Gene Expression Regulation ; immunology ; Gene Expression Regulation, Viral ; HIV Infections ; genetics ; immunology ; metabolism ; HIV-1 ; genetics ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunity, Innate ; genetics ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo explore the expression patterns of the chemokine CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 in human sperm.

METHODSWe collected semen samples from 10 fertile men, performed density gradient centrifugation, and then determined the expressions of both CXCL12 and CXCR4 in the sperm by RT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining.

RESULTSRT-PCR revealed the mRNA expressions of CXCL12 (0.641 +/- 0.180) and CXCR4 (0.464 +/- 0.100) in the sperm. However, only CXCR4 rather than CXCL12 was expressed at the protein level, and the positive staining for CXCR4 was observed mainly in the posterior part of the acrosome.

CONCLUSIONCXCL12 and CXCR4 are involved as important molecules in regulating the function of human sperm.

Acrosome ; metabolism ; Centrifugation, Density Gradient ; Chemokine CXCL12 ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Receptors, CXCR4 ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Spermatozoa ; metabolism

Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Autoimmune Diseases ; pathology ; Benzamides ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Movement ; Cell Survival ; Eosinophilia ; chemically induced ; pathology ; Eosinophils ; cytology ; physiology ; Helminthiasis ; pathology ; Humans ; Hypereosinophilic Syndrome ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Hypersensitivity ; pathology ; Imatinib Mesylate ; Piperazines ; therapeutic use ; Pyrimidines ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVEThe clinical results of restoring defective teeth with two types of glass fiber prothetic systems is investigated to acquire clinical experience for further application of glass fiber posts with independent intellectual property rights.

METHODSA total of 120 out-patients with restored defective teeth were selected from the Department of Stomatology, Beijing Xuanwu Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and randomly divided into two groups. OUYA FIBER posts and Tenax Fiber White posts were used to restore defective teeth in the experimental group and the control group, respectively. Clinical evaluation was conducted one week and three months post-restoration.

RESULTSBoth clinical satisfactory rates of OUYA FIBER posts and Tenax Fiber White posts were higher than 98% one week post-restoration and higher than 96% three months post-restoration. No significant differences were observed between the clinical results of restoring defective teeth with the two types of fiber posts. Throughout the healing process, no root canal fracture or marginal staining were observed.

CONCLUSIONOUYA FIBER post and Tenax Fiber White post showed similar clinical outcomes during the period of observation in this study. However, the long-term effects should be observed in future studies.

Dental Stress Analysis ; Glass ; Humans ; Post and Core Technique ; Resin Cements ; Tooth Fractures

The rat single-pass intestinal perfusion model was applied to study the effect of CYP3A and P-glycoprotein on the absorption of buagafuran in lumen of rats. Buagafuran concentrations in intestinal perfusate and blood in vena mesenterica collected at different time points after perfusion were determined by GC-MS. Permeability coefficient of buagafuran was calculated by the equation [P(lumen) = -(Q/2pirl)Ln(C(out)/C(in)) and P(blood) = (deltaM(B)/deltat)/(2pirl)]. The effects of troleandomycin (TAO, CYP3A inhibitor), cyclosporin A (CYP3A/p-glycoprotein inhibitor) on the absorption of buagafuran in lumen were observed. After rat single-pass intestinal perfusion, the cumulative amount of buagafuran in mesenteric vein of rat was 73.4, 82.9, and 98.3 pmol x cm(-2) and were increased 3.9, 4.6, and 5.6 fold by addition of inhibitor of P-gp (LSN335984), CYP3A (TAO) or P-gp and CYP3A (CsA), respectively. Moreover, the metabolized fraction of buagafuran was decreased by 12%, 11% and 21% with inhibitors. The results suggested that the poor bioavailability of buagafuran was mostly due to the interplay of P-gp and CYP3A on the absorption, transport and metabolism of buagafuran in intestine of rats.

Objective Modified Decoction for Driving Out Blood Stasis in the Blood Mannsion on ascites tumor model of transplanted H22 anti-tumor effect and the impact of VEGF. Methods Adult male mice 100, inoculated with H22 hepatoma cells, the establishment of ascites H22 transplanted tumor model, then divided into 10 groups were given saline, capecitabine, flavored Modified Decoction for Driving Out Blood Stasis in the Blood Mannsion (high, medium and low dose) was administered orally for 10 days, 11 days of treatment, observation of suppression tumor rate, the rate of change in life extension; detected by immunohistochemistry the expression of VEGF in tumors, SPSS13.0 software for statistical analysis. Results Capecitabine, flavored Xuefuzhuyutang (high, medium and low dose) inhibited tumor growth rates were 60%, 49%, 41%, 35%, life extension rate of the three groups were 1.68% 157.98%, 70.58%, 49.57% higher. Conclusion Modified Decoction for Driving Out Blood Stasis in the Blood Mannsion can inhibit tumor cell proliferation in tumor-bearing mice, significantly prolonged the survival time of mice, reduce the tumor tissue and tumor tissue expression of VEGF.

Objective To observe the effect of ethanol extract and ethyl acetate extract of Capparis Spinosa on the thickness of dermis,synthesis of collagen type Ⅰ,type Ⅲ,and expression of transforming growth factor-β1 in mouse models of scleroderma.Methods Mouse models of scleroderma were established through local injection of bleomycin on the back once a day for 4 weeks.After confirmation of model establishment,72 mouse models were equally and randomly divided into three groups.Two groups received topical treatment with ethanol extract of Capparis Spinosa and ethyl acetate extract of Capparis Spinosa,respectively,no treatment was given to the rest of the control group.After 2-,4-,6-week treatment,8 mice were sacrificed and tissue samples were obtained from the back,and subiected to the measurement of dermal thickness by HE staining,as well as to the analysis of expression of collagen type Ⅰ,collagen type Ⅲ and transforming growth factor-β1 by immunohistochemical staining.Results On week 2,4,6,the thickness of dermis was 23.22,24.94,19.97 μm respectively in mice treated with ethanol extract of Capparis Spinosa,27.66.26.15,22.13 μm respectively in those treated with ethyl acetate extract of Capparis Spinosa.Compared with the mouse models without treatment,the thickness of dermis significantly decreased(F=12.99,P＜0.01),the expression of collagen type Ⅰ(F=7.47,P＜0.01)and transforming growth factor-β1(F=11.76,P＜0.01)were also inhibited in those receiving treatment.However,the expression of collagen type Ⅲ was not affected obviously by the treatment.Conclusion The ethanol extract and ethyl acetate extract of Capparis Spinosa have the effect against skin fibrosis.

Objective To evaluate remedy therapy for biliary restenosis after repair of bile duct injury.Methods Clinical data of 60 patients with bile duct injury including 16 patients with restenosis after repair admitted to Renji Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine from January 2000 to December 2012 was retrospectively analyzed.Results 16 patients suffering from biliary duct restenosis included 3 cases of type Ⅱ 1 d,10 cases of type Ⅱ2 d,2 cases of type Ⅱ 3 d and 1 case of type Ⅱ 4 d.The reoperative procedures included hepatic hilar biliary plasty with bilioenteric anastomosis in 15 cases,right hemihepatectomy with left hepatic bilioenteric anastomosis in 1 case.Postoperative bile leakage in 3 cases and pleural effusion in 10 cases were cured by watchful therapy.All of the 16 cases were followed up with an average time of 5.2 years.No occurrence of cholangitis and elevated liver enzymes were observed up to now in 8 patients,increased γ-GT and ALP,no cholangitis but anastomotic stenosis as showed by MRCP in 6 patients with 2 patients neccesitating reoperation to address repeated cholangitis.Conclusions Restenosis after bile duct repair was closely associated with injury type,repair opportunity,repair methods and the surgeon's expertise.Precise preoperative evaluation,the choice of rational surgical approach,the clinging to mucosa-to-mucosa bilioenteric anastmosis principle and the establishment of postoperative long-term followup system centered on ALP,γ-GT and life quality score are required in the reoperation of stenosis after bile duct repair.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome is of high variation,which results in persistent infection of HCV and increases the incidence of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.Following the successful paradigm established for HIV protease inhibitors,HCV NS3-4A serine protease has been selected as the main target for the development of small molecule antiviral agents.In this article,we review recent progress in the discovery and development of HCV NS3-4A protease inhibitors,and discuss their antiviral activities,pharmacokinetic properties,side effects and resistance profiles.

Objective To determine whether mutation of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) X gene is associated with hepatitis B virus-associated glomerulonephritis (HBV-GN).Methods The venous blood was collected from 50 patients with HBV-GN and 60 patients with asymptomatic HBV carriers (control group).Serum HBV DNA was extracted to determine the serum titer of HBV-DNA and then polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the HBV X gene mutation.Results (1)There were not statistical significance between age and gender in HBV-GN group and control group (P ＞0.05).There were not statistical significance of serum replication level of HBV DNA in HBV-GN with X gene mutation and control group (P ＞ 0.05).Urine protein excretion in HBV-GN group with or without X gene mutation was found with statistical significance (P ＜ 0.05).(2)Nucleotide mutations [84％ (42/50)] resulted in amino acid substitution in HBV-GN.Nucleotide mutations changed in transfunction control region of X gene,including position nt1653,nt1726,nt1727,nt1730,nt1753,nt1762 and nt1764.(3)Nucleotide mutations [8％(5/60)] resulted in amino acid substitution in control group.Nucleotide mutations changed in position nt1632 and nt1635,located in non-functional region.Conclusions HBV X gene mutations and the subsequent amino acid substitutions are found in HBV-GN.The urine protein excretion level increases in patients with X mutation,suggesting that these mutations may play an important role in the pathogenesis of HBV-GN.