OBJECTIVE: To study the pharmacokinetics of single-and multiple-dose of eplerenone tablets in Chinese healthy volunteers. METHODS: Twelve volunteers were administered a single dose of eplerenone at 25, 50, and 100 mg according to 3 × 3 Latin square design. In multiple-dose study, 10 volunteers were administered eplerenone of 50 mg per day for 6 d. Eplerenone concentration in plasma was determined by LC-MS/MS. RESULTS: The main pharmacokinetic parameters of single-dose eplerenone of 25, 50 and 100 mg in 12 volunteers were as follows: ρmax (450.2±146.2), (765.2±258.2), and (1262±428) μg·L-1, tmax (1.71±0.33), (2.06±1.01) and (2.79±1.48) h, t1/2(2.50±0.39), (2.69±0.55) and (2.84±0.53) h, AUC0-24h (2410±778), (4403±1522) and (8202±2398) μg·h·L-1, AUC0-∞ (2429±774), (4426±1523) and (8246±2407) μg·h·L-1. In the multiple-dose study, the main pharmacokinetic parameters after the first dose and those at steady state were as follows: tmax (3.40±1.27) and (2.65±1.00) h, t1/2(3.03±0.66) and (3.22±0.62) h, ρmax (690.7±207.4) and (743.2±192.3), μg·L-1, ρSSmin(12.81±9.64) μg·L-1, ρavss (219.0±59.6) μg·L-1, and AUCSS (5256±1431) μg·h·L-1 CONCLUSION: The pharmacokinetics of eplerenone in human is linear in the range of 25-100 mg. There is no drug accumulation after multiple dosing. Copyright 2012 by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

This paper is to analyze the characteristics of psychological intervention after China Wenchuan earthquake based on the previous studies of the former earthquakes in China, and to provide evidence for future psychological intervention under similar conditions. Psychological intervention was immediately provided to the victims of Wenchuan earthquake, the rescuers and journalists in the field. Compared with the former earthquakes in China, Wenchuan earthquake proposed new challenges to psychological professionals: not all the counselors or educators were suitable to provide psychological support in the earthquake field; the intervention to earthquake victims was totally different from that to those receiving traditional counseling; and long-term psychological intervention should be planned. The psychologists should be selected carefully and well-trained before working in a field condition; psychologists should be organized as a team when they work in the field so that they can get support from other team members; psychologists could not presume that " everyone who experienced the earthquake would have psychological disorders or posttraumatic stress disorder"; psychologists should serve as a guider to other people as how to correctly treat the victims, especially the wounded, the children and the orphaned; finally, psychologists should incorporate research work in their psychological intervention process.

Objective To make up an exercise prescription based on traditional Chinese medical training (EP-TCMT) for patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods Eighty-five pa- tients with stable COPD were randomly divided into a control group (CG group),a traditional Chinese medicine group ( TC group) and an exercise prescription group ( EP group).The patients in the TC and EP groups were giv- en intensive training for 8 weeks.Their 6 rain walk distance (6MWD) and Borg scale scores were assessed before and after the treatment.Results The 6MWD in the TC group increased from 337.68?59.18 m to 386.14?76.71 m,while those in the EP group improved from 348.00?55.94 m to 425.17?53.22 m.The Borg scale scores in the TC group decreased from 3.14?1.94 to 2.32?1.25,while those in the EP group declined from 3.45?1.84 to 1.72?0.70.Conclusion Making up EP-TCMTs is feasible.Additional treatment was found to improve exercise tolerance and decrease dyspnea in COPD patients.Exercise therapy based on traditional Chinese methods is easy and safe.

Objective:To analyze the time consumption in the review of multicenter clinical trials and to explore the methods of improving the approval efficiency.Methods:We retrospectively analyzed 246 multicenter clinical trials approved by our hospital from 2012.Group A were trials that our hospital was the leading site while group B were those not.In group B,trials were divided into group B1 (conference review) and B2 (expeditedreview)according to the ethical review methods.Each group's ethical review time,contract signature time,starting experiment time,the total time consumption of review,and the time from the leading site approving to the participating site submitting application were analyzed.Results:In the review of multicenter clinical trials,contract signature cost the most time,accounting for 41％.There was no significant difference in terms of whether to be the leading site.The total time consumption of group B1 and group B2 was 180.94 days and 140.36 days (P ＜0.05),respec tively.The average ethical review time of group B1 was about 20 days longer than group B2 (P ＜ 0.01).There were 96.54 days that the leading site submitted review materials to the participating site after approved.Conclusions:In multicenter clinical trials,for those the leading site has already approved,immediate submission to participating site and choosing the expedited review method may improve the ethical review efficiency,thereby shorten the total approval time consumption.

China ; Foundations ; Preventive Medicine ; economics ; Research Support as Topic ; statistics & numerical data

Adult ; Dust ; Female ; Glass ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Diseases ; epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Skin Diseases ; epidemiology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To develop an LC-MS/MS method with direct precipitation of sample protein to determine the concentration of pantoprazole in human plasma. METHODS: LC-MS/MS equipment with ESI source and WATERS XTerra® RP18 (4.6 mm × 100 mm, 3.5 μm) column were used in the experiment. The column temperature was set at 35°C, 5 mmol · L-1 ammonium acetate-acetonitrile (40:60, V/V) was used as mobile phase and the flow rate was 1.0 mL · min-1. The injection volume was 2 μL. Omeprazole was taken as the internal standard. Pantoprazole and omeprazole were detected with proton adducts at m/z 384.1 → 200.1 and m/z 346.1 → 198.0 in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) positive mode, respectively. RESULTS: The calibration curve of pantoprazole was linear in the range of 5-6000 ng · mL-1 (r > 0.9900). The intra-day and inter-day relative standard deviations were both less than 6.5%, and the relative errors were within ±7%. The mean extract recoveries were more than 98%. In the stability studies, pantoprazole was found to be stable in plasma under various storage conditions. CONCLUSION: The method is rapid, simple, accurate, selective, and reproducible for the determination of pantoprazole in human plasma. The method is successfully applied to a pharmacokinetics study of pantoprazole sodium enteric-coated tablets in healthy volunteers.

The RAS (rat sarcoma) gene is one of the important oncogenes, and its mutation is present in about 30% human tumors. KRAS (kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene) is one of the three RAS subtypes, and KRAS mutations are more common than the mutations in other two RAS subtypes. In recent years, with the continuous research, new ideas have been provided for the treatment of cancers via targeting-KRAS. Efforts have been made to develop various KRAS inhibitors. Here, based on the mechanism of action, we classified KRAS inhibitors into two categories: inhibitors that directly target KRAS and inhibitors that indirectly act on KRAS. The representative KRAS inhibitors were summarized and introduced in this paper.

Animals ; Dentate Gyrus ; metabolism ; Epilepsy ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ; metabolism ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; Kainic Acid ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Microtubule-Associated Proteins ; metabolism ; Neurons ; metabolism ; Neuropeptides ; metabolism

Objective To explore the role and clinical significance of interleukin-6(IL-6) in children with bronchial asthma.Methods Sera were collected from 29 cases with asthmatic attacks,32 asthmatic children who in stable conditions,and 20 health children.Serum IL-6 concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay(RIA).Results 1.Asthmatic children appeared significantly higher levels of serum IL-6 during asthmatic attacks as compared to those in stable conditions and healthy ones respectively(P3 years old had significantly higher serum IL6 concentrations than ≤3 years old children in remission.Conclusion IL-6 may participate pathogenesis of asthma,and it may play different biological roles during asthmatic attacksas or stable conditions.