution were also liable to occur in those older than 45 years.

CONCLUSIONSThe distribution features were different in different Chinese medical constitutions. Different constitution types exist in different genders. Different constitution types exist different ages population.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Body Constitution ; China ; Discriminant Analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Qi ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Yang Deficiency ; Yin Deficiency