NF-?B, a group of important transcription factors, are introduced and discussed here on several aspects: their component and molecular structure; their activity control by I?B and IKK, the mechanism of their activation; their important roles in transcriptional regulation for large numbers of genes; and their importance in immunity, inflammation, cell survival, proliferation and apoptosis. The analysis of the relation between NF-?B and disease occurrence, the analysis of the relation between NF-?B and disease therapy, and the application prospect of the new strategy regarding the novel drug design and correlative diseases therapy on the basis of NF-?B as the target, are also included.

Bone Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Breast Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Delayed Diagnosis ; Diagnostic Errors ; Female ; Frozen Sections ; Humans ; Intraoperative Period ; Retrospective Studies ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology

OBJECTIVE:To establish the optimal technical condition for the extraction of volatile oil from the volatile herbs of Huoxiang zhengqi prescription with supercritical CO2 fluid(SFE-CO2).METHODS:The technical condition for the extraction of volatile oil from the volatile herbs of Huoxiang zhengqi prescription were optimized using L9(34)orthogonal design table with extraction pressure,the extraction temperature,the pressure and temperature of separator Ⅰ as factors and with the yield of the volatile oil as index.RESULTS:A highest extraction yield of volatile oil from the volatile herbs of Huoxiang zhengqi prescription was achieved(2.057%)under an optimal technical condition as follows:with extraction pressure at 25 MPa,the extraction temperature at 30 ℃,the pressure for separator Ⅰ at 9 MPa and the temperature of separator Ⅰ at 45 ℃.CONCLUSION:Extraction of volatile oil from the volatile herbs of Huoxiang zhengqi prescription by SFE-CO2 is characterized by high extraction yield,stable,pure operation,safe,and by which the biological activity of the volatile oil can be maintained,thus it is a potential extraction and separation method.

To investigate the effect of C/EBP βon the neuroinflammation.Recently,neuroinflamma-tion research mainly focused on C/EBP β,more and more researches indicated that C/EBP βmay play an important role in neurodegenerative diseases.We searched the published papers in PubMed,CNKI,and Wan Fang date bases in June 2015.The key words were used asCCAAT enhancer binding protein beta,Neu-ron,Neuroinflammationand so on.According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we summaried and analyzed the literatures.Eventually,42 articles were adapted,most of which were foused on the functions and mechanisms of C/EBP βin neuroinflammation.C/EBP βparticipate in multiple signaling pathways of neu-roinflammation,and the regulation mechanism is complicated.Abrogation of C/EBPβexpression or its down-regulation by gene regulation may may serve as a therapeutic target to attenuate deleterious effects in neural tissue and ultimately prevent the development of neurodegenerative disorders.

Objective To identify the effect of blood pool 18F-FDG activity on liver SUV and to investigate the optimal normalization method.Methods PET/CT and common serological examination items from 1 018 subjects were retrospectively collected.Mean SUV of liver and blood were recorded as SUVmean(L) and SUVmean (B),respectively.The difference and quotient of SUVmean(L) and SUV mean (B) were calculated as SUVmean (L-B) and SUVmean (L/B),respectively.CV of SUVmean (L),SUVmean (L-B) and SUVmean(L/B) were calculated to assess their inter-individual variations.Pearson correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationship of SUVmean(L),SUVmean(L-B),SUVmean(L/B) with SUVmean(B).Multiple linear stepwise regression was performed to identify their vulnerability to common serological examination items.Results CV of SUVmean(L/B) (15.1％) was less than that of SUmean(L) (23.2％) and SUVmean(L-B) (40.6％).Correlation between SUVmean(L) and SUVmean(B) (r =0.820,P＜0.001) was more significant than that between SUVmean(L-B) and SUVmean(B) (r =0.205,P＜0.001) as well as between SUVmean (L/B) and SUVmean (B) (r=-0.376,P＜0.001).Blood glucose and BMI correlated with SUVmean(L) and SUVmean(L/B),but not with SUV (B).Age and HDL correlated with SUVmean(L) and SUVmean(B),but not with SUV (L/B).Fatty liver was significantly associated with SUV mean (L/B) (β =-0.047,P ＜0.001),but not with SUVmean(L) and SUVmean (B).Conclusions 18 F-FDG activity of blood pool affects liver SUV.SUV mean (L/B) is a simple and reliable normalization method since its inter-individual variation and vulnerability to common serological examination items are relatively lower than liver SUV.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of compound ocimum oil oral suspension in the treatment of children with acute diarrhea(Piweixure Syndrome).Methods 382 children with acute diarrhea(Piweixure Syndrome) were selected for the multi center and open clinical trial.All patients was treated by compound ocimum oil oral suspension based on age and weight,6 months below 3mL thrice a day,6-＜ 12months 5mL thrice a day,12-＜24 months 10mL thrice a day,24 months upper 20-40 mL thrice a day.The course was three days.The efficacy and safety was observed.Results The total efficiency was 93.98％,there were 274 cases with marked effect and 85 case with effective in analysis on clinical efficacy.There were significant differences between before and after therapy on symptoms and signs as defecation frequency,defecation characters and defecation disesthesia (x2 =467.43,524.51,263.03,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Compound ocimum oil oral ouspension in the treatment of children with acute diarrhea(Piweixure Syndrome) has definite effect and safety.It would be applied to clinical wildly with advantages as shorten the course,decreased diarrhea times and improved clinical symptoms.

Column chromatography on silica gel was used to study the chemical constituents of traditional Chinese medicine Siegesbeckia pubescens. The chemical structures of the separated compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic data analyses. As a result, eighteen compounds were obtained and identified as 3, 4'-dimethoxy quercetin(1), 3, 3', 4'-trimethoxy quercetin(2), 3, 3'-dimethoxy quercetin(3), 7, 3', 4'-trimethoxy luteolin(4), ursolic acid(5), 2β,19α-dihydroxyursolic acid(6), 2β-hydroxyursolic acid (7), stigmasterol-7-one(8), 5α, 8α-epidioxy-24(R)-methyl-cholesta-6, 22-diene-3β-ol(9), β-sitosterol(10), 2, 6-di(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3, 7-dioxacyclo [3. 3. 0] octane (11), aurantiamide acetate (12), 3-(m-hydroxyl-p-methoxy)-N-(2'-p-hydroxyl-phenethyl)-2E-acrylamide(13), p-hydroxy benzaldehyde (14), m-hydroxy-p-methoxy benzaldehyde (15), 3, 4, 5-trimethoxybenzoic acid(16), monoethyl malonate(17), and p-hydroxylcinnamic acid(18). Among them, compounds 1-9, 11-18 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Asteraceae ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Luteolin ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Plants, Medicinal ; Quercetin ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Sitosterols ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Triterpenes ; chemistry ; isolation & purification

Adolescent ; Adult ; Ammonia ; adverse effects ; Burns, Chemical ; etiology ; therapy ; Burns, Inhalation ; etiology ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

Tumor cells leads to enhanced glucose uptake and the conversion of a larger fraction of pyruvate into lactate even under the circumstance of abundant oxygen. This phenomenon of aerobic glycolysis is known as the Warburg effect. Lactic acid, as an important tool for tumor cells to modify the tumor microenvironment, promotes the process of tumor invasion and metastasis, and contributes to tumor development by inducing and recruiting immunosuppression-related cells and molecules. Lactic acid could efflux out of the cancer cells via the monocarboxylate transporters to prevent intracellular acidification. Lactate can inhibit the cytolytic activity of T cells and natural killer (NK) cells, promoting the differentiation of tolerogenic interleukin 10 (IL-10)-producing dendritic cells. Moreover, the lactate-derived lactylation of histone lysine residues can promote macrophage polarization toward the M2-like phenotype, suppressing the immune response within the tumor microenvironment. In this review, we discuss the role of lactate as an immunosuppressor molecule that contributes to tumor evasion from the aspects of lactic acid metabolism and its effect on immune cells. And we explore the possibility of targeting potential targets in lactate metabolism for tumor treatment. At last, we proposed a tumor immunotherapy strategy by inhibiting the pathway of aerobic glycolysis and proteins associated with the production and transport of lactic acid.

As an essential amino acid, tryptophan (Trp) has various physiological functions and is of great significance in the metabolic process of tumors. In the human body, tryptophan is mainly transformed through kynurenine metabolic pathway, which not only promotes the inherent malignant properties of tumor cells, but also leads to immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment. Changes in tryptophan metabolism often occur in tumors, accompanied by abnormal gene expression of tryptophan-related enzymes, among which indoleamine 2,3-bioxygenase (IDO)-related gene expression and tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO)-related gene changes are the most significant. A large number of clinical trials on IDO inhibitors, TDO inhibitors and combination therapy have been carried out. This paper reviewed the tryptophan metabolic pathway, regulation of IDO (TDO), kynurenine (KYN) and other related genes in tumor cells, and outlined the development of therapeutic schedule targeting tryptophan-related genes. The new progress provides new ideas for the further exploration of tumor treatment options.