Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ; therapeutic use ; Apoptosis ; Cell Cycle ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; etiology ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; metabolism ; Protein Kinases ; physiology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Sirolimus ; therapeutic use ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases

Background Keratectasia after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) is one of the serious complications which affect the vision.The measurement of cornea posterior elevation is an important way helping to find this change.Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the change of cornea posterior elevation after LASIK in myopic eyes with astigmatism and affecting factors.Methods A series case-observational study was adopted.One hundred and twenty-seven myopic eyes with astigmatism of 66 patients who received LASIK in 2008 May through 2010 January in Beijing Tongren Hospital were retrospectively analyzed to evaluate the change of cornea posterior elevation following the LASIK.The parameters related to cornea posterior elevation were measured and compared before and 3 months,6 months and 1 year after surgery,respectively,with Oculyzer anterial segment analysis system.Results The height values from posterior cornea highest point,the lowest point and central vertex central elevation zone were (12.20±3.39),(-19.02±7.38) and (1.05 ±3.25) μm respectively before LASIK and were (14.38±3.80),(-18.55±7.11),(2.83±4.81)μm in3 months and (13.99±3.38),(-17.57±6.54),(2.45±4.61) μm in 6 months after LASIK.They were (14.40±3.85),(-17.76±6.00),(2.16±5.00) μm in 1 year after surgery.Significant increases were found in the vertex height and central elevation after LASIK compared with before surgery(highest pointq=6.813,5.594,6.875,all at P＜0.001.central vertex:q=4.488,P=0.002;q =3.530,P=0.013 ;q =2.799,P =0.047).However,no significant difference was seen in various time points after LASIK (P＞0.05).A positive correlation was obtained between the height value of the posterior cornea central vertex with the spherical equivalent (SE),maximum cutting depth or cutting proportion 1 year after LASIK (r =0.295,0.297,0.295,all at P=0.001),and there was a negative correlation between it with residual stroma (r=-0.208,P=0.019).The intraocular pressure (IOP) measured with noncontact tonometry (NCT) was (14.24±3.33) mmHg before LASIK,and those of 3 months,6 months and 1 year were (8.42± 1.90),(8.61 ± 1.64) and (8.76± 1.64)mmHg after LASIK,showing a significant lowing in IOP after LASIK in comparison with before LASIK (q =29.851,28.317,26.337,all at P＜0.001).But no significant change was found in the different time points after LASIK (P＞0.05).There was significant difference in the IOP corrected by Ehlers after LASIK (P＞0.05).The IOP before LASIK had positive correlation with the central elevation of posterior cornea surface 1 year after LASIK(r=0.258,P =0.003).Conclusions The cornea posterior elevation increases slightly early stage after LASIK but retains stable level with lapse of time.The refraction diopter before LASIK is the main factor affecting the posterior corneal shape.To reduce the risk of corneal ectasia,more attention should be paid to the reserving of appropriate corneal residual stroma and smallest degree of eccentricity during the ablation procedure.

Purpose To explore the three-dimensional display and parameter features of 3.0T MR diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in the imaging of normal female pelvic floor muscle fiber bundles, and to provide a reference standard for the application of DTI in patients with pelvic organ prolapse. Materials and Methods Fifty cases of females who had not given birth or had given birth by cesarean delivery were divided into four groups:20 to 29 years (15 cases), 30 to 39 years (15 cases), 40 to 49 years (12 cases) and 50 to 54 years (8 cases). First, the conventional sagittal, axial, coronal T2WI and axial T1WI images were acquired with a 3.0T MRI scanner;then a dynamic sagittal fiesta sequence was executed to exclude pelvic organ prolapse; at last, the transverse two-dimensional diffusion-weighted spin echo-echo planar imaging (SE-EPI) pulse sequence was executed to acquire pelvic floor DTI data, through the post-processing of the data, normal female pelvic floor muscle fiber bundle images can be obtained and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value and fractional anisotropy (FA) value were calculated. Results Content three-dimensional muscle fiber bundle images and corresponding ADC and FA values of the pubic visceral muscles in pelvic wall and obturator muscles in pelvic wall were acquired in all subjects;there was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05) for the ADC and FA values between the left and right side of the pubic visceral muscles and obturator muscles within the same age group;and the difference of ADC and FA values of pubic visceral muscles and obturator muscles among different age groups were not statistically significant (P>0.05), either. Conclusion 3.0T MR DTI fiber tracking imaging can be applied for the three-dimensional observation of the complicated muscle fiber bundle structures in female pelvic floor, through the measurement of ADC and FA value changes, functional abnormity can be suggested before the anatomy structure changes of the pelvic muscles occurs, thus provides an important new approach for further study of pelvic organ prolapse.

Objective To investigate the effect of resistance nodulation division (RND) efflux pumps on reduced susceptibility to tigecycline in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumanii.Methods Totally 631 isolates of Acinetobacter baumanii were collected from 16 hospitals in 7 provinces in 2010.Genes oxa-51 and oxa-23 were detected by PCR method,and the ST profiles were determined by multilocus sequence typing (MLST).The disk susceptibility assay was used to determine the inhibition zone diameters of β-lactams,aminoglycosides,macrolides,tetracyclines,carbapenems,tigecycline and polymyxin.The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of tigecycline was determined by E-test in strains with inhibition zone diameters ≤ 12 mm on tigecycline.The expression of operon genes adeB,adeG and adeJ was determined with efflux pump inhibitor NMP (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone) for detection of efflux pump inhibitor phenotype.The isolates of Acinetobacter baumanii which were resistant both to tigecycline and carbapenems and with the inhibited phenotype of efflux pump inhibitor were collected as the experiment group,the isolates which were susceptible to tigecycline but resistant to carbapenems were collected as the control group,and ATCC 19606 was used as the reference strain.The expressions of adeABC,adeFGH and adeIJK were quantified by q-PCR at the transcriptional level.Genes adeR,adeS and adeL were amplified and sequenced using PCR method to find polymorphic locus and insertion sequences.Results There were 32 isolates of Acinetobacter baumanii with reduced susceptibility to tigecycline and carbapenem-resistant.Eight isolates were with the inhibited phenotype by efflux pump inhibitor.And 4 strains which were susceptible to tigecycline but resistant to carbapenems were selected as the control.The expressions of adeABC in A518,Z1219 and A527 of experiment group were 13-fold,5-fold and 7-fold higher than reference strain ATCC19606,respectively.The expressions of adeFGH and adeIJK were up-regulated slightly in some isolates.Transcript of adeABC was not found in control group strains A207 and A1731,and the expressions of adeABC,adeFGH and adeIJK were not up-regulated in other isolates.The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was detected in adeR (E220K) and adeS (A130D),respectively.ISAab1 insertion sequence was identified in adeS of adeABC-over expressed isolates.No mutation was found in adeL.Conclusion High expression of adeABC pump may play an important role in tigecycline resistance in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii,mainly due to the insertion of ISAba1 sequence in its regulator gene adeS,but other mechanism of tigecycline resistance may not be excluded.

Objective Inquire into the relationship between diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DPN)pathogenic factor and Antigangliosides antibody(Anti-GS-Ab)in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods It was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISA)to the levels of serum Anti-gangliosides(Anti-GS)in 2 DM and DPN as well as healthy.Results The positive rate of Anti-GS-IgM,IgG in DPN group were 46.7% and 20.0%.repectivily it was obviously higher than normal group and 2 DM group.Conclusion The relationship between the DPN and Anti-GS-Ab is a close.It show that Anti-GS-Ab play an important role in DPN pathological process.

Fetal atrioventricular block (AVB) is a type of fetal bradyarrhythmias. The reported incidence of fetal complete atrioventricular block (CAVB) and mortality of perinatal fetuses and neonates are signiifcantly higher in pregnancies of anti-SSA/Ro-positive mothers than that of anti-SSA/Ro-negative mothers. The auto-antibodies in maternal serum that can be transported into fetal circulation through placenta may damage fetal cardiac conductive system and eventually result in fetal AVB. There are evidences that early diagnosis and proper treatment can improve the prognosis and survival rate of affected fetuses. In this article, the pathogenesis, risk factors, prenatal diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of fetal immune mediated AVB is reviewed.

In order to evaluate the effects of subtotal gastrectomy on the release of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) into the blood,blood samples were taken from 10 patients after Billroth Ⅰ operation (B-Ⅰ),15 patients after Billroth Ⅱ operation (B-Ⅱ),15 patients after antroseromuscular flap preserving gastrectomy (PAFPG),and 8 normal subjects who served as the control.The blood samples were taken after the individual took hypertonic glucose solution.It was found that the VIP elevation rate was significantly higher in B-Ⅰ and B-Ⅱ group than in PAFPG group (P 0.05).In B-Ⅰ and B-Ⅱ,the VIP elevation rate was significantly higher in those cases with dumping syndrome than in those without (P

Background and purpose:Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) has both the advantages of T lympho-cytes’ powerful anti-tumor activity and NK cells’ tumor killing capacity without MHC restriction. It could directly kill tumor cells, regulate and enhance immune function, without damaging the structure and functions of the immune sys-tem. Its effects on the treatment of malignant solid tumors has been widely recognized. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-proliferation effects of CIK cells obtained and cultivated from lung cancer patients’ lymph nodes. Meanwhile, the safety of clinical transfusion was observed.Methods:The peripheral blood and lymph nodes of 6 surgery patients with lung cancer from Shanghai Chest Hospital were used to cultivate CIK cells for 14 days. The phenotypes of CIK cells were detected by lfow cytometry. The anti-proliferation activities of CIK cells on A549 lung cancer cells were detected by CCK8 assay. The morphological changes of CIK cells were observed by invert microscope. The expression of CEA level and adverse events were evaluated after CIK transfusion.Results:The proportion of CD3+CD56+T lymphocyte in two groups were both more than 30%. The CCK8 assay showed that the suppression rate of lymph nodes group was higher than that of peripheral blood group at each effect/target ratio(P<0.05). The adverse effect of CIK transfusion was mild and tolerable. The expression of CEA level decreased in patients.Conclusion:Lymph nodes of surgery patients with lung cancer can be used for cultivation of CIK cells. The anti-tumor activity of CIK isolated from lymph nodes is better than that of CIK cells cultivated from peripheral blood. Preclinical experiments showed high safety.

Objective To determine the Golgi dispersal in radiation damaged cells and the protective effect of vanillin derivatives.Methods Immunofluorescence, cell cycle analysis of flow-cytometry,Western blot,and clone formation were used.Results Immunofluorescence observation showed that the Golgi dispersal caused by 2 Gy 60 Coγ-ray was significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner in the range of 4-10 Gy as was demonstrated by the fact that the Golgi area was significantly increased. When the irradiated cells were treated with the radioprotective agent VND3207, a vanillin derivative,the Golgi dispersal induced by radiation was significantly reduced.The radiation-induced Golgi dispersal was also displayed in a pattern of time-course after irradiation in the HeLa cells, and persisted at least to 36 h post-irradiation. Cell cycle test results indicated that the Golgi dispersal was not associated with the G2/M arrest triggered by radiation-induced DNA damage response.VND3207 could promote cell survival by plate colony formation assay.Conclusion The Golgi dispersal can be caused byγ-ray irradiation in a dose-and time-dependent manner, and VND3207 can provide a good protection against radiation injury associated with inhibited Golgi dispersal.

Background and purpose:Checkpiont targeted immunotherapy in the field of solid tumor therapy has huge potential, triggering a boom in the study of immune targeted drugs. A study has provided a basis for the follow-up study of ipilimumab combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC) patients. This study counted the adverse event statistics that ipilimumab or placebo combined with paclitaxel and carboplatin as first-line therapy for the treatment of stage Ⅳ or recurrent squamous cell carcinoma to evaluate the safety of ipilimumab combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of advanced squamous cell carcinoma.Methods:This study selected 13 patients with ECOG scores≤1 and stage ⅣA or ⅣB squamous cell carcinoma in the Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong Uni-versity. Randomized controlled double blind trial was used in this study. The patients of experimental group were treated with ipilimumab combined with paclitaxel and carboplatin, while the patients of control group were treated with the placebo combined with paclitaxel and carboplatin. Adverse events (AEs) were counted in the process of treatment.Results:The most common AEs were the 1/2 grade AEs. Immune-related AEs (irAEs) reported in the ipilimumab group included level Ⅰ of diarrhea and pruritus, level Ⅱ of rash and pruritus and level Ⅲ of hypophysitis.Conclusion:The side effects of ipilimumab were mild, tolerable and manageable.