A clinically isolated syndrome(CIS) is a term that describes a first clinical episode in which a patient has symptoms and signs suggestive of an inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the central nervous system.And it often affects optic nerves,the brainstem,or the spinal cord,and 30％-70％ of the CIS patients may develop multiple sclerosis(MS).Disease-modifying treatments may delay the development from CIS to MS.Their use in CIS is limited because of uncertain long-term clinical prognosis,treatment benefits and adverse effects.This article reviews the advances of predictive markers of conversion to MS after a CIS,in order to provide the reference for clinical treatment.

Objective To investigate the effect of Williams life skills training (WLST) on self-efficacy. Methods Sixty-eight newly contracted nurses during March to May 2014 in our hospital were assigned in the control group , and another sixty-eight newly-contracted nurses during March to May 2015 in our hospital in the intervention group. After the implementation of Williams life skills training, the two groups were compared in terms of transition impact and self-efficacy using the transition impact scale and general self-efficacy scale (GSES). Result After the intervention, the scores on transition impact as well as its dimensions in the intervention group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05) and the scores on self-efficacy as well as its dimensions in the intervention group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion WLST can be effective in the intervention on the newly-graduated nurses and it can effectively improve the extent of transition impact as well as their self-efficacy levels.

Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Psoriasis ; therapy

Objective To understand the current situation and influencing factors of humanistic care ability of nurses in emergency department. Methods A total of 101 nurses in the emergency department of our hospital were selected to conduct a questionnaire survey using the Humanistic Care Ability Inventory (CAI). The influencing factors of humanistic care ability of nurses in emergency department by multiple regressions were analyzed. Results The total score of humanistic care ability of emergency department nurses was 220.50 ± 3.41, and there were significant differences between the total scores of all dimensions and foreign conventional model (t=3.07-5.98, P<0.05), indicating that nurses′humanistic care ability were at a high level. In the three dimensions, the orders of the total scores from high to low were:cognitive dimension, courage dimension, and patience dimension. There was statistically significance among the different grades, different titles, family members and colleagues with different caring ability degree (F=3.92-48.98, P<0.05). The higher of the grades, the titles, and the caring degree of the family and the colleagues, the stronger the humanistic care ability was obtained. There was no significant difference between all dimension scores and the total scores of male and female nurses (t=0.93-1.70, P > 0.05). There was no difference in the humanistic care ability of nurses with different sexes. Multivariate regression analysis showed that the grades and the care degree of colleagues was the most influential factor for influencing the humanistic care ability of nurses in emergency department. Conclusions Humanistic nursing ability of emergency department nurses was at a high level. Through strengthening of the nursing ability of the low-grade nurses, it can effectively improve the nurses' humanistic nursing care ability, and promote the successful development of the quality nursing work.

Objective To understand the mechanism of extracts of Hedysarum ploybotrys hand Ma22 on Schwann cell,we studied the effects of the extracts on protein tyrosine kinase (PTKs) in vitro Methods Getting sciatic nerve by operation from SD rats and cultured them in PRMI 1640 medium with 15% embryo bovine serum and with Hedysarum Ploybotrys Hand Ma22 at rate of 1∶1 600,1∶3 200,1∶6 400,1∶12 800 or with nerve growth factor (NGF) NGF as positive control and normal medium as negative one After 48,72 and 96 hours cultures,the sciatic nerve been captured separately and used to examine the activity of PTKs by [? 32 P] ATP incorporation test using protein tyrosine kinase assay system Result In normal culture condition,there are no active PTKs Cultured with NGF and Hedysarum Ploybotrys Hand Ma22,the activity of PTKs increases notable The peak of NGF group appears at 48th hours and 96th hours were 0 0636 and 0 1548 respectively. Hedysarum Ploybotrys Hand Ma22 at 48th hours were 0 4460,0 3326 and 0 4169 at concintration of 1∶1 600,1∶3 200,1∶6 400, and decrease after it. Rank sum test show the correlations to time were negative ( P

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical effect of Lingtong Capsule (LC) in treating primary dysmenorrhea (PD).

METHODSTotally 59 PD patients took LC, while 59 patients in the placebo group took placebo capsule, two pills immediately when they felt dysmenorrhea. Their pain levels were quantitatively classified. The pain score was assessed at an interval of 30 min using visual analogue scale/score (VAS) while taking medicine and within two h after taking medicine. It was assessed as effective when the pain level was reduced by more than or equal to 50% within 2 h.

RESULTSThe total effective rate was 69.49% (41/ 59) in the LC group and 20.34% (12/59) in the placebo group (P < 0.01). The analgesia effect was obviously superior in the LC group 60 min after taking medicine (P < 0.01). LC showed better effect in treating mild, moderate, and severe PD (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONLC showed obvious analgesia effect on PD.

Adult ; Analgesics ; therapeutic use ; Double-Blind Method ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Dysmenorrhea ; drug therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Phytotherapy ; Visual Analog Scale ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To study the bacteriostatic action of Yiqing capsule against propionibacterium acnes and staphylococcus epidermidis in vitro.METHODS: Propionibacterium acnes and staphylococcus epidermidis were cultured by microplating method and routine plating,and the bacteriostatic action of different concentration of Yiqing capsule and its main components against propionibacterium acnes and staphylococcus epidermidis were determined by measuring their MICs.RESULTS: The MICs of Yiqing capsule and Scutellaria baicalensis extractum against propionibacterium acnes and staphylococcus epidermidis were 0.98 mg?mL-1 and 1 mg?mL-1,respectively,whereas the MICs of Radix et Rhizoma Rhei and Rhizoma Coptidis Scutellaria extractum against propionibacterium acnes and staphylococcus epidermidis were 1.96 mg?mL-1 and 1 mg?mL-1,respectively.CONCLUSION: Yiqing capsule showed satisfactory bacteriostatic action against the major pathogenic bacteria of acne.

Objective To design a public sentiment & panic degree analysis system for medical emergency.Methods Based on public sentiment monitoring through Internet,web-based data-mining technology was applied to measurement of public panic.Results A new idea for monitoring of public sentiment & panic degree during medical emergency was put forward.Conclusion Medical emergency results in not only material loss,but also public panic,and Internet makes public panic spread rapidly.The public sentiment & panic degree analysis system can provide decision support when the authorities perform emergency management.

Objective To understand the making of laws and regulations for banning smoking in the public places in big cities in China and to provide the reference for making a national code.Methods The methods of literature search and review were employed,as well as questionnaire survey.Results 45.7% of the big cities had the relevant local laws and(or)regulations and 10.4% of the codes were issued by the local People's Congress,1.3% by the other institutions.Definitions used in the local legal and regulatory codes are different.Of the local legal and regulatory codes,17.4% involved four to six types of the public places,68.7% involved seven to eight types and 13.9% involved nine to ten types.Among the codes,8.6% provided that smoke ban inspector should be appointed by the authority in charge,31.9% required the department where smoking is banned to appoint the inspector,58.6% did not request the appointment at all.As for the violating law unit,9.6% of the codes issued a fine of 5-500 Yuan,20.0% issued a fine of 500-1 000 Yuan,10.4% issued a fine of 1 000-2 000 Yuan and 9.6% issued a fine of 2 000-5 000 Yuan.As for the violating law individual,12.1% of the codes issued a 1-5 Yuan fine,22.4% issued a 5-10 Yuan and 10.3% issued a 20-100 Yuan.In 5.8% of the big cities,the codes were revised.Conclusion Up to now,there is no a national law for banning smoking in the public places in China.The effect of the local laws and regulations on banning smoking in the public places is not satisfactory.China still has a long way to go in controlling smoking in the public places compared with the advanced countries.

Incidence of ankle fractures is relatively high.Malunited ankle fractures result from inappropriate nonoperative treatment and incorrect surgery as well.It is not difficult to diagnose a malunited ankle fracture when taking history,symptoms and imaging examinations into consideration.Orthopaedic surgeons used to do ankle fusion for this kind of patients as the effect of reconstructive surgery is not clear.This article summarizes the diagnostic and therapeutic methods for ankle fracture malunion based on the articles from 1976 to 2015.More detailed therapeutic methods for deformities involving lateral malleolus,tibiofibular syndesmosis,medial malleolus and posterior malleolus are also reviewed.