Background Keratectasia after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) is one of the serious complications which affect the vision.The measurement of cornea posterior elevation is an important way helping to find this change.Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the change of cornea posterior elevation after LASIK in myopic eyes with astigmatism and affecting factors.Methods A series case-observational study was adopted.One hundred and twenty-seven myopic eyes with astigmatism of 66 patients who received LASIK in 2008 May through 2010 January in Beijing Tongren Hospital were retrospectively analyzed to evaluate the change of cornea posterior elevation following the LASIK.The parameters related to cornea posterior elevation were measured and compared before and 3 months,6 months and 1 year after surgery,respectively,with Oculyzer anterial segment analysis system.Results The height values from posterior cornea highest point,the lowest point and central vertex central elevation zone were (12.20±3.39),(-19.02±7.38) and (1.05 ±3.25) μm respectively before LASIK and were (14.38±3.80),(-18.55±7.11),(2.83±4.81)μm in3 months and (13.99±3.38),(-17.57±6.54),(2.45±4.61) μm in 6 months after LASIK.They were (14.40±3.85),(-17.76±6.00),(2.16±5.00) μm in 1 year after surgery.Significant increases were found in the vertex height and central elevation after LASIK compared with before surgery(highest pointq=6.813,5.594,6.875,all at P＜0.001.central vertex:q=4.488,P=0.002;q =3.530,P=0.013 ;q =2.799,P =0.047).However,no significant difference was seen in various time points after LASIK (P＞0.05).A positive correlation was obtained between the height value of the posterior cornea central vertex with the spherical equivalent (SE),maximum cutting depth or cutting proportion 1 year after LASIK (r =0.295,0.297,0.295,all at P=0.001),and there was a negative correlation between it with residual stroma (r=-0.208,P=0.019).The intraocular pressure (IOP) measured with noncontact tonometry (NCT) was (14.24±3.33) mmHg before LASIK,and those of 3 months,6 months and 1 year were (8.42± 1.90),(8.61 ± 1.64) and (8.76± 1.64)mmHg after LASIK,showing a significant lowing in IOP after LASIK in comparison with before LASIK (q =29.851,28.317,26.337,all at P＜0.001).But no significant change was found in the different time points after LASIK (P＞0.05).There was significant difference in the IOP corrected by Ehlers after LASIK (P＞0.05).The IOP before LASIK had positive correlation with the central elevation of posterior cornea surface 1 year after LASIK(r=0.258,P =0.003).Conclusions The cornea posterior elevation increases slightly early stage after LASIK but retains stable level with lapse of time.The refraction diopter before LASIK is the main factor affecting the posterior corneal shape.To reduce the risk of corneal ectasia,more attention should be paid to the reserving of appropriate corneal residual stroma and smallest degree of eccentricity during the ablation procedure.

Antibiotics, Antineoplastic ; therapeutic use ; Apoptosis ; Cell Cycle ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; etiology ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases ; metabolism ; Protein Kinases ; physiology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction ; Sirolimus ; therapeutic use ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases

Purpose To explore the three-dimensional display and parameter features of 3.0T MR diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in the imaging of normal female pelvic floor muscle fiber bundles, and to provide a reference standard for the application of DTI in patients with pelvic organ prolapse. Materials and Methods Fifty cases of females who had not given birth or had given birth by cesarean delivery were divided into four groups:20 to 29 years (15 cases), 30 to 39 years (15 cases), 40 to 49 years (12 cases) and 50 to 54 years (8 cases). First, the conventional sagittal, axial, coronal T2WI and axial T1WI images were acquired with a 3.0T MRI scanner;then a dynamic sagittal fiesta sequence was executed to exclude pelvic organ prolapse; at last, the transverse two-dimensional diffusion-weighted spin echo-echo planar imaging (SE-EPI) pulse sequence was executed to acquire pelvic floor DTI data, through the post-processing of the data, normal female pelvic floor muscle fiber bundle images can be obtained and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value and fractional anisotropy (FA) value were calculated. Results Content three-dimensional muscle fiber bundle images and corresponding ADC and FA values of the pubic visceral muscles in pelvic wall and obturator muscles in pelvic wall were acquired in all subjects;there was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05) for the ADC and FA values between the left and right side of the pubic visceral muscles and obturator muscles within the same age group;and the difference of ADC and FA values of pubic visceral muscles and obturator muscles among different age groups were not statistically significant (P>0.05), either. Conclusion 3.0T MR DTI fiber tracking imaging can be applied for the three-dimensional observation of the complicated muscle fiber bundle structures in female pelvic floor, through the measurement of ADC and FA value changes, functional abnormity can be suggested before the anatomy structure changes of the pelvic muscles occurs, thus provides an important new approach for further study of pelvic organ prolapse.

Background Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic model is an acceptable model and is often used to the study of diabetic retinopathy (DR).However,the model is often established using retinal digest preparation in vitro in albino rats,and therefore it is difficult to evaluate the change of retinal vessels by fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) in vivo.Recently,pigmented rats are being used as the DR model.But the study on the comparison between albino rat model and pigmented rat model is seldom.Objective This study was to observe and compare the manifestations of FFA and retinal digest preparation in early diabetic pigmented diabetic rat and albino diabetic rat,and to select the right model of DR using FFA.Methods Type 1 diabetic models were induced in 15 six-week-old health male BN rats and 15 six-week-old health male SD rats by the injection of STZ (55 mg/kg) via tail vein.The models were thought to be successful in the rats with the blood glucose level ≥ 16.7 mmol/L.The right eyes of the rats were extracted 6 weeks after injection of STZ.Lens were examined by slit lamp microscope.Retinal vascular changes were examined by fundus photography,FFA and periodic acid Schiff staining of retinal digest preparation.The manifestations of FFA and retinal digest preparation were contrasted between BN rats and SD rats.The number of eyes with lens opacification was compared by Chi-square test and the ratio of vascular endothelial cells and perithelial cells (E/P) was compared between BN rats and SD rats.The use and care of experimental animals complied the Statement of Ethic Committee of Tianjin Medicine University.Results Six weeks after injection of STZ,11 BN rats and 10SD rats were included in this study.The blood levels were (24.73±2.98) mmol/L and (22.36±3.65) mmol/L in BN rats and SD rats,respectively,without significant difference between the 2 types of rats (t =7.873,P＞0.05).Lens opacification occurred in 6 BN rats and in 5 SD rats (P=0.717).FFA showed the clear retinal vascular under the brown background.Evident vessel disorder and fluorescence leakage like background stage of DR were seen in 9 eyes.However,in the SD rats,retinal vessel abnormality could not exhibited owing to the interference of choroid fluorescent light from choroidal vessels and vortex vein.Retinal digest preparation exhibited that unevenness of vessel diameter,decrease of perithelial cells and increase of endothelial cells in both types of rats.The E/P values were 11.50±3.68in the BN rats and 12.86±3.94 in the SD rats,without significant difference between them (t=9.785,P＞0.05).Conclusions The abnormality of fundus vascular morphology can be better displayed in pigmented diabetic rats than albino rats by FFA in vivo.

Objective To determine the Golgi dispersal in radiation damaged cells and the protective effect of vanillin derivatives.Methods Immunofluorescence, cell cycle analysis of flow-cytometry,Western blot,and clone formation were used.Results Immunofluorescence observation showed that the Golgi dispersal caused by 2 Gy 60 Coγ-ray was significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner in the range of 4-10 Gy as was demonstrated by the fact that the Golgi area was significantly increased. When the irradiated cells were treated with the radioprotective agent VND3207, a vanillin derivative,the Golgi dispersal induced by radiation was significantly reduced.The radiation-induced Golgi dispersal was also displayed in a pattern of time-course after irradiation in the HeLa cells, and persisted at least to 36 h post-irradiation. Cell cycle test results indicated that the Golgi dispersal was not associated with the G2/M arrest triggered by radiation-induced DNA damage response.VND3207 could promote cell survival by plate colony formation assay.Conclusion The Golgi dispersal can be caused byγ-ray irradiation in a dose-and time-dependent manner, and VND3207 can provide a good protection against radiation injury associated with inhibited Golgi dispersal.

Adult stem cells are the multi-potential cells, which exist in fetal and adult tissues. It can reproduce itself (undergo self-renewal) or give rise to more specialized (differentiated) cells. Under certain inducing conditions, adult stem cells can acquire the ability to differentiate into different tissue cells. Multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPC), an alternative name of adult stem cell given by Catherine Verfaillie, existing in bone marrow, can differentiate into cells with characteristics of mesodermal, neuroectodermal, and endodermal lineages in vitro at the single-cell level. MAPC can also contribute to most cell types when injected into the blastocyst. Adult stem cell differentiation implies that different cell lineages are derived from a single initial cell; all differentiated cell types are functional in vitro and in vivo; and engraftment is robust and persistent in the physiological and pathological situations. The possible mechanisms may underlie the differentiation: various tissue-specific stem cells are present in different organs; adult stem cells would be reprogrammed when removed from their usual microenvironment and introduced into a different niche that imparts signals to activate a novel genetic program needed for the new cell fate. And true multi-potential stem cells persist in postnatal life. In the future, multi-potent adult stem cells might then be used for therapies of degenerative or genetic disorders of multiple different organs.
Adult Stem Cells ; cytology ; Cell Differentiation ; Humans ; Multipotent Stem Cells ; cytology ; Stem Cell Transplantation

Objective Inquire into the relationship between diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DPN)pathogenic factor and Antigangliosides antibody(Anti-GS-Ab)in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods It was examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays(ELISA)to the levels of serum Anti-gangliosides(Anti-GS)in 2 DM and DPN as well as healthy.Results The positive rate of Anti-GS-IgM,IgG in DPN group were 46.7% and 20.0%.repectivily it was obviously higher than normal group and 2 DM group.Conclusion The relationship between the DPN and Anti-GS-Ab is a close.It show that Anti-GS-Ab play an important role in DPN pathological process.

Insertion of foreign genes into the genome map of Chinese herb always produces the intended beneficial effects, but also the unintended effects. Analysis of genomic function and metabolic end products based on the principle of substantial can reveal the influence on the quality of herbs, which is able to provide valuable refer-ence for the following evaluation on pharmacology and toxicology.

Objective To approach the effect of CYP3A5 6986A＞G (rs776746) and ABCB1 3435C＞T (rs104564) on plasma tacrolimus(FK506) dose adjusted blood trough concentrations(C0/D) in kidney transplanted patients.Method Totally 125 renal transplanted recipients were recruited,and gene sequencing method were used to detect the genotype of CYP3A5 6986A＞G and ABCB1 3435C＞ T.FK506 trough concentration of 125 patients was detected by enzyme multiplies immunoassay technique (EMIT) after the surgery over 6 month.The relevance between the ratio of trough concentration/dosage and polymorphisms was analyzed.Result In 125 renal transplanted receipients,the allele frequency of CYP3A5 and ABCB1 genetic variants was 74％ and 34.8％,respectively.After 6 months,the C0/D ration in the homozygous mutant CYP3A5 * 3/* 3 receiptients was significant higher than that in the homozygous wild type * 1/* 3 and heterozygous mutant * 1/* 1 receiptients (P ＜ 0.05).And there was no significant difference of the Co/D ration between CYP3A5 * 1/* 1 and CYP3A5 * 1/* 3 receipients(P＞0.05).The the C0/D ration in homozygous wild type ABCB1 T/T and homozygous mutant T/C receipients was significant higher than that in heterozygous mutant C/C receipients (P＜0.05),and there was no significant difference of the C0/D ration between T/C and T/T receipients (P＞ 0.05).Conclusion The study shows that the the polymorphism of CYP3A5 and ABCB1 genes was significantly correlated with the trough C0/D value of the recipients after renal transplantation who were treated by Tacrolimus for more than half a year.The detection of the SNP of the CYP3A5 and ABCB1 will be useful for FK506 dosage adjustment.

Background and purpose:Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) has both the advantages of T lympho-cytes’ powerful anti-tumor activity and NK cells’ tumor killing capacity without MHC restriction. It could directly kill tumor cells, regulate and enhance immune function, without damaging the structure and functions of the immune sys-tem. Its effects on the treatment of malignant solid tumors has been widely recognized. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-proliferation effects of CIK cells obtained and cultivated from lung cancer patients’ lymph nodes. Meanwhile, the safety of clinical transfusion was observed.Methods:The peripheral blood and lymph nodes of 6 surgery patients with lung cancer from Shanghai Chest Hospital were used to cultivate CIK cells for 14 days. The phenotypes of CIK cells were detected by lfow cytometry. The anti-proliferation activities of CIK cells on A549 lung cancer cells were detected by CCK8 assay. The morphological changes of CIK cells were observed by invert microscope. The expression of CEA level and adverse events were evaluated after CIK transfusion.Results:The proportion of CD3+CD56+T lymphocyte in two groups were both more than 30%. The CCK8 assay showed that the suppression rate of lymph nodes group was higher than that of peripheral blood group at each effect/target ratio(P<0.05). The adverse effect of CIK transfusion was mild and tolerable. The expression of CEA level decreased in patients.Conclusion:Lymph nodes of surgery patients with lung cancer can be used for cultivation of CIK cells. The anti-tumor activity of CIK isolated from lymph nodes is better than that of CIK cells cultivated from peripheral blood. Preclinical experiments showed high safety.